Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
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Aerodynamic and acoustic response patterns associated with cheek inflation during straw phonation: An exploratory pilot study

빨대발성 시 볼 팽창 여부에 따른 공기역학적 및 음향학적 반응 양상: 탐색적 파일럿 연구

  • Seung-Su Lee (Interdisciplinary Program of Speech-Language Pathology, The Graduate School, Yonsei University) ;
  • Hong-Shik Choi (Chun-Ji-In Institute of Vocalization)
  • 이승수 (연세대학교 일반대학원 언어병리협동과정) ;
  • 최홍식 (천지인발성연구소)
  • Received : 2026.03.07
  • Accepted : 2026.06.11
  • Published : 2026.06.30
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Abstract

This exploratory pilot study examined preliminary aerodynamic and acoustic response patterns associated with cheek inflation during straw phonation in healthy adults. Eight adults with complete pre-post data were assigned to either a cheek inflation group or a no-cheek-inflation group using a between-subjects design. Aerodynamic variables obtained using the Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS) were treated as the primary exploratory outcomes, whereas acoustic measures obtained using real-time pitch (RTP), Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), and Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV) were analyzed as secondary exploratory outcomes. Grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain (GRBAS) ratings were used as a descriptive reference to characterize the auditory-perceptual status of the healthy participants rather than as a primary outcome measure. Given the small sample size, nonparametric analyses and effect sizes were used to describe pre-post changes and between-condition change-score patterns. Pre-post comparisons showed changes in selected PAS variables, including aerodynamic power, peak air pressure, and peak expiratory airflow, while jitter was the only acoustic variable showing a pre-post change. Between-condition comparisons of change scores did not reach statistical significance. However, several PAS variables, particularly phonation time, expiratory airflow duration, and mean expiratory airflow, showed relatively large effect sizes, suggesting possible candidate variables for future investigation. These findings should not be interpreted as evidence of a definitive condition effect, but rather as preliminary observations that may inform future within-subject studies with larger samples and direct physiological measurements.

본 연구는 정상 성인을 대상으로 빨대발성 수행 시 볼 팽창 여부에 따른 공기역학적 및 음향학적 반응 양상을 예비적으로 탐색하고자 한 파일럿 연구이다. 완전한 사전-사후 자료가 확보된 성인 8명을 볼 팽창 조건과 볼 비팽창 조건에 배정하여 피험자 간 설계로 비교하였다. 공기역학적 지표는 PAS(Phonatory Aerodynamic System)을 통해 측정하였으며, 본 연구의 주요 탐색 지표로 설정하였다. 음향학적 지표는 RTP(real-time pitch), MDVP(Multi-Dimensional Voice Program), ADSV(Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice)를 통해 분석하였고, GRBAS(grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain)는 정상 음성 성인 표본의 청지각적 특성을 확인하기 위한 보조적·기술적 지표로 활용하였다. 소표본 파일럿 연구의 특성을 고려하여 비모수 통계와 효과크기를 함께 제시하였다. 사전-사후 비교에서는 공기역학적 파워(aerodynamic power), 최대 공기압(peak air pressure), 최대 호기 기류율(peak expiratory airflow) 등 일부 PAS 변수에서 변화 양상이 관찰되었으며, 음향학적 변수 중에서는 jitter에서 변화가 나타났다. 조건 간 변화량 비교에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 확인되지 않았으나, 발성시간(phonation time), 호기 기류 지속시간(expiratory airflow duration), 평균 호기류율(mean expiratory airflow)에서 상대적으로 큰 효과크기가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 볼 팽창 여부에 따른 조건 효과를 확정적으로 입증하는 근거가 아니라, 더 큰 표본과 피험자 내 설계, 직접 생리 측정을 포함한 후속 연구에서 우선적으로 검토할 공기역학적 변수 후보를 제시하는 예비적 관찰로 해석되어야 한다.

Keywords

References

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