This study aims to examine the structural relationships between livelihood capitals and livelihood outcomes perceived by residents after the completion of the Rural Center Revitalization Project. Based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), livelihood capital was classified into human, social, financial, physical, and natural capital. Structural equation modeling was applied using residents' perception data. The results revealed that livelihood capitals significantly influenced livelihood outcomes, with different effects depending on outcome type. Financial capital showed the strongest positive effect on both income improvement and well-being. In contrast, human and social capital did not significantly affect income outcomes. The findings suggest that sustainable rural development requires not only physical infrastructure development but also stronger economic foundations and community-based management systems. The study provides implications for post-project management and the effective linkage of follow-up rural development initiatives.

This study aims to examine the educational needs of young and prospective farmers by farming stage and commodity type. Data were collected from 232 participants in educational programs operated by the Korea Agency of Education, Promotion and Information Service in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The Borich Needs Assessment and Locus for Focus Model (LFM) were used to identify educational priorities. The results showed high needs in agricultural policy understanding, commodity-specific technologies, crop growth management, and field-based practical competencies. Prospective farmers showed higher educational needs than young farmers. Educational needs also differed by commodity type: horticulture emphasized growth and environmental management, food crops emphasized field practice, and livestock emphasized smart agriculture and ICT utilization. These findings suggest the policy maker and educators should prioritize educational needs for young farmers according to farming farming stages and commodity characteristics within customized educational programs considering farming stages and commodity characteristics.

Sense of community is a key factor in strengthening social relationships within local communities and in improving residents' quality of life. This study aims to examine the structural relationship between perceived impacts, community participation, and sense of community among local residents involved in rural community development projects. A survey was conducted on 394 residents of Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea who participated in the Rural New Vitalization Plus Project, a representative rural community development initiative. Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that positive social impacts and negative environmental impacts fully mediated the effect of participation on sense of community, while positive economic impacts and positive environmental impacts partially mediated this effect. The findings suggest that policymakers and community practitioners and developers should prioritize cultivating positive social impacts and negative environmental impacts, alongside fostering community participation to enhance sense of community in community development process.