• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.754-758
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• 2004

To test the cytoprotective effect of sophorae radix (SR) against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cytotoxicity, we investigated the cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in the presence of methylene chloride, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and water soluble fraction of SR water extracts in H9c2 cells. These results were obtained as followed; H₂O₂ decreased the cell viability of H9c2 cells in a dose dependent manner. Cells pretreated with SR water extracts were protected the H₂O₂-induced decrease of viability in H9c2 cells. Among organic solvents fractions of SR water extracts, ethyl acetate soluble fractions of SR protected the decrease of viability induced by H₂O₂ in H9c2 cells. These results suggest that ethyl acetate soluble fractions of SR water extracts is effective in the prevention of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the whitening and anti-oxidant activity of 37 Jeju island native plants. The active ingredients of the plants were prepared by methanol extraction. Whitening activity of plant extracts was examined from the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and the inhibition of melanin synthesis of the B16-F1 cell line. Their anti-oxidant activity was measured by electron donating ability of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activity in V79-4 lung fibroblast cells using DCF-DA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate). Cytotoxicity of the extracts on cell s based experiments was investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Also, the toxicity test using a rabbit and the human skin patch test were carried out for examining the safety of the extracts which showed the high whitening activity. It is interesting that the extracts of Lespedeza cuneata, Ligustrum lucidum (stem), Morus bombycis (stem) and Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina showed both potent whitening and anti-oxidant activities.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

Cannabidiol derivatives (1, 2 and 3), 5-fluorouracil (4, 5-FU) and adriamycin (5, AM) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against human tumor cell lines using two different 3-{4,5-dimeth-ylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. The light microscopic study showed morphological changes of the treated cells. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by colorimetric methods; MTT assay and STB assay. These results suggest that cannabidiol (1, CBD) retains the most growth-inhibitory activity against human tumor cell lines.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.353-356
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• 1998

Geraniol (1), olivetol (2), cannabinoids (3 and 4) and 5-fluorouracil (5) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against human oral epitheloid carcinoma cell lines (KB) and NIH 3T3 fibrobalsts using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. Cannabigerol (3) exhibited the highest growth-inhibitory activity against the cancer cell lines.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.335-337
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• 1997

In this study, we show a convenient MTT assay for detect the susceptibility of yeast-like form of Trichosporon beigelii against antifungal agents. This assay was developed based on mitocondrial respiration by determining reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan. Cells of T beigelii are seeded into 96-well microtiter plates, and antifungal agents, amphotericin B, magainin and CA-ME hybrid peptide were added with various concentrations. After 24 hr incubation, MTT was added, then incubations were continued for 4 hr. Formazan formation was quantified photometrically after extraction of the formazan with acid sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS). From this assay, we could obtained MICs of antifungal agents against T. beigelii. The presented method can easily be used as an effective methods to assess the antiftingal action of various agents on yeasts with minimal amounts of antifungal agents.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 1998

In the present study, we were evaluated cytotoxic effects of epigallocatechin gallate in human skin melanoma cells such as HTB-69. The light microscopic study showed morphological changes of the treated cells. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by colorimetric methods; 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, neutral red (NR) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. These results suggest that epigallocatechin gallate retains a potential antitumor activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.310-319
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• 2001

To compare skin irritation and cytotoxicity of anti-wrinkle agents, we examined skin irritation of six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB) in New Zealand white rabbit. Cytotoxicity of these agents was determined by MTT [tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] at multi-time points in cultured HaCaT cell, a human immortalized keratinocyte cell. We then analyzed correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity by spearman's rank correlation analysis. All trans-retinoic acid showed the highest primary irritation index (0.92) in skin irritation test. Being all the six agents not irritant, retinal showed the most cytotoxic agents. The correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$/ at different time point was 0.814, 0.757, 0.814 and 0.7 at 3, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. We also fecund that IC$_{20}$ and IC$_{80}$ of these agents showed similar correlation with skin irritation. These results therefore demonstrated that there is close correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity $IC_{50}$/ value by MTT in HaCaT cell at early time points by anti-wrinkle agents or IC$_{20}$ value. $IC_{50}$/ at earily time point or IC$_{20}$ values may be reliable alternative determinant of skin irritation.n.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2008

A new method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of vitro-cultured bacteria on an ordinary fluorescence spectrometer was developed. The viable bacteria reduced 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to produce insoluble particles that displayed intense resonance scattering light. The assay showed a linear relationship between the number of viable bacteria and the intensity of resonance scattering light. Dead bacteria were unable to reduce MTT. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to flavonoids from Marchantia convoluta showed a flavonoids concentration-dependent inhibition of the ability to reduce MTT. In the assay, less than 12 h was required to attain susceptibility results and fewer bacteria were utilized than in traditional methods. The RLS technique could, in combination with the MTT assay, be a rapid and sensitive measuring method to determine the in vitro activity of new antimicrobials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.523-532
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• 2014

This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant effect of oak hot water extracts on the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytotoxicity of $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for the cell viability according to the dose-dependent treatment. Oak extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent ability to inhibit $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in cultured tenofibroblasts, as assessed by MTT assay and FACS analysis. $H_2O_2$ increased the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, treatment with oak extracts was decreased this activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, as confirmed by western blot analysis, and reduced the production of ROS, as verified by fluorescent microscopic and flow cytometry (FACS) analyses. These findings suggest that oak extracts, by suppressing JNK, ERK1/2, and intracellular ROS production, have a concentration-dependent antiapoptotic effect on achilles tenofibroblasts exposed to an oxidative stressor, and may have therapeutic potential.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.337-344
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• 2015

Medicinal plants containing wellness-fusion-complex compound are increasingly being pursued as suitable alternative sources of various biological properties. In this study, inhibitory effect of Quintinia acutifolia, which is a New Zealand plant, on P388 murine lymphocytic leukemia cells using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay. Based on $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$ spectral data and other spectral analysis, 2,3,2'',3''-tetrahydroochanaflavone (1) and 2'',3''-dihydroochana-flavone (3) inhibited the leukemia cells were purified from the plants. 2,3,2'',3''-tetrahydroochanaflavone (1) and 2'',3''-dihydroochana-flavone (3) are biflavonoids possessing two basic flavonoids and actively inhibited growth of P388 murine lymphocytic leukemia cells with a 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of $8.2{\mu}g/mL$ and $3.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Specially, 2'',3''-dihydroochana-flavone (3) possessed unconjugated flavonone system, which isn't consist of a pair with B ring of 2,3,2'',3''-tetrahydroochanaflavone (1). Therefore, the two compounds could be considered as a candidate for development of anticancer drugs and need to much studies in the future.