This study examines the terminology related to the human body found in Chao Shi Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun (諸病源候論), a state-commissioned medical text of the Sui dynasty, in order to explore the medical perception of the human body in the early seventh century. The text presents a multilayered structure of the human body, ranging from external regions such as the head and limbs to the inner layers of skin, flesh, muscle, and bone, as well as the internal organs, meridians, and vital substances-jing, shen, qi, xue, and jinye. It also describes the manifestation of diseases in relation to both anatomical location and physiological function. Some of these descriptions appear to share conceptual similarities with the Huangdi Neijing, while others reflect the medical realities and institutional context of the Sui period. Through this analysis, the study suggests that Zhubing Yuanhou Lun represents an intermediate stage in the systematization of ancient medical knowledge. Rather than offering new theoretical propositions, it embodies the process by which classical medical ideas were adapted, organized, and articulated within an official medical framework. This study may thus contribute to understanding how the conceptual foundations of East Asian medicine were gradually formed and transmitted through the institutionalization of medical texts in early medieval China.

This study compares the herbal medicine group recorded in the standard clinical practice guidelines of Korean medicine for type 2 diabetes with the herb group recorded in Samsoron(三消論) of Great Peace and Sagely Benevolence Formulas(太平聖惠方, GPSBF) and Sogalmun(消渴門) of Complete Record of Sagely Benevolence (聖濟總錄, CRSB). First, I counted all the medicinal herbs that appear in the Samsoron(三消論) of GPSBF and Sogalmun(消渴門) of CRSB. Then by adding up the number of medicinal herbs recorded in the two medical books, I identified the 15 most recorded medicinal herbs. 12 of the 15 herbs were included in standard clinical practice guidelines of Korean medicine for type 2 diabetes and 3 of them were not. Among the main medicinal herbs used in the Sogal(消渴) treatment passages in GPSBF and CRSB, there are medicinal herbs that are not included in the standard clinical practice guidelines of Korean medicine for type 2 diabetes. These herbs needs to be considered in future research or clinical practice. In addition, literature research based on Korean medical books will be necessary.

Most of the research on Majin-pyun (late Joseon Dynasty) has been conducted in relation to the controversy over the author and the composition date. As a result, research on the actual contents of the book, especially the prescription system, has been insufficient. This study attempted to clarify the prescription system of Majin-pyun by comparing the prescriptions of the other two texts on Majin, namely Magwahoe-tong and Majin Gi-bang. Most of the prescriptions for Majin-pyun overlapped with other Majin texts, and most of the overlapping prescriptions were completely identical or similar. With this discovery, it can be inducted that Majin-pyun is written under similar systems to Magwahoe-tong and Majin Gi-bang.

Yaksanhogojongbangchwalyo(若山好古腫方撮要) is a medical text written by Kang I-o(姜彝五). It is known as a handwritten manuscript focusing primarily on surgical treatment methods. Since no prior research has explored the pharmacological poems(Yakseongga, 藥性歌) included in this book, this study examined them. By comparing the pharmacological poems found in Jejungsinpyeon(濟衆新編) and Yaksanhogojongbangchwalyo, I aimed to identify the characteristics and unique features of the pharmacological poems in Yaksanhogojongbangchwalyo. In this book, effective medicinal materials are listed for each disease, followed by explanations of treatment methods using those materials. At the end of the book, a collection of pharmacological poems is appended. There are a total of 324 pharmacological poems in the book, but when duplicates are excluded, there are actually 321. These poems follow the format of four characters per line, four lines per verse, and largely derive from the pharmacological poems in Jejungsinpyeon. In Jejungsinpyeon, pharmacological poems are categorized into Chinese medicines(唐藥) and native Korean medicines(鄕藥), and 276 poems include the Korean names for the native medicines. On the other hand, in Yaksanhogojongbangchwalyo, 73 poems include information on the meridian entry, efficacy, and indications of the medicinal materials, but no distinction is made between Chinese and native medicines; instead, the Korean names are recorded for 22 medicinal materials. Most of the content about the medicinal drugs' attributive channel was confirmed to be based on the Donguibogam content. When compared with Jejungsinpyeon, many cases show that the descriptive properties of the drugs have had the cold nature, and sweet taste added or removed, but there was no case where the cold nature was deleted. This can be seen as a modification of the medicinal properties to effectively utilize the drugs for treating the specific diseases covered in the specialized book on abscess treatments.

This study investigates the medical contents of the Jejedoyeonhyeok in the Jangseogak Archives and reveals its value. The medical content of Jejedoyeonhyeok was compiled in the 1910s at Yiwangjik for reference in administrative matters. During the research process, the following facts were newly revealed: 1. This document is a resource that helps understand the organization of Sansilcheng 2. New materials that can be used for research on the history of this medical system have been added through cited references. 3. The Chunchuilgi included in the literature is a diary that has not been passed down to the present day. In particular, as it is the diary of the day of the death of Queen Hyohyun and King Cheoljong, it holds meaningful research value for the future. In conclusion, Jejedoyeonhyeok is a valuable document in the history of the medical system of Joseon and royal medical research.

This study compared and analyzed three manuscripts of Saam acupuncture, including Jeon's experience prescription, to elucidate their value. Jeon's experience prescription is valuable as a clinical resource from before the popularization of Saam acupuncture during the Japanese colonial period. During the research process, the following facts were newly revealed. 1. Jeon Yang-bok is believed to have been active in the 19th century. 2. Saamohyeong-Japcho and Saamjeongohyeong-Dan are of similar transmission series, while Saamohyeong is of a different transmission series. 3. Saam Ohaeng is closer to the original form when looking at the order and content of the items. 4. Jeon's experience prescription expanded the scope of application of existing Saam acupuncture. In particular, it supplemented its experience in treating purulent skin diseases and eye diseases. 5. Saam Ohaeng's Jeonsi Haengheombang is believed to have originally been a compilation of medical prescriptions, with only the acupuncture prescription portion being handed down to its current form. 6. Jeon's experience prescription most commonly diagnosed the cause as stomach weakness (Wiheo). In conclusion, Jeon's experience prescription reflects the efforts made during the 19th-century transmission of Saam acupuncture, broadening its scope of application and pursuing clinical convenience. However, the theoretical development of Saam acupuncture principles can be considered stagnant.Therefore, this paper cannot explain the systematic transmission process of the Saam acupuncture. It holds significance as an example of how Saam acupuncture was transmitted to later generations through the accumulation of clinical experience. The Jeon's experience represents a facet of the diversity that has allowed Saam acupuncture to remain a solid clinical technique today.

This study experimentally applied AI to analyze the modern and contemporary discursive shifts surrounding Uibangyuchwi from 1876 to 1965. Drawing on thirty-nine sources-including newspapers, academic journals, and governmental records-we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses with AI assistance. The results show that Uibangyuchwi gradually expanded in meaning: from a diplomatic gift to a scholarly and national asset, and ultimately to a foundation for asserting the historical legitimacy of Korean medicine. At the same time, the research process revealed clear technological limitations of current AI tools, including restricted access to materials, low OCR accuracy, and hallucination phenomena. Through these findings, the study identifies both the potential and the key challenges of employing AI in medical history and broader humanities research within Korean medicine.

This study investigates why the item "Sanhu-pung (801)" in the 1972 Korean Disease and Injury Classification (appendix: Korean Medicine classification) was arranged in parallel with ICD-8 674 (puerperal intracranial haemorrhage). Using close reading of the 1972 text, a cross-check with the 1979 revision, and analysis of 1960s-1970s clinical reports and classical sources, the paper shows that item 801 did not codify a popular pain label; rather, it administratively standardised a neurologic symptom cluster-consciousness disturbance, aphasia, delirium, headache, vomiting, and central facial palsy-presupposing cerebrovascular events in the puerperium. The study further argues that the parallel arrangement emerged at the junction of two contemporaneous shifts: the symptom-centered diagnostic idiom that prevailed in the pre-imaging clinical environment, and the vascular reinterpretation of the traditional "wind-blood vessel" (poong-hyeolmaek) pathology within Korean Medicine. Together these factors explain how a lay term was institutionalised as an administrative category aligned with cerebrovascular pathology, and why subitems such as "Sanhu-wasa (facial deviation)" and "Sanhu-honmo (stupor)" were foregrounded despite their low independent visibility in Western reports.

This study reinterprets the preventive philosophy of Yangsaeng Medicine (養生醫學) within the context of contemporary secondary-school nutrition education and explores how this philosophy is implemented within the 2022 Revised National Curriculum of Korea. To this end, we applied a hermeneutic qualitative research method, conducting two focus-group interviews (FGIs) with seven participants-Korean Language and Mathematics teachers and experts in curriculum and nutrition education-and used inductive content analysis to review the interview transcripts. The analysis found that the philosophy of Yangsaeng Medicine has a three-part structure : the educational transfer of prevention-centered thinking into teaching and learning, continuity across subjects, and re-contextualization for practical use. In Korean Language, students conceptualize the meanings of health and balance through linguistic reflection; in Mathematics, logical checking and data analysis strengthen self-regulatory judgment. In addition, the cross-curricular theme "Nutrition & Dietary Life" functions as a mediating space where the values of prevention, regulation, and harmony interact, indicating that the preventive philosophy of Yangsaeng is being internalized as a learning structure across the curriculum. This study makes three contributions. First, it connects the medical philosophy of Korean Medicine with the field of education in an integrated way, expanding the humanistic understanding of health. Second, by detailing how preventive philosophy is put into practice in Korean Language and Mathematics within the 2022 Revised National Curriculum of Korea, it presents a practical direction for cross-curricular integration. Third, it opens options for extending nutrition education toward the medical philosophy, medical history, and medical humanities of Korean Medicine.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a generative AI-based search framework that links symptoms and prescriptions recorded in Donguibogam, a classical Korean medical text, by utilizing ChatGPT. While traditional research in Korean medical informatics has focused primarily on terminology standardization, limitations remain in applying standardized terms to practical clinical information retrieval. Because most Korean medical symptom terms are expressed in Chinese characters and lack semantic standardization, efficient search based on meaning has been difficult. In this study, original Donguibogam data were extracted from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine’s classical literature database. Using Microsoft Access, approximately 3,800 prescriptions and 8,800 symptom terms were processed and refined. The symptom terms were semantically grouped and assigned representative natural-language keywords, which were then compiled into a CSV dataset and uploaded into the ChatGPT-4o environment. The system was configured to retrieve original symptom terms and their corresponding prescriptions when users entered natural-language symptom queries. Furthermore, when multiple symptoms were entered simultaneously, only prescriptions associated with all overlapping symptom terms were presented to enhance precision. The results demonstrated that ChatGPT-based semantic search outperformed conventional string-matching methods in both accuracy and contextual interpretation. The system effectively recognized synonymous and colloquial symptom expressions, thereby addressing the limitations of rigid term standardization in Korean medicine. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence for the feasibility of applying generative AI to clinical information retrieval in traditional Korean medicine. The proposed framework may contribute to future developments in Korean medical big data analysis, digital healthcare applications, and personalized prescription recommendation systems.