Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Current and Emerging Therapies Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in Psoriasis

  • Sang-Jun Han (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University) ;
  • Go-Yeon Jung (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University) ;
  • Gyeong-Cheon Lee (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University) ;
  • Dae-Hee Ki (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University) ;
  • Byung-Seok Kim (Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University)
  • Received : 2026.01.23
  • Accepted : 2026.03.12
  • Published : 2026.05.01
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Abstract

Over the past two decades, experimental and clinical evidence has established the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/interleukin-17 (IL-17) axis as a key mediator of psoriatic inflammation. IL-23, primarily derived from activated dendritic cells, supports the survival and pathogenic function of type 17 immune cells, which subsequently release IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 to promote keratinocyte activation and recruit inflammatory leukocytes. These mechanistic insights have directly translated into the development of highly effective biologic therapies targeting IL-17 or IL-23, substantially improving the management of psoriasis. Beyond injectable biologics, growing efforts to overcome limitations related to long-term adherence, cost, and accessibility have accelerated the development of non-injectable therapeutic approaches. Oral and topical small-molecule agents, including selective tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitors and IL-23 receptor antagonists, are now broadening the therapeutic options. At the same time, progress in molecular engineering, artificial intelligence-guided protein design, and spatial multi-omic technologies are refining therapeutic discovery and enabling more precise targeting of pathogenic immune circuits. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in psoriasis pathogenesis and provide a critical overview of approved and emerging therapies directed at this pathway. We also address key biological and translational challenges, including tissue-specific cytokine functions, interspecies differences, and long-term safety considerations, and discuss how these factors may inform future strategies for precision immunotherapy in psoriasis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (Project No. RS-2021-NR061691) by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. This work was also supported by the Incheon National University Research Grant in 2021 (2021-0265). The Figure 1 was created with BioRender (http://www.biorender.com).

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