• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

In order to find novel cancer chemopreventive agents, quinone reductase (QR) inductive activity of methanol extract of herbal medicines was examined using murine hepatoma, hepa1c1c7 cells. QR has been used as an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme in cancer chemoprevention study. The methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum (Zingiberace) showed showed significantly strong quinone reductase inductive activity compared to the control group. The methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum was successively fractionated with various solvents according to polarity. Hexane, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water fractions were obtained and theirs activities were assessed. The QR inductive effect was moved to the ethyl acetate fraction and was highly increased. The CD (concentration required to double the specific activity of QR) value of ethyl acetate fraction was 8.6 ${\mu}g/mL$. Alpinia officinarum also showed strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Alpinia officinarum can be developed as cancer chemopreventive agent.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2002

The 70% ethanol extract of Alpinia officinarum and its major flavonoid, galangin showed strong antioxidative effect on the lipid peroxidation of ethyl linolate with Fenton's reagent and free radical scavenging effect to DPPH radical generation. However, they did not reveal any pro-oxidant effect on bleomycin-Fe(III) dependent DNA degradation. They also showed the protective effect against $H_2O$$_2$, KO$_2$ or UV-induced cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. They also showed the suppressive effect of DNA damage induced by $H_2O$$_2$ or KO$_2$ with dose-dependent manner in single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) assay. On the other hand, they have an anticlastogenic effect against adriamycin-induced micronucleated reticulocyte in peripheral blood of mice. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition by 70% ethanol extract of Alpinia officinarum and galangin against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced genotoxicity or cytotoxicity is due, at least partly, to their antioxidative and free radical scavenging properties without pro-oxidant effect. All these results indicate that 70% ethanol extract of Alpinia officinarum and galangin may be useful for protection against ROS-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.496-500
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate anti-tumor activity and detect what compounds affect its activity form $Alpinia$ $officinarum$ Hance. Two fractions, methanol and ethylacetate, were isolated by Amberlite XAD-2 resin column chromatography from methanol extract of the rhizomes of $Alpinia$ $officinarum$. In hollow fiber assay, the methanol extract and methanol fraction were found to inhibit the tumor growth against colon tumor cell lines such as Colo-320, HCT116 and WiDr. Three diarylheptanoids [5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone, 5-hydroxy-7-(4"-hydroxy-3"-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone and 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptane] and two flavonoids [galangin and kaempheride] were isolated and identified from the methanol fraction, which is higher activity than ethylacetate fraction. Among these diarylheptanoids and flavonoids, 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptane, galangin and kaempheride as active components on anti-tumor activity were mainly posited in methanol fraction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of galangin and the 70% ethanolic extract of Alpinia officinarum (AO) toward $KBrO_3$-induced DNA and chromosomal damage in mice. Galangin and AO inhibited the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH2'dG) as an indicator of DNA oxidative damage in the liver cell. Galangin and AO showed the inhibitory effect on the formation of DNA single strand break in the splenocyte by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and also inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of peripheral blood in tail blood of mice. Vit-E revealed antigenotoxic effects in DNA and chromosome levels, but galangin was more potent active compound compare to vit-E under our experimental conditions. The results suggest that the extract of Alpinia officinarum containing galangin can modify the oxidative DNA and chromosomal damage and may act as chemopreventive agent against oxidative stress in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.511-515
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• 2014

In a screen for plant-derived inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, a flavonol isolated from the chloroform extract of Alpinia officinarum was isolated. The structure of the flavonol was found to be 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (galangin, GLG) by using spectroscopy. GLG exhibited an inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$ value: $26.8{\mu}M$) on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Moreover, GLG suppressed expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.1 s.144
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• pp.56-59
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• 2006

The vascular relaxant effets of Alpinia officinarum(Zingiberaceae) were evaluated on isolated thoracic aorta from rats. The methanolic extract of rhizome of Alpinia officinarum caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of rat aortic preparations precontracted with $0.3{\mu}M$ phenylephrine, The intensive investigation of the extract by way of activity-guided fractionation led us to yield three kind of active components, galangin(1), kaempferide(2), and kaempferol(3), which were responsible for the vasodilating property of the extract. Stuctures of the isolated active components were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.334.2-334.2
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• 2002

As the part of our continuing study for antihyperlipidemic agents from the herbal medicinal resources. we examined the possibility of the ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia officinarum water extract in vitro and in vivo. We isolated some compounds from the ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia officinarum and measured their antihyperlipidemic activities. The active components isolated by silicagel column lmproved serum TG. HDL and LDL level in corn oil feeding and triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic mice. The most active compound was 3-Methylethergalangin. Consequently. these biologically active gerbal functional foods could be used for preparing the healthy food which might diabetas. hyperlipidemia and other disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2015

Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma (the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance, known as lesser galangal), a family of Zingiberaceae, has been used to reduce pain of infection and inflammatory diseases in Asian countries. The present study was focused to evaluate the inhibitory degranulation effect of Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract in RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187. Mast cell degranulation was analyzed by measuring release of β-hexosaminidase in RBL-2H3 cell. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR and signaling molecules were detected by immunoblotting. The Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract suppressed β-hexosaminidase release in dose-dependent manner and inhibited cycloxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression. Furthermore, it was found that Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract reduced mitogen-activated protein kinases, especially phosphorylated p38, at 0.75 ㎎/㎖ of Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract concentrations. These data show that Alpiniae officinarum Rhizoma extract has immunosuppressive effect in mast cell induced allergic inflammation.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.226.1-226.1
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• 2003

Pancreatic lipase-inhibitory activity of the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum (AO) and its antihyperlipidemic activity were measured. When water extract of AO was stepwise fractionated with organic solvents, ethylacetate fraction exhibited the most potent inhibition. From it, Diarylheptanoid was isolated as an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase and we investigated its in vitro inhibitory effect of lipase activity and in vivo antihyperlipidemic effect. (omitted)