Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (상하수도학회지)

The Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (대한상하수도학회)
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Transient numerical analysis for surge tank performance evaluation in water distribution systems

상수도 관망에서 서지탱크 성능 평가를 위한 천이류 수치해석 연구

  • Minsung Kim (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Dongwon Ko (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Jeongseop Lee (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Dahong Kim (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Ye-un Choi (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Bongseog Jung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Hyunjun Kim (Flowork Research Institute Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Sanghyun Kim (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 김민성 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 고동원 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 이정섭 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 김다홍 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 최예운 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 정봉석 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 김현준 (주식회사 플로워크연구소) ;
  • 김상현 (부산대학교 사회환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2025.11.28
  • Accepted : 2026.01.30
  • Published : 2026.02.15
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Abstract

This study numerically evaluates the head attenuation achieved by surge tank with different diameters and installation location in a real complex water distribution network, with the aim of identifying the optimal surge tank design and placement for mitigating water hammer transients. Transient simulations were performed using a method of characteristics model coupled with surge tank theory on a simplified and skeletonized representation of the target network. Monitoring nodes highly affected by transients were selected, and water hammer scenarios were generated by imposing valve operation conditions at these nodes. Under the single rapid-closure scenario (1.337 s), a 0.2 m surge tank was selected as the optimal diameter, yielding head attenuation of 0.61%~13.31%. Using the selected diameter, placement was evaluated under the complete-closure scenario (12.033 s); among 46 candidate locations, installation at Node 37 achieved head attenuation of 25.44%~32.22%, representing the maximum attenuation under the study conditions.

본 연구는 실제 복합 상수도 관망 시스템에서 서지탱크의 직경 및 설치 위치에 따른 수두 감쇠 효과를 수치해석적으로 평가하고, 천이류 분석을 통해 상수도 관망 시스템에서 수격 방지 장치로서 활용되는 서지탱크의 최적 설계 및 배치 조건을 선정하고자 하였다. 천이류 기반 수치해석은 서지탱크 해석 이론이 결합된 특성선 방법 기반 모델을 통해 실제 상수도 관망을 단순화·골격화한 관망 시스템을 대상으로 수행했으며, 관망 시스템에서 천이류의 영향을 크게 받는 특정 절점을 선정하여 각 절점에서 밸브 조작 조건에 따른 천이류 발생 시나리오를 설정하였다. 먼저 밸브 급폐(1.337 s) 조건의 단일 시나리오에서 서지탱크의 직경별 성능을 비교한 결과, 수두 감쇠율이 0.61%~13.31%로 나타난 직경 0.2 m 조건이 최적 직경으로 선정되었다. 다음으로 밸브 완폐(12.033 s) 조건의 시나리오에서 선정된 직경 0.2 m 서지탱크의 설치 위치를 평가한 결과, 46개 지점 중 37번 절점에 서지탱크를 설치하는 것이 수두를 25.44%~32.22% 감쇠시켜 본 연구 조건에서 최대 감쇠 효과를 나타냈다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 과학기술정보통신부에서 지원하는 DGIST 일반사업[2025040026]과 한국전자통신연구원 연구운영 지원사업의 일환으로 수행되었습니다[25ZD1120, 디지털 트윈 기반 상수관망 관제 시스템 개발].

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