Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Cancer Effects of Tangeretin, a Phytochemical from Citrus Extracts

  • Seung-Hyeon Ahn (Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kyung-Chul Choi (Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2025.07.25
  • Accepted : 2026.01.10
  • Published : 2026.03.01
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Abstract

Cancer is one of the diseases with high incidence and mortality rates. As a result, many studies have led to the development of therapeutic agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the research on cancer treatment is still essential because of problems including drug resistance, genetic variation among patients, and drug toxicity. To address these problems, several candidate chemicals, including phytochemicals, have been studied for cancer treatment. Phytochemicals exhibit a variety of biochemical and physiological functions in the body and have been studied as having lower toxicity than synthetic chemicals. These properties have led to research into their potential as anti-cancer agents as well as their therapeutic applications for a variety of other diseases. The structural diversity of phytochemicals leads to considerable variations in their mechanisms of action. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of action of each phytochemical when studying phytochemicals. Tangeretin (TAN) is mainly extracted from citrus fruits and is characterized by the presence of a methyl group. The presence of a methyl group in TAN is thought to enhance its intracellular uptake and confer greater resistance to degradation compared with other phytochemicals. Previous studies on the use of TAN in cancer treatment have mainly focused on its ability to induce oxidative stress as the primary anti-cancer mechanism. In addition, some studies suggest that TAN also exerts various other anti-cancer effects, such as upregulating tumor suppressor proteins, inducing apoptosis, and reducing the proportion of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This review highlights the anti-cancer effects of TAN in different cancers and aims to provide data to support future research.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors really appreciate Dr. Zeeshan Bhutta for his critical review to complete this review. This research was supported by the Regional Innovation System & Education(RISE) program through the (Chungbuk Regional Innovation System & Education Center), funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE) and the (Chungcheongbuk-do), Republic of Korea.(2025-RISE-11-014-03). In addition, this work was also supported by Chungbuk National University NUDP program (2025).

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