• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2013

Three isolates, E. faecium P1, P2 and P3, from intestinal drugs of three phamaceutical companies, four clinical vancomycin resistant isolates, E. faecium V1, V2, V3 and E. faecalis V4, and three isolates, E. faecalis DW01, DW07 and DW14, from infant feces were tested for the presence of virulence genes, ace, agg, esp, efaA, gelE, sprE, vanA and vanB as well as fsrABC, regulatory genes of gelE and sprE, cylMBA, cytolysin activation genes and cpd, cob and ccf, pheromone genes by PCR and for their phenotype activities such as protease, biofilm formation, cell clumping and hemolysis. The genes encoding cell surface adherence proteins, ace, agg, esp and efaA, were predominantly amplified from the vancomycin resistant strain V4 and the fecal isolates DW01, DW07 and DW14. Both protease and biofilm formation activity were detected only from E. faecalis V4 from which the PCR products of gelE and spreE as well as fsrABC were amplified. The pheromone genes were amplified from the V4, DW01, DW07 and DW14 strains and these strains showed clumping activity. Biofilm formation was observed from the strains DW01, DW07 and DW14, all of which produced PCR products of pheromone, and V4 as well. Whole cytolysin regulator genes were amplified from DW01, DW07 and DW14 and ${\beta}$-hemolysis activity was detected from these strains. Any virulence genes or activities except the pheomone gene ccf were not detected from the pharmaceutical isolates, E. faecium P1, P2 and P3.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate how certain factors-especially dietitians' general characteristics and job burnout-influence their job satisfaction and turnover intention. The survey was conducted during the period from September 7th to October 15th of 2006. A total of 91 institutions(response rate 74.6%) was analyzed by using SPSS(windows ver. 14.0). A majority of the respondents were females(97.8%) and 30 years or older(66.0%). Among the job burnout dimensions, exhaustion($2.78{\pm}0.07$) was rated higher than cynicism($2.62{\pm}0.06$), while the professional efficacy level($3.55{\pm}0.05$) was relatively high. The dietitians were more satisfied with co-workers($3.73{\pm}0.07$) and work($3.41{\pm}0.06$) than with pay($2.66{\pm}0.07$) and promotion($2.32{\pm}0.07$). The work dimension of job satisfaction was negatively correlated with exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of job burnout, and turnover intention(p<0.001), but positively correlated with professional efficacy dimension(p<0.001). The supervision dimension was negatively correlated with cynicism(p<0.05) and turnover intention(p<0.001), but positively correlated with professional efficacy dimension(p<0.01). The co-workers dimension was positively correlated with professional efficacy dimension(p<0.01). The pay dimension was negatively correlated with exhaustion(p<0.001) and cynicism(p<0.01) dimensions and turnover intention(p<0.001). The promotion dimension was negatively correlated with cynicism(p<0.01). The turnover intention was positively correlated with exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of job burnout(p<0.001). A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that i) professional efficacy was a factor to significantly increase job satisfaction, ii) cynicism to significantly decrease their job satisfaction, and iii) exhaustion to significantly increase turnover intention.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2019

In this study, prepolymer was synthesized through the reaction of isoporon diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylolbutanoic acid (DMBA) based on poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG) for the synthesis of water-soluble polyurethane to be used as a leather surface coating applied with ethyl acetate and piperazine. Thereafter, the piperazine was chain-extended with 0.01 M, 0.03 M, 0.05 M, and 0.07 M in the water-dispersed resin, and the tensile strength, elongation, CV (cyclic voltammetry), and solvent resistance analysis were performed. Tensile strength of the prepared sample was measured at 5.422 kg_f/㎟ when the piperazine content was 0.07M, and elongation was measured as 587% when the piperazine was 0.01M. Solvent resistance analysis showed the same solvent resistance regardless of piperazine content, and the redox potential was changed according to piperazine content through CV measurement.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2021

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to a comparison of physical fitness according to the body mass index (BMI) of Chinese college students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: According to the BMI, the research objects are divided into four types: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. This research took 26,976 college students who participated in Jiujiang College. It examines BMI, 50m, vital capacity, standing long jump, sitting forward bend, sit-up (female), pull-up (male), 800m (female), 1000m (male) which is to research the correlation between different BMI and other indicators. Results: The physical qualities of students with normal weight are significantly better than those with other BMI groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that male BMI was positively correlated with vital capacity (r=0.07, p<0.01), 50m (r=0.15, p<0.01) and 1000m (r=0.14, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with standing long jump (r=-0.12, p<0.01), sitting forward bend (r=-0.06, p<0.01) and pull-up (r=-0.13, p<0.01); Female BMI was positively correlated with vital capacity (r=0.03, p<0.01), 50m (r=0.21, p<0.01) and 800m (r=0.18, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with standing long jump (r=-0.07, p<0.01), sitting forward bend (r=-0.11, p<0.01) and sit-up (r=-0.10, p<0.01). Conclusion: Overweight and underweight will affect the physical quality of college students. Students should keep their BMI within the normal range for their health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.418-428
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• 1990

This study measured each daily intake and excretion of iron copper and cobalt of eight 20-26 years old college men during four weeks by means of analyzing their food intake urine and feces keeping their normal living pattern and maintenance body weight. This study also compared the actual measurement value of iron intake by atomic absorption spectrophoto-meter with the conversion value of it by food table. The results were as follows. Each person's average intake daily was iron 9.19±0.32mg/day, copper 0.56±0.06mg/day and cobalt 1.86±0.18mg/day. Each person's average urinary excretion daily was iron 0.53±0.07mg/day, copper 0.07±0.03mg/day and cobalt 0.13±0.01mg/day. Each person's average fecal excretion daily was iron 1.73±0.14mg/day copper 0.16±0.01mg/day and cobalt 0.46±0.08mg/day. The actual measurement value was 9.19±0.32mg/day and its conversion value 14.07±0.29mg/day : the former was 35% lower than the latter.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 1969

The present investigation involves a comparative study of enzymatic activities in various animals. The levels of the liver protein of rat (22.0$\pm$0.01mg/ml and pigeon (22.0$\pm$ 0.16) are twice as high as that of crucian carp (13.0$\pm$ 0.09)(p < 0.01). Generally, the specific acitivity (3.77 $\pm$0.18 unit/mg) of rat glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) is highest, pigeon intermediate (1.93 $\pm$0.01), and crucian carp lowest (0.71$\pm$0.07). On the other hand, the specific activity (8.23$\pm$0.09 unit/mg)of rat glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is highest, pigeon intermediate (3.95$\pm$0.09), and crucian carp lowest (0.92$\pm$0.01) (p < 0.01). Ratios of GOT activity to GPT activity appear no remarkable difference from the levels of various animals. Specific activity of glutamic dehydrogenase(GDH) in pigeon tissue exceeds those of rat and crucian carp. In liver, rat GOT specific activity is greater than crucian carp and pigeon. On the other hand, pigeon GDH specific activity is greater than those of rat and crucian carp. This wouls seem to be in accord with protein metabolic intensity. The patterns for GDH isozyme were remarkably appeared in various animals. Glutamic dehydrogenase isozymes gave different electrophoretic mobilities in various animals. It is interesting that crucian carp, pigeon, and rat would show this difference, which may be indicative of an evolutional pattern. The fact that livers in various animals show quite different enzyme activities would suggest the existence of such a general phylogenetic relationship.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.20
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• pp.5-27
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• 2010

This paper studies the relation between canonical/variegated babble (CB/VB) and early speech in an infant acquiring Mandarin Chinese from 9 to 17 months. The infant was audio-and video-taped in her home almost every week. The data analyzed here come from 1,621 utterances extracted from 23 sessions ranging from 30 minutes to one hour, from age 00:09;07 to 01:05;27. The data was digitized, and segments from 23 sessions were transcribed in narrow IPA and coded for analysis. Babble was coded from age 00:09;07 to 01:00;00, and words were coded from 01:00;00 to 01:05;27, proto-words appeared at 11 months, and some babble was still present after 01:10;00. 3821 segments were counted in CB/VB utterances, plus the segments found in 899 word tokens. The data transcription was completed and checked by the author and was rechecked by two other researchers who majored in Chinese phonetics in order to ensure the reliability, we reached an agreement of 95.65%. Mandarin Chinese is phonetically very rich in consonants, especially affricates: it has aspirated and unaspirated stops in labial, alveolar, and velar places of articulation; affricates and fricatives in alveolar, retroflex, and palatal places; /f/; labial, alveolar, and velar nasals; a lateral;[h]; and labiovelar and palatal glides. In the child's pre-speech phonetic repertoire, 7 different consonants and 10 vowels were transcribed at 00:09;07. By 00:10;16, the number of phones was more than doubled (17 consonants, 25 vowels), but the rate of increase slowed after 11 months of age. The phones from babbling remained active throughout the child's early and subsequent speech. The rank order of the occurrence of the major class types for both CB and early speech was: stops, approximants, nasals, affricates, fricatives and lateral. As expected, unaspirated stops outnumbered aspirated stops, and front stops and nasals were more frequent than back sounds in both types of utterances. The fact that affricates outnumbered fricatives in the child's late babble indicates the pre-speech influence of the ambient language. The analysis of the data also showed that: 1) the phonetic characteristics of CB/VB and early meaningful speech are extremely similar. The similarities of CB/VB and speech prove that the two are deeply related; 2) The infant has demonstrated similar preferences for certain types of sounds in the two stages; 3) The infant's babbling was patterned at segmental level, and this regularity was similarly evident in the early speech of children. The three types being coronal plus front vowel; labial plus central and dorsal plus back vowel exhibited much overlap in the phonetic forms of CB/ VB and early speech. So the child's CB/ VB at this stage already shared the basic architecture, composition and representation of early speech. The evidence of similarity between CB/VB and early speech leaves no doubt that phones present in CB/VB are indeed precursors to early speech.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.789-796
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• 2009

Benzoic acid (BA) and sorbic acid (SA) are the preservatives most commonly used in food. Although BA and SA are generally safe, some previous studies have shown that consumption of excessive amounts of these food additives can be a health hazard. The aim of this study was to determine the amounts of BA and SA in processed foods in Korea. Different brands of fruit juice, yogurt, cheese, dried fruits, jam, and margarine were purchased at a local market in Daejeon, Korea. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a UV detector. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a C18 column. Methanol acetate buffer (pH 4.4) at a 35:65 v/v ratio was used as the initial mobile phase to elute BA and SA. The detector wavelength was set at 254 nm. The average test results observed for BA concentrations in fruit juice, yogurt, cheese, dried fruits, jam, and margarine were $40.26{\pm}0.02$, $2.07{\pm}0.06$, $0.02{\pm}0.09$, $0.36{\pm}08$, $265.30{\pm}0.02$, and $27.34{\pm}0.08\;mg/kg$, respectively. Average concentrations of SA in these samples were $0.92{\pm}0.06$, $1.06{\pm}0.07$, $7.30{\pm}0.01$, $14.14{\pm}0.08$, $25.65{\pm}0.06$, and $4.81{\pm}0.07\;mg/kg$, respectively. Thus, the average levels of BA and SA in the studied food items were lower than the KFDA-permitted limits. Moreover, the estimated daily intake of both BA and SA by a typical consumer were below the maximum recommended daily values.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

From August 2000 to August 2001, 9 variables of physicochemical factors and phytase activity were investigated at 4 sites in the River Yungpyung and the influences of Physicochemical factors to Phytase activity were analyzed. Phytase activities of Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, and Site 4 varied between N.D ∼566 nmol/ ι /hr, N.D \" 434 nmol/ ι /hr, N.D ∼557 nmol/ ι /hr, and N.D ∼723 nmol/ ι /hr, respectively. The activities of summer season were higher than those of other season. But the activities were not detected on the winter season. The phytase activity and temperature showed high correlation. The correlation coefficients of Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, and Site 4 were 0.82(p<0.01).0.92(p<0.01),0.87(p<0.01), and 0.88(p<0.01), respectively. The phytase activity and NOI₃/sup -/ ion showed negative relation(r=-0.59, p<0.05) at Site 1. And the phytase activity had relation with Zn/sup 2+/at Site 2(r=().57, p<0.05) and Site 3(r=0.7E, p<7.07).