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Purpose : To evaluate whether combining functional rehabilitation with mindfulness/meditation-based psychological interventions improves multidimensional recovery (pain, function, psychological outcomes) in athletes with musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries. Methods : This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered on Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/2GBPQ). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science for studies published from January 2015 to November 2025. Eligibility was defined by PICOS: (P) athletes with MSK injuries, (I) mindfulness/meditation combined with functional rehabilitation, (C) interventions without the psychological component, (O) pain, function, and psychological outcomes including return to sport (RTS) related variables, (S) randomized controlled trials. Three reviewers independently screened records; agreement was assessed using Fleiss' κ= 0.697. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0. Results : From 77 records, 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (total n= 332, 2018~2025; UK, Iran, India, Malaysia, USA) met inclusion criteria. Combined interventions included mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)+rehabilitation (2 studies), Yoga Asanas+physiotherapy (1), app-based short duration deep breathing (SDDB)+physiotherapy (1), and app-based mindfulness (headspace)+rehabilitation (1). Structured, higher dose programs (MBSR/Yoga) generally showed more consistent improvements across pain and function, alongside reductions in key psychological barriers (e.g., kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing). The Yoga-plus-physiotherapy trial reported large gains in pain and function versus control. Short, app/breathing-based approaches produced limited between group change in pain/function but demonstrated clearer early benefits in mindfulness, well-being, coping skills, and psychological RTS readiness; coping was strongly associated with readiness (r= 0.63). Overall risk of bias varied, with frequent limitations in blinding and outcome reporting. Conclusion : For MSK injured athletes, structured mindfulness programs integrated with rehabilitation appear most promising for simultaneous pain-function-psychological recovery, while brief digital/breathing interventions may be best positioned as early stage supports for psychological adaptation and RTS readiness. Larger, methodologically rigorous RCTs with standardized RTS outcomes and longer follow up are needed to confirm effectiveness and inform clinical implementation.

Purpose : Emerging evidence suggests that training one body region may induce neuromuscular adaptations in remote, untrained regions. However, the potential cross-transfer effects between the upper and lower extremities remain insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effects of upper extremity maximal isometric contraction training on lower extremity muscle strength and balance in healthy adults and to examine its potential, as an indirect intervention strategy. Methods : A total of 37 healthy adults were recruited and allocated to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group performed maximal voluntary isometric contraction training of both the dominant and non-dominant upper extremities, targeting the shoulder, elbow, and wrist musculature, three times per week for four weeks. The control group maintained their usual daily activities without additional intervention. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after the intervention and included lower extremity muscle strength (hip and knee movements) measured using a hand-held dynamometer, dynamic balance via the Y-Balance Test, and grip strength measured using a CAMRY dynamometer. Results : Significant time × group interactions were observed for hip adduction (dominant side, p= .005), hip abduction (non-dominant side, p= .034), and knee flexion (dominant side, p= .008). The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in bilateral hip adduction and abduction, non-dominant side hip flexion and extension, and dominant side knee flexion. Regarding balance performance, significant time × group interactions were identified bilaterally in the anterior direction and on the non-dominant side in posterolateral direction. The intervention group demonstrated significant bilateral improvements in balance abilities. No significant between-group differences in grip strength were observed. Conclusion : Upper extremity isometric training may positively influence lower extremity strength and balance, supporting the presence of inter-limb cross-transfer effects. This indirect training approach may present a useful alternative when direct lower extremity exercise is contraindicated and may have potential applications in both rehabilitation and athletic settings.

Purpose : Genu varum is characterized by medial knee deviation and an increased intercondylar distance of knees, which are associated with abnormal lower-limb alignment and altered gait mechanics, leading to various musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on knee alignment in adults with genu varum. Methods : An experimental design was employed, involving two interventions: radial ESWT and passive stretching. The ESWT used in this study was the radial type, which delivers low- to medium-energy acoustic waves over a broad area and is suitable for clinical application to soft tissue structures. A total of 60 adults who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either an ESWT group (n= 30) or a stretching group (n= 30). Both groups received intervention sessions twice per week for four consecutive weeks. Knee alignment outcomes included the quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and intercondylar distance of knees, measured using standardized procedures. All variables were assessed at baseline, at two weeks, and at four weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), with statistical significance set at p<.05. Results : The Q-angle significantly increased over time in both groups, with significant differences observed between groups as well as a significant interaction effect between time and group. The ESWT group demonstrated greater improvement in Q-angle compared with the stretching group. Intercondylar distance of knees significantly decreased over time in both groups; however, no significant differences were found between groups, and no significant interaction effect was observed. Conclusion : These findings suggest that radial ESWT is an effective conservative intervention for improving knee alignment in adults with genu varum. The therapeutic effects of ESWT may be attributed to its ability to stimulate deep soft tissue structures, reduce muscle tension.

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effects of abdominal stabilization exercise combined with McConnell taping on lumbar multifidus activation and functional disability in patients with low back pain (LBP). In particular, the study sought to determine whether the addition of McConnell taping could enhance selective activation of deep stabilizing muscles and improve clinical outcomes compared to exercise alone. Methods : Forty male participants diagnosed with chronic LBP were randomly assigned to either the McConnell taping group (MT) or the abdominal stabilization exercise group (AC). The MT group performed abdominal stabilization exercises with McConnell taping applied to the lumbar region, whereas the AC group performed identical exercises without taping. Both groups participated in a structured intervention program for four weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week and lasting 30 minutes each. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the activity of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and erector spinae (ES) muscles before and after the intervention period. Functional disability was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a widely used and validated tool for evaluating disability related to LBP. Results : The MT group showed increased bilateral LM activity and decreased ES activation compared with the AC group. In addition, the MT group demonstrated a greater reduction in ODI scores than the AC group. Conclusion : Abdominal stabilization exercise combined with McConnell taping effectively enhanced lumbar multifidus activation and reduced functional disability in individuals with LBP. The findings suggest that McConnell taping may provide passive segmental stability, thereby facilitating more efficient neuromuscular control and selective activation of deep lumbar muscles. Consequently, the combined intervention may be considered a useful clinical approach for improving stabilization training outcomes and managing chronic low back pain.

Purpose : This study aims to investigate offline medical service utilization behaviors and the acceptability and potential needs for mobile medical apps among general adults. Methods : This study conducted an online survey targeting adults residing in Korea from January 17 to January 31, 2023. For the general characteristics of the subjects and multiple-response questions, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Pearson's Chi-square test was conducted to verify differences in perceptions and needs between groups (college students/general public). Results : In this study, the biggest barriers to using offline hospitals were found to be long waiting times (44.4 %) and lack of time due to work and studies (37.6 %). As a result of responses regarding desired additional app functions, 47.9 % (112) of the total selected the self-diagnosis service for their diseases as the first priority. The discomfort regarding cost burden (incurred cost) when using hospitals was found to be significantly higher in the college student group (17.5 %) than in the general public group (5.8 %) (p= .009). On the other hand, in terms of desired app functions, the general public group (32.5 %) wanted non-face-to-face health counseling services significantly more than the college student group (20.2 %) (p= .047). However, the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for the core value of app services showed universality, converging to the 3,000 KRW level regardless of occupation or income. Conclusion : This study empirically demonstrated that the role modern medical consumers expect from healthcare applications is evolving from simple administrative tools for booking appointments into integrative medical digital intervention tools that help prevent diseases and correct posture. This study holds academic and practical significance in that it presented the practical development direction of neuromuscular management and preventive medicine applications based on consumer-centric demand data.

Purpose : To compare the effects of neck stabilization exercises using unstable surfaces (Sling and TOGU) on deep cervical flexor (DCF) thickness and craniovertebral angle (CVA) in adults with forward head posture (FHP), and to investigate the correlation between changes in these variables following a short-term intervention. Methods : Thirty adults with FHP (CVA<55 °) were randomly assigned to a Sling group (n= 10), a TOGU group (n= 10), or a control group (n= 10). Experimental groups performed selective DCF isometric contractions while maintaining neutral cervical alignment on their respective unstable surfaces. The intervention was conducted for 5 minutes daily, 5 days a week, over 2 weeks. DCF thickness was measured using diagnostic ultrasonography, and CVA was analyzed using ImageJ software from lateral photographs before and after the intervention. Results : Both the Sling and TOGU groups exhibited statistically significant increases in DCF thickness compared to the control group (p<.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the TOGU group demonstrated a significantly greater increase in DCF thickness than the Sling group. Conversely, there were no significant changes in absolute CVA values across all groups (p>.05). However, a significant positive correlation was identified between the change in DCF thickness and the change in CVA among all participants (r= 0.45, p= .012), indicating that increased deep muscle thickness is associated with improved postural alignment. Conclusion : Short-term neck stabilization exercises on unstable surfaces, particularly utilizing a TOGU, are highly effective in rapidly increasing DCF thickness in individuals with FHP. Although a 2-week period is insufficient to alter macroscopic cervical alignment, the positive correlation between DCF hypertrophy and CVA suggests that restoring deep muscle structure is a crucial prerequisite for postural correction. Future studies should incorporate longer interventions exceeding 4 weeks to confirm structural realignment.

Purpose : The calf muscle is important for body stability and balance, and muscle fatigue commonly occurs during daily life and sports activities. This study aimed to investigate temporal changes in skin sensation following the induction of gastrocnemius muscle fatigue under controlled conditions with consistent measurement procedures applied. Contrasting to previous studies that primarily examined the effects of muscle fatigue on proprioception and motor performance, this study focused on tracking the time-dependent alterations in cutaneous sensory thresholds after fatigue. Methods : The participants were 30 healthy adults in their 20s. Gastrocnemius muscle fatigue was induced by performing heel raises (30 repetitions×5 sets) with a 30s rest between each sets. Skin sensory thresholds were assessed on gastrocrnemius muscle using two-point discrimination and monofilament tests pre-fatigue, immediately post-fatigue, and 10, 20, and 30 min post-fatigue. Results : In the two-point discrimination test on gastrocnemius muscle, the threshold increased from 4.40±0.50 cm pre-fatigue to 4.95±0.54 cm at 20 min post-fatigue and decreased to 4.76±0.49 cm at 30 min. However, these changes of skin sensory were not statistically significant (p>.05). Contrastingly, the monofilament test on gastrocnemius muscle showed a significant increase in the sensory threshold from 1.84±0.45 g before exercise to 3.21±0.63 g at 20 min post-fatigue (p<.05), followed by a recovery trend to 2.76±0.43 g at 30 min. Conclusion : Skin sensation does not decrease immediately post-fatigue but reaches its lowest sensitivity approximately 20 min post-fatigue, followed by gradual recovery. These findings suggest that skin sensation reductions occur after a specific recovery interval has elapsed rather than coinciding directly with the onset of muscle fatigue. The study results may serve as a basis for interventions aimed at promoting muscle fatigue recovery in patients rehabilitation and sports settings.

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effects of Blackburn scapular stabilization exercises performed on an unstable support surface on scapular muscle activation and shoulder alignment in adults with rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Rounded shoulder posture is commonly associated with muscle imbalance around the scapula, altered shoulder mechanics, and reduced postural stability. Because these changes may contribute to shoulder dysfunction and discomfort, identifying effective exercise interventions to improve scapular stability and restore proper shoulder alignment is important in both clinical rehabilitation and exercise settings. Methods : Thirty university students with RSP were randomly assigned to either a stable support surface group (control group; CG, n= 15) or an unstable support surface group (exercise group; EG, n= 15). Both groups performed Blackburn Y-W raise exercises three times per week for four weeks. The CG performed the exercises on a stable surface, whereas the EG performed the same exercises on an unstable support surface to increase neuromuscular demand and postural control. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and pectoralis major during 90° shoulder flexion. Shoulder height was measured in the supine position as an indicator of shoulder alignment. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group comparisons. Results : After the four-week intervention, the EG showed significant increases in lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activation, while no significant changes were observed in the CG. Pectoralis major activity increased significantly in both groups. Shoulder height significantly decreased in both groups, indicating improved shoulder alignment, with a greater reduction observed in the EG compared with the CG. Conclusion : Blackburn exercises performed on an unstable support surface may be effective for improving scapular stabilization and correcting rounded shoulder posture.

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of proprioceptive training combined with body-weight-based ankle loading on static and dynamic balance in healthy adults, and examined differences according to loading intensity. Methods : Thirty healthy university students participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the magnitude of ankle loading: a control group with no additional load (0 % body weight), a group with 1 % body-weight loading, and a group with 1.5 % body-weight loading. All participants performed a proprioceptive training program three times per week for four weeks. Each training session included exercises designed to stimulate ankle proprioceptors and enhance neuromuscular control of the lower extremity. Balance ability was evaluated before and after the intervention using the Balance Master system. The assessment included the modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (Modified CTSIB), the unilateral stance test, and the limits of stability test. These tests were used to evaluate static balance, single-leg postural stability, and dynamic balance control in multiple directions. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine differences between groups and over time. Results : The results showed no significant group×time interaction for the modified CTSIB and unilateral stance tests, although significant improvements over time were observed in several variables (p<.05). In the Limits of Stability test, significant time effects were found in most movement directions, indicating improved dynamic balance following the training program. Furthermore, a significant group×time interaction was observed for backward end point excursion (EPE) (p<.01), suggesting that the magnitude of ankle loading may influence balance performance in specific directions. Conclusion : Proprioceptive training with ankle loading improves dynamic balance, and loading intensity selectively affects postural control depending on movement direction.

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the specific subcomponents of physical function that are most strongly and independently associated with depressive symptoms and overall quality of life in community-dwelling older adults with stroke. Methods : A total of 90 older adults diagnosed with stroke participated in this cross-sectional study. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among physical function, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Physical function was comprehensively assessed, including static and dynamic balance ability, spatiotemporal gait parameters (e.g., gait speed, step length, and step cycle, time on each foot), and functional gait performance using standardized clinical tests. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale, and quality of life was evaluated using a stroke-specific quality of life instrument. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to determine the strength and direction of associations among variables, and the level of statistical significance was set at p<.05. Results : Balance-related variables, including measures of static and dynamic balance, did not show significant correlations with depressive symptoms or overall quality of life (p>.05). In contrast, several gait-related parameters demonstrated statistically significant associations. Specifically, gait speed, step length, and walking endurance, as assessed by the 6-minute walk test, were significantly correlated with selected depressive symptom items as well as overall quality of life (p<.05). These findings indicate that decreased gait ability is closely associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower perceived quality of life in older adults with stroke. Conclusion : Gait ability appears to play a more critical role than balance ability in influencing psychological well-being and quality of life in elderly individuals with stroke. Improvements in gait performance, particularly gait speed and walking endurance, may contribute to reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing overall quality of life.

Purpose : This study examined the factors affecting the intention to use AI-based healthcare services by applying an integrated framework combining the Technology acceptance model (TAM) and Andersen's behavioral model (ABM). Using a large-scale, nationally representative dataset, the study tested how technology perception factors and healthcare-utilization context jointly shape users' acceptance processes. Methods : Data were obtained from the 2024 digital divide survey, national official statistics conducted by the National Information Society Agency. The analytic sample comprised 7,000 respondents from the general population. Intention to use AI-based healthcare was measured by a single item assessing future willingness. TAM constructs included perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward digital technology. ABM factors included need (health satisfaction), enabling factor (smart device capability), and behavioral factor (prior AI healthcare use). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed using SmartPLS 4.0, and hypotheses were tested via bootstrapping. Results : The core TAM relationships were supported: perceived ease of use had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and attitude; perceived usefulness positively affected attitude and intention; and attitude positively influenced intention. ABM-related factors were also significantly identified as influential factors in the acceptance process. Smart device capability showed a positive effect on perceived ease of use, and prior experience significantly affected intention. Notably, the need factor (health satisfaction) significantly influenced perceived usefulness and intention, suggesting that AI healthcare is perceived as valuable for both preventive management and health enhancement. Conclusion : The integrated TAM-ABM framework elucidates how digital perceptions and healthcare contexts drive AI healthcare adoption. Results indicate that digital attitudes, capabilities, and prior experience significantly influence intentions. Consequently, policies should aim to enhance digital literacy, provide early-use opportunities, and ensure userfriendly designs for both high-need and health-oriented groups.

Purpose : This study examined the relationship between predictive and actual performance and investigated their associations with attempt decision and physical activity in healthy young adults. It also explored whether predictive-actual performance discrepancy was related to attempt decision. Methods : Forty healthy adults in their 20s and 30s participated. Predictive and actual performance were assessed using the Y-balance test. Predictive performance was defined as the maximum reach distance participants believed they could achieve in each direction, whereas actual performance was measured during task execution. Attempt decision was operationalized as crosswalk attempt time (CAT), defined as the minimum remaining pedestrian signal time at which participants reported they would still attempt to cross after viewing a smartphone video of an actual four-lane crosswalk showing the remaining pedestrian signal time. Physical activity was assessed using smartphone-recorded weekly step count and weekly walking time. Spearman rank correlation analyses and independent-samples t-tests were conducted. Results : Predictive and actual performance were not significantly correlated on either side. Greater predictive-actual performance discrepancy was associated with shorter CAT, indicating that greater overestimation was related to a greater willingness to attempt crossing under limited time and reduced safety margin. CAT was also negatively associated with mean predictive performance across both sides, but not with mean actual performance. Physical activity variables were negatively associated with predictive-actual performance discrepancy. In group comparisons, the actual-dominant group showed longer CAT, greater weekly step count, and longer weekly walking time than the predictive-dominant group. Conclusion : Attempt decision appears to be more closely related to predictive performance and predictive-actual performance discrepancy than to actual performance alone. CAT may therefore reflect not only objective physical ability but also self-predicted capability and the directional mismatch between predicted and actual performance in healthy young adults.

Purpose : This study aims to administer the previously developed "Core competency diagnostic tool for student at a university" to current students and analyze the test results according to individual characteristics, in order to design competency-based, student-tailored curricula. Methods : A total of 2,423 students from university A participated in this study, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The reliability of the items was assessed using Cronbach's α. To examine differences by personal background, an independent samples t-test was conducted for gender differences, and ANOVA was used for differences by grade level and academic discipline. Post-hoc analysis for ANOVA was conducted using Scheffé's test due to variations in group sample sizes. Results : Regarding gender differences, male students scored statistically significantly higher than female students only in the value·attitude (VA) domain of creativity, and in the VA domain of decision-making. Female students scored significantly higher than male students in the following areas: knowledge·understanding (KU) of goal orientation; KU and process·skill (PS) of empathy; KU of adjustment ability; PS and VA of cooperation ability; and PS of implementation ability. The core competencies of students improved as their grade level increased. In particular, all components of convergence thinking and problem-solving competencies showed significant differences across grade levels, and all core competencies in the VA domain also showed significant grade-level differences. Furthermore, analysis of competency differences across academic disciplines revealed that convergence thinking, problem-solving, achievement through challenge, and collaborative practice competencies were significantly higher in students from the education discipline. Conclusion : The results of the core competency diagnosis for university students are expected to serve as fundamental data that can be utilized for continuous quality management of education in competency-based curriculum operations. Moreover, they can provide practical evidence for the actual application of competency-based, student-tailored instructional design.

Purpose : This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of leisure activities on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods : A literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published from January 2016 to October 2025 using the Korean Studies Information Service System and PubMed for domestic studies and international studies, respectively. The primary search terms encompassed "leisure activity," "cognitive function," "mild cognitive impairment," and "older adults." The literature search and research question were developed using the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome framework. The methodological quality and level of evidence of the included studies were evaluated on the basis of established evidence-level classification criteria. Results : Overall, 1,752 articles were initially identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in the final analysis. The findings revealed that leisure activities involving physical activity or creative and expressive elements were associated with improvements in, or maintenance of, global cognitive function and specific domains (e.g., memory, executive function, attention, and verbal fluency) in patients with MCI. Among the included studies, leisure activity interventions revealed positive outcomes compared with usual care, health education, or non-structured daily activities. One study reported that cognitive function was maintained rather than significantly improved, suggesting a potential role for leisure activities in slowing cognitive decline. Conclusions : Leisure activities may exemplify a meaningful nonpharmacological intervention for supporting cognitive function in patients with MCI. The findings of this review suggest that leisure activities integrating cognitive, physical, and emotional engagement can function as feasible and accessible intervention strategies in clinical and community settings. To elucidate the optimal characteristics of leisure activity interventions for individuals with MCI, further research employing standardized intervention procedures and outcome measures is warranted.

Purpose : The population with disabilities and activity limitations is increasing, and unmet dental care needs remain prevalent. Adults with activity limitations may face greater barriers to dental care due to mobility restrictions and socioeconomic constraints. This study examined the association between activity limitations and unmet dental care needs among Korean adults using nationally representative data. Methods : Data were obtained from the 7th~9th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2016~2023). Among 47,574 adults aged ≥19 years, 37,136 with complete data were included. Activity limitation and unmet dental care needs within the past year were defined as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. Covariates included age, education, income, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, toothbrushing frequency, and chronic disease status. Complex sample analyses with integrated weights were applied. Associations were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (p<.05). Results : Among participants, 6.5 % and 33.4 % reported activity limitations and unmet dental care needs, respectively. Unmet needs were more prevalent among women, middle-aged adults, individuals with lower education and income, single people, smokers, high-risk drinkers, individuals brushing less than twice daily, and those with chronic diseases (p<.05). Adults with activity limitations had a significantly higher prevalence of unmet dental care needs than those without (46.5 % vs. 32.3 %, p<.001). In logistic regression analyses, activity limitation was associated with higher odds of unmet dental care needs in the unadjusted model (OR= 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64~2.01) and remained significant after adjustment (adjusted OR= 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.46~1.84; p<.001). Conclusion : Activity limitation is an independent factor associated with unmet dental care needs. Strategies to reduce unmet needs should address both financial and accessibility barriers for adults with such limitations.

Purpose : Ballet motor learning presents a uniquely complex paradigm requiring simultaneous mastery of precise biomechanical execution and sophisticated artistic expression, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this dual demand remain insufficiently characterized. This narrative review synthesizes current neuroimaging evidence regarding sensorimotor adaptations in ballet-trained brains and examines the neural mechanisms underlying the transition from cognitive processing to selective automaticity. Methods : Following SANRA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases (January 2000~December 2025) using terms related to ballet, dance, motor learning, and neuroimaging. Inclusion criteria prioritized empirical studies employing neuroimaging modalities (fMRI, EEG, DTI, PET) with dancer populations, studies addressing motor learning or expertise development in dance contexts, and theoretical articles providing conceptual frameworks for dance neuroscience. Results : Expert dancers exhibit specialized neural architectures characterized by enhanced functional connectivity in cortico-basal ganglia loops, sensorimotor networks, and frontoparietal attention systems, alongside neuroplastic adaptations in the extended mirror neuron system, premotor cortex, and superior parietal regions. Structural changes include increased gray matter volume in the putamen and supplementary motor area, as well as enhanced cortical gyrification and white matter connectivity supporting auditory-motor integration. Notably, accomplished dancers maintain cognitive control mechanisms during well-learned sequences-a phenomenon termed "selective automaticity"-challenging classical models that assume a wholesale shift to automatic processing. Conclusion : Ballet training induces specialized neural adaptations in sensorimotor networks, cortico-basal ganglia loops, and the extended mirror neuron system. Selective automaticity involves strategic redistribution of attentional resources rather than wholesale automation, fundamentally extending classical motor learning frameworks and providing empirical foundations for a companion theoretical model addressing technical-artistic integration.

Purpose : This study examined the relationship between subjective health satisfaction and the intention to adopt AI-based healthcare among individuals with physical disabilities by focusing on the mediating role of performance expectancy. Despite the rapid expansion of AI-driven healthcare technologies, empirical evidence on acceptance mechanisms among health-vulnerable populations remains limited, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive understanding of user perceptions. Methods : Data were collected from 1,300 individuals with physical disabilities who participated in the 2024 Digital Divide Survey conducted by the National Information Society Agency. First, descriptive statistics were analyzed to examine the demographic characteristics of the sample and the distribution of key variables. Second, the reliability and validity of the measurement model were assessed using standard indicators. Third, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping was applied to analyze the structural relationships among the variables and to test the significance of the path coefficients and the mediating effect of performance expectancy. Results : The results indicated that subjective health satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on performance expectancy (𝛽 = 0.27, p<.001) and directly influenced intention to adopt AI-based healthcare (𝛽 = 0.19, p<.001). Performance expectancy partially mediated the relationship between health satisfaction and adoption intention (indirect effect: 𝛽 = 0.02, p<.05). The model demonstrated acceptable explanatory and predictive power, and no significant structural differences were observed across the disability types (upper vs. lower limbs). Conclusion : These findings suggest that acceptance of AI-based healthcare among individuals with physical disabilities is shaped not merely by technological accessibility but also by a cognitive mechanism integrating personal health perceptions and expectations of technological benefits. This study provides early empirical evidence for a health-centered acceptance framework, and offers important implications for the design and dissemination of AI-driven healthcare services targeting people with disabilities.

Purpose : This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of suicide prevention education using the 'Life Rescue Team' program for middle-aged adults. Methods : This study administered the 'Life Rescue Team' suicide prevention education program to 86 middle-aged adults residing in D Metropolitan City. For the experimental group, suicide prevention behaviors, literacy of information regarding suicidal behaviors, and perceptions of help-providing competence were measured before and after the education. The control group did not receive separate education, and their perceptions regarding suicide prevention behaviors, literacy of information regarding suicidal behaviors, and help-providing competence were investigated during the same period. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Demographic variables of the experimental and control groups were calculated as percentiles. Additionally the homogeneity of the two groups was verified using chi-square and paired-sample t-tests. Results : As a result of analyzing changes in suicide attitudes before and after the education to verify the effectiveness of the 'life rescue team' suicide prevention education, the experimental group showed a significant change in suicide prevention behaviors (t= -7.59, p<.001) compared to the control group. Significant changes were observed in the subdomains of suicidal behavior information literacy, namely crisis response/prevention (t= -2.41, p<.019), suicidal crisis signals (t= -3.84, p<.001), and suicide risk factors (t= -4.02, p<.001). Additionally, the ability to provide help significantly improved (t= -11.68, p<.001). In contrast, the control group showed no change. Conclusion : Therefore, this study verified that the suicide prevention education program 'Life Rescue Team' for middle-aged adults is effective in improving suicide prevention behaviors, suicidal behavior information literacy, and help-providing competence. To enhance the effectiveness of suicide prevention education for middle-aged adults, follow-up research is required to determine whether actual help-providing behaviors are exhibited after the education.

Purpose : This study aimed to identify factors associated with dental caries treatment experience among adults aged 20 years and older according to temporal trends, based on data from the 6^th (2013) and 9^th (2023) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dental caries treatment experience is an important indicator that reflects disease prevalence and patterns of dental service utilization. Therefore, temporal changes in dental caries treatment experience were analyzed using nationally representative data and a complex sampling design. Methods : The dependent variable was dental caries treatment experience, defined as a "yes" or "no" response to having received simple caries treatment (tooth filling) among individuals who visited a dental clinic or hospital in the past year. The final study samples comprised 2,469 and 3,422 participants in 2013 and 2023, respectively. The independent variables included general characteristics, health-related behaviors, oral health management behaviors, and occupational characteristics. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 with complex sample procedures, and statistical significance was set at p<.05. Results : Economic factors, such as household income, significantly influenced dental caries treatment, which included a high proportion of non-covered services. Higher treatment experience was observed among individuals with oral health risk factors, including toothache, perceived stress, alcohol consumption, and smoking. In addition, Younger adults showed a higher likelihood of receiving dental caries treatment than older adults. Conclusion : Educational programs aimed at improving oral health awareness and treatment needs, particularly among older populations, are required to increase dental caries treatment experience among adults. Furthermore, social awareness and public health education to reduce oral health–threatening environments and unhealthy behaviors are needed. Policy efforts should focus on improving social security systems and expanding practical financial support to address economic barriers and enhance overall oral health.

Purpose : Stress is a major determinant of physical and psychological health, particularly among adult women who frequently assume multiple social and familial roles. Prolonged stress may contribute to depression, emotional exhaustion, and burnout, impairing quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mind-body integrative health program on stress-related psychological variables in adult women. Methods : A total of 82 adult women residing in Daegu, Korea, including middle-aged women and female college students, were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental (n= 41) or control group (n= 41). Following the withdrawal of four participants, data from 78 participants (39 per group) were included in the analysis. The experimental group participated in a five-week mind-body integrative health program with weekly 120-minute sessions, including meditation, posture training, facial exercises, positive speech practice, breathing exercises, and whole-body movement. Psychological outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Hardiness Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and burnout scale. Data was analyzed using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests based on distributional assumptions, with statistical significance set at p<.05. Results : The experimental group demonstrated a significant reduction in perceived stress (19.21±3.59 to 11.00±3.49, p<.001), with no significant change in the control group. Stress hardiness significantly increased in the experimental group (105.93±10.92 to 128.79±7.89, p<.001). Depression scores significantly decreased (5.75±4.05 to 1.07±1.18, p<.001). Burnout levels among female college students (n= 22) were significantly reduced (5.60±2.52 to 3.70±2.27, p= .017). Conclusion : These findings suggest that the mind-body integrative health program may be effective in improving stress-related psychological health among adult women and serve as a valuable preventive and health-promotion strategy

Purpose : This study empirically examined the complex relationship between multidimensional vocational ability and life satisfaction among individuals with brain lesions. It aims to provide comprehensive practical and policy baseline data essential to improve sustainable employment retention and enhance the overall quality of life for this vulnerable population. Methods : For the final empirical analysis, a representative national sample comprising 1,289 individuals with brain lesions was carefully extracted from the 8th panel survey of employment for the disabled (PSED). This survey is officially conducted by the employment development institute of the Korea employment agency for persons with disabilities. Results : The primary research findings were as follows. First, demographic analysis revealed that individuals who were relatively younger, more highly educated, and currently employed exhibited significantly higher levels of both vocational ability and life satisfaction. Second, among the specific sub-factors of vocational ability, the perceived level of vocational ability and interpersonal competence had statistically significant positive (+) effects on all sub-factors of life satisfaction, including subjective health status, current level of happiness, and overall daily life satisfaction. Third, a longer working period demonstrated a statistically significant negative (-) effect on subjective health status and current happiness. Conclusion : To effectively promote successful long-term job retention and comprehensively enhance life satisfaction among individuals with brain lesions, interpersonal relationship-centered interventions that foster a positive workplace support network and improve social skills must be implemented alongside traditional simple job skills training. Furthermore, considering the inherent clinical vulnerabilities of brain lesions-where prolonged employment may paradoxically lead to physical and psychological burnout-specialized multidisciplinary interventions must be concurrently provided. These include proactive education on energy conservation techniques, ergonomic work environment assessments tailored to individual functional levels, and the active application of customized assistive technology devices.

Purpose : The present study investigates the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of sodium orthovanadate (SOV) in a kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal oxidative injury model. evaluating behavioral seizure severity using the Racine scale and electrophysiological analysis of gamma-band power spectral changes using in vivo electroencephalography (EEG). Methods : Rats (Sprague-Dawley, approximately 100-120 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, with n=10 rats per group. After initiating KA-induced oxidative distress, we injected 25 mm of SOV via intrahippocampal injection. Seizure severity was monitored for 24 hours using the Racine scale (inclusion criteria: score ≥2). Neuronal survival in the CA1 and CA3 regions was assessed via cresyl violet staining. Continuous EEG recording was performed to analyze spike frequency and gamma-band activity (20-70 Hz), with power spectral density (μV²/Hz) quantified using Welch's method (FFT). Results : The histological analysis aimed to verify the reproducibility of the KA-induced seizure model. However, the present study did not focus on evaluating SOV's neuroprotective effects through histological assessment. KA treatment induced significant neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, with behavioral seizures persisting for over 24 hours. Notably, SOV administration significantly attenuated these effects, reducing gamma-band power by 38 % at 0 h (p= 0.018) and 31 % at 24 h (p= 0.032) compared to the KA-only group. This reduction in gamma-band activity was consistent with decreased behavioral seizure frequency, suggesting that SOV effectively suppresses the electrical hyperexcitability of hippocampal neural circuits. Conclusion : Consequently, SOV reduced KA-induced gamma-band hypersynchrony and behavioral seizures, indicating its potential as a candidate for acute seizure intervention in preclinical models. Future work should elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms, enabling clinical translation for epilepsy and related hyperexcitability disorders.

Purpose : This study aimed to develop a virtual reality (VR)-based education program for fall emergency management specifically designed for home care workers and to evaluate its usability, feasibility, and educational effectiveness within the community care context. Methods : This exploratory mixed-methods study was conducted in two distinct phases: development and application. During the development phase, program content was derived from an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with 25 home care providers, including 20 care workers and 5 visiting nurses, to capture real-world emergency experiences. Content validity was rigorously tested by a panel of 10 specialists. In the application phase, the program was implemented with 12 experienced care workers. Data collection utilized the system usability scale (SUS), a structured educational effectiveness questionnaire, and focus group interviews (FGI) to gather comprehensive qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent inductive content analysis. Results : Analysis of the interviews identified five core themes: understanding the specific characteristics of home-dwelling older adults, recognizing potential emergency triggers, providing immediate and appropriate care, minimizing physical secondary injuries, and delivering accurate information to medical institutions. Expert validation confirmed high content validity, with an item-content validity index (I-CVI) exceeding 0.80 for all modules. Participants reported high usability, with an average SUS score indicating a "good" level of system acceptance. Notably, the program received peak scores for its effectiveness in improving practical knowledge and emergency management skills (4.83±5.0). Qualitative feedback highlighted strong immersion and the realism of the VR environment, although participants suggested technical refinements such as reducing device weight and enhancing audio guidance. Conclusion : The VR-based fall emergency management program is a highly effective and innovative educational strategy for enhancing the emergency response competencies of home care workers. These findings support its applicability in community-based care settings and suggest that such technology-driven training can be expanded to various emergency scenarios, ultimately improving the safety and quality of care for the elderly.

Purpose : Coffee cherry (cascara), the outer pulp of coffee fruit, contains bioactive compounds including chlorogenic acids and anthocyanins. Despite growing commercial interest following the European Food Safety Authority's 2022 approval as a novel food, no systematic review has comprehensively evaluated the in vivo biological effects of coffee cherry. This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory effects of coffee cherry in animal models, identify knowledge gaps, and provide directions for future research. Methods : Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases (searched January 14, 2026) without language or date restrictions. Eligible studies evaluated coffee cherry or its extracts in biological experimental models (mammalian and avian) with outcomes related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or metabolic effects. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Narrative synthesis was conducted due to substantial heterogeneity across studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261285208). Results : Seven studies (published 2021-2025) met inclusion criteria. In antioxidant outcomes, three studies reported restoration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase) in liver and cecal tonsil tissues. For anti-inflammatory outcomes, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) was observed in four studies across rodent and broiler models, although one topical application study did not reach statistical significance. Regarding metabolic parameters, four rodent studies reported attenuation of weight gain, reduced adiposity, improved glucose homeostasis, and decreased hepatic steatosis, though one study used a composite coffee-cocoa intervention precluding attribution to coffee cherry alone. No included study directly evaluated neuroprotective outcomes in vivo. Conclusion : The limited number of included studies (n= 7) with substantial heterogeneity in animal models, intervention formulations, and outcome measures provides only preliminary evidence for the biological effects of coffee cherry. Well-designed randomized controlled trials using standardized extracts in human populations would be valuable to further substantiate potential health claims, and mechanistic and safety data should be accumulated in parallel.