• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1559-1563
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• 2009

SBO와 GMO의 몰비율 1:2의 기질에 Lipozyme RMIM을 총 기질 질량의 10%를 사용하여, impeller를 장착한 회분식반응기를 통해 DAG 함유 유지의 대량합성을 실시하였다. 반응시작 후 1 hr부터 6 hr까지 total DAG의 함량은 25.4-27.7 g/100 g oil로 나타났으며, 6 hr 반응하였을 때 TAG의 함량은 32.2 g/100 g oil으로 감소하였다. 반응 완료 후 분자증류를 통해 MAG와 FFA를 제거하였으며 NP-HPLC를 통해 분자증류 전과 후의 TAG와 DAG 함량변화를 알아보았다. 분자증류 전의 TAG와 DAG의 함량은 각각 7, 59 area%였으며, 분자증류 후에는 각각 29, 71 area%로 나타나 TAG와 DAG의 함량이 분자증류를 하기 전보다 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 분자증류를 거친 DAG 함유 유지의 주요한 지방산은 C18:1과 C18:2로 그 함량은 각각 44.36%와 37.36%로 나타났으며, trans 지방산의 함량은 1.72%로 나타났다. 그리고 분자증류를 거친 DAG 함유 유지의 산가와 요오드가는 각각 0.13과 112.6이었다. SFC분석 결과, 분자증류를 거친 DAG 함유 유지는 SBO보다 높은 온도인 25$^{\circ}C$에서 대부분 융해되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 융점 피크는 -25.0, 0.1, 11.2$^{\circ}C$ 에서 나타났고, 결정화 피크는 -16.2$^{\circ}C$ 에서 보였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2014

Diacylglycerol-oil (DAG oil) and four kinds of fatty acids [C16:0, C18:0, perillar oil-hydrolyzate(C18:3, 59.7%) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA, C22:6, 63.7%)] were enzymatically esterified with 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:1.5 molar ratio (DAG oil: fatty acids) to produce structured DAG. The reaction mixture were catalyzed by addition of sn-1,3 specific Lipozyme RMIM with 10 wt% of total substrates, and reacted for 1, 3, 6 and 24 hr at $62^{\circ}C$ with 220 rpm on the shaking water bath. The produced DAG were analyzed by TLC. In the result, the proportion of each fatty acid [(C16:0, C18:0, perilla oil-hydrolysate(C18:3, 59.7%) and DHA(C22:6, 63.7%)] on DAG products were increased as molar ratios of substrate increased. Among them, DHA showed the least reaction rate in which 24.2 % of DHA was found in the structured DAG molecules after 24 hr reaction with 1:1.5 molar substrate amount ratio.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.509-514
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• 1991

The effect of diacylglycerol on glucose release was studied by using 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol ($diC_8$), a cell permeable diacylglycerol, in perfused rat liver. The glucose release was increased by $diC_8(50\;{\mu}M$), and the effect was depended on calcium ions. The increment of glucose release by $diC_8(50\;{\mu}M$) was inhibited by indomethacin ($50\;{\mu}M$); the amount of glucose release was almost the same with that of control group. Arachidonic acid($200\;{\mu}M$) also increased glucose release and the release was inhibited by indomethacin. There was no synergistic effect on glucose release by the combination of $diC_8(50\;{\mu}M$) and phenylephrine($10\;{\mu}M$).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-167
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• 1998

Bis-${\gamma}$-lactones (1,2) having a perhydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1,4-dione skeleton were designed as conformationally constrained diacylglycerol analogues. They were synthesized from D-apiose in 11 steps, and evaluated as $PKC-{\alpha}$ ligands by measuring their ability to displace bound $^3H$]PDBU from the enzyme. The compounds showed moderate binding affinities with $K_i$ values of 13.89 (${\pm}5.67$) ${\mu}M$ and 11.47 (${\pm}0.89$) ${\mu}M$, respectively. Their similar binding affinities indicate that these two bicyclic compounds were not effectively discriminated by $PKC-{\alpha}$ in terms of the direction of the side chain as other ligands built on similar bis-${\gamma}$-lactones.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of dietary calcium(Ca) level on colonic mucosal levels of cell proliferation, 1, 2-diacylglycerol(DAG), TXB2, PGE2 and phospholipid fatty acid composition which have been known as biomarkers for colon cancer. One hundred male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into two fat type groups. Each group of which was further divided into two Ca level groups. Each rt was intramuscularly injected with 1, 2,-dimenthylhydrazine(DMH) for 6 weeks (total dose of 180mg/kg body weight) and simultaneously fed one of four experimental diets containing 15% dietary fat(corn oil or perilla oil )and 0.3% or 1.0% Ca by weight for 20 weeks. Compared to corn oil, perilla oil significantly reduced cell proliferation by decreasing labeling index, proliferating zone, crypt length in colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa and colonic mucosal levels of DAG, TXB2 . PGE2 and phospolipid (PL) arachidonic acid distribution. The effect of Ca on biomarketrs was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed . Ca effect of Ca on biomarkers was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed. Ca effect was not significantly shown in the PO group, but it was significant in the CO group in which high Ca(1.0%) decreased the levels of levels of PL-C20 : 4(%), DAG and PGE2 . However , high Ca supplementation had shown only the trends of improving cell proliferation. Overall , high dietary Ca significantly reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoid and DAG with reduced distribution of PL-C20 : 4 , which may have resulted in lower activation of PKC through reduced signal transduction. Since a high level of dietary Ca was more effective in reducing the risk factor against colon cancer in corn oil fed rats, it could be suggested that a higher amount of dietary Ca be consumed , especially when more vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid is included in the diet.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 1989

난자성숙 재개와 1-세포기 배아의 세포주기에서, cAMP-의존성 protein kinase A와 diacylglycerol-의존성 protein kinase C가 핵막붕괴에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 난자성숙 재기는 dbcAMP, IBMX, TPA, 또는 diacyllycerol에 의해 억제되었다. 또한 protein kinase A와 protein kinase C 활성제를 같이 처리하면 난자성숙이 더욱 억제되었다. 그러나 1-세포기 배아의 전핵막붕괴에는 아무런 영향도 미치지 못하였으며, 단지 protein kinase C 활성제만이 세포질 분열을 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, protein kinase A와 protein kinase C에 의한 단백질 인산화 양상이 GV난자의 핵막붕괴와 1-세포기 배아의 전핵막붕괴에 미치는 세포내 작용기작은 상이함을 알 수 있었으며, 전기영동 결과, 81 KD 단백질이 난자성숙 재개에 중요한 역할을 하리라 사료되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to demonstrate whether or not bradykinin activates a phospholipase D in rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells. By measuring the formation of [$^3$H]phosphatidic acid and [$^3$H]phosphatidylethanol we could elucidate the direct stimulation of phospholipase D by bradykinin. Bradykinin leads to a rapid increase in [$^3$H]phosphatidic acid and [$^3$H]diacylglycerol, and [$^3$H]phosphatidic acid formation preceded the formation of [$^3$H]diacylglycerol. This result suggests that some phosphatidic acid seems to be formed directly from phosphatidylcholine by the action of phospholipase D, not from diacylglycerol by the action of diacylglycerol kinase. In addition, the other mechanisms by which phospholipase D is activated was examined. We have found that phospholipase D was activated and regulated by extracellular calcium ion and pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein, respectively. It has also been shown that bradykinin may activate phospholipase D through protein kinase C-dependent pathway. In conclusion, we are now, for the first time, strongly suggesting that bradykinin-induced activation of phospholipase D in the rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells is mediated by a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein and is dependent of protein kinase C.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers esterified in diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich oil on lipid metabolism was investigated. Since dietary DAG has been known to induce the regression of atherosclerosis, CLA-DAG and olive-DAG oils containing similar levels of DAG (51.4~54.2%) were synthesized from olive oil. Hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice were then fed high-fat high-cholesterol diets supplemented with these oils (5% each) for 7 wk. The CLA-DAG diet containing 2.1% CLA isomers (0.78% c9,t11-CLA; 1.18% t10,c12-CLA) remarkably increased the levels of total plasma cholesterol and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) along with hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents. Furthermore, the CLA-DAG diet inhibited fat uptake into adipose tissue whereas fat deposition (especially in the liver) was increased, resulting in the development of fatty livers. Hepatic fatty acid composition in the CLA-DAG mice was different from that of the olive-DAG mice, showing higher ratios of C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 in the liver. The activity of hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) was higher in CLA-DAG mice while plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were lower in CLA-DAG mice compared to the olive-DAG animals. Results of the present study suggest that CLA incorporation into DAG oil could induce atherosclerosis in mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2007

홍국쌀을 $35^{\circ}C$, 175 rpm에서 80% ethanol을 이용하여 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24시간 단위로 개별적으로 에탄올 추출한 결과, 1시간(yield, 1.203%) 이후의 추출 시간 증가는 추출율의 증가에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 1시간 추출한 홍국쌀 에탄올 추출물을 각각 600(A), 1200(B), 1800(C), 2280(D) ppm 함유하는 기능성 유지를 제조하였다. 기능성 유지의 색도는 추출물의 함유 농도가 높아짐에 따라 $L^*$ 값이 유의적으로 감소되며, $a^*$ 값 및 $b^*$ 값은 유의적으로 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 기능성 유지의 monacolin K 및 총 페놀 함량은 추출물 첨가량의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가되는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). Rancimat$(98^{\circ}C)$ 분석을 실시한 결과, 기능성 유지의 induction time이 각각 control(4.3 hr), A(3.2 hr), B(2.6 hr), C(2.4 hr), D(2.2 hr)로 추출물 첨가 농도의 증가에 따라 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 산화 안정성의 보강이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 전자코에 의해 얻어진 각 시료의 센서의 감응도$({\Delta}R/R_0)$를 이용한 주성분분석 및 MANOVA 분석 결과, 제1주성분 기여율은 99.66%로 분석되었으며 함유된 추출물의 함량 증가에 따라 각각 차별적인 향 패턴(odor difference)을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. SPME-GC/MS에 의한 휘발성분 분석 결과, 기능성 유지에서 홍국쌀 에탄올 추출물로부터 기인되는 특유의 휘발성분은 관찰되지 않았으나, RT=12.1 min인 hexanal의 함량이 control에 비하여 유의적인 감소 경향을 나타내는 것이 확인되었다(p<0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.813-822
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to prepare diacylglycerol (DAG) by enzymatic glycerolysis of lard. The effects of reaction parameters such as lipase type, reaction temperature, enzyme amount, substrate molar ratio (lard/glycerol), reaction time, and magnetic stirring speed were investigated. Lipozyme RMIM was found to be a more active biocatalyst than Novozym 435, and the optimal reaction conditions were 14:100 (W/W) of enzyme to lard substrate ratio, 1:1 of lard to glycerol molar ratio, and 500 rpm magnetic stirring speed. The reaction mixture was first incubated at $65^{\circ}C$ for 2 h and then transferred to $45^{\circ}C$ for 8 h. At the optimum reaction conditions, the conversion rate of triacylglycerol (TAG) and the content of DAG in the reaction mixture reached 76.26% and 61.76%, respectively, and the DAG content in purified glycerolized lard was 82.03% by molecular distillation. The distribution of fatty acids and Fourier transform infrared spectra in glycerolized lard samples were similar to those in lard samples. The results revealed that enzymatic glycerolysis and molecular distillation can be used to prepare more highly purified DAG from lard.