• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.181-202
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• 2002

Anorexia is one of the most common childhood-onset symptom and is Icing-term progress. Public interest in anorexia has increased along with debate concerning painless treatment. This study was progressed for oriental medical treatment for anorexia in china. The purpose of this study is current oriental medical approach to anorexia. Anorexia was named 'yanshizheng(厭食症)' in chinese medicine. The study for anorexia in china consist of basic, clinical, experimental study. In the oriental medicine, the reason of anorexia is weekness of the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), indigestion for milk and food(乳食停滯). The method of treatment is strengthening the spleen and pacification the stomach(健脾和胃). It should help primary care providers in their assessment of common child health problem.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-141
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• 2013

Objectives : Anorexia is the primary symptom impinging cancer patients' Quality of Life. It is usually accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms(GI symptoms). Thus, to measure anorexia symptom precisely, assessing anorexia and GI symptoms together is recommended. This study was designed to analyze cancer-related anorexia assessment tools, extract GI symptoms included in these tools and investigate usefulness of instruments in clinical trials. Methods : Instruments were selected by searching PubMed, PROQOLID database. We analyzed instruments by number of items, assessment method, type of question, GI symptoms. Results : 9 instruments were selected to assess cancer-related anorexia symptom. Most tools adopt Likert scale as response scale and 'during past week' as recall period. Assessment method of all 9 instruments is the self-administration. Questions measuring anorexia are able to be sorted into 3 forms (frequency, severeness, distress of anorexia symptom). Among the GI symptoms, nausea is included in all 9 instruments. In clinical trials of cancer-related anorexia, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale(ESAS) and Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Questionnaire(FAACT) were selected as endpoint measure. Conclusions : The result showed that FAACT is the only specialized tool to assess cancer-related anorexia. To measure cancer-related anorexia precisely, the need to develop new instrument exists.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 1995

This study was designed to identify the severity of anorexia and the diet patterns in receiving chemotherapy. The identification of anorexia would provide useful and basic information to oncology nursing care. The subjects of this study were 102 hospitalized chemotherapy patients in a September 10, 1994. The subjects were 20 years old or above and who agreed to participate in this study and could understand the questionnaire. Three-days diet history were collected and analysed. The study subjects change, food aversions, the severity of anorexia. Data related to demographic and other mecdical characteristics such as age, diagnosis, and medication were collected by review of patient medical record. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) The score of anorexia was 73.7 in Anorexia Visual Analogue Scales and mean amount of fool intake per a day was 823cc. The larger the anorexia VAS score, the more severe of anorexia. 2) The food preferences of subjects were identified. Those were aversions, or dislikes the meat such as beef, pork, and chicken, and greesy or fried foods. The Caffeinated drinks such as coffee and tea were disgusted, also. The patients preferred vegetables and Korean traditional food especially kimchee and soy bean soap. 3) Those who were administered analgesics and cisplatin suffered more severe in anorexia than those who analgesics and cisplatin was not administarted. The patients with gastrointestinal cancer has more severe anorexia than those who have the other site cancer ; head and neck, genirourinary etc. The result of this study in turn provide valuable nursing practice guidelines for nutritional counseling in cancer chemotherapy patient. Nurses working with chemotherapy ward should identify the severity of anorexia and diet patterns. In conclusion, the severity of anorexia in cancer chemotherapy patients is very important problems. Health care personnels recognize the potential problems of anorexia and encourage the nutritional counseling in cancer chemotherapy patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2012

Background Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a parents-targeted questionnaire to measure eating behavior of children, developed in United Kingdom and verified validity and reliability in several countries. Validity of Korean version of CEBQ (K-CEBQ) was verified in 2009. Objectives The study was conducted to assess the appetite improvement after herbal treatment in children who have anorexia. Methods The parents of the 26 children(anorexia 11, non-anorexia 15; $79.54{\pm}38.17$ months) who visited one university hospital was surveyed using K-CEBQ from April 2010 to April 2011. It was re-surveyed at intervals of 3 months. Differences between the anorexia group and the non-anorexia group were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, and comparisons of pre-treatment and post-treatment in anorexia group and non-anorexia group were verified by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Depends on the presence of anorexia in child, Slowness in eating/Satiety responsiveness (SE/SR), Enjoyment of food (EF), Emotional undereating (EUE) and total scores were significantly different ($p$<0.05). Also, there were significant difference in SE/SR and total scores before and after the herbal treatment in anorexia group (p<0.05), and all scores tended to increase a few. However there were no significant difference before and after the herbal treatment in non-anorexia group, and the scores except for Desire to drink (DD) and Emotional overeating (EOE) were decreased. Conclusions Herbal treatment in children who have anorexia has improved their appetite in terms of eating sensitivity.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Objectives Many parents are stressed from their children with anorexia, so this study was planned to investigate the growth state of the children with anorexia and the main concerns of their parents. Methods We searched some medical documents regarding 21 children with anorexia and performed questionnaires on their parents. Results 21 children (male 14, female 7) were studied, the average age of children was $53.62{\pm}20.46$ months, the average height was $102.93{\pm}12.36cm$, the average weight was $16.37{\pm}1.31kg$, the average BMI was $15.26{\pm}1.31$. 16(76.10%) parents have experienced stress regarding their children's slow weight increase. There was no relationship between BMI of the children and the degree of stress of their parents. The parents tend to scold or to give nutrition supplement to their children to solve the anorexia. Many of the parents considered their children has anorexia just by looking at the children's attitude towards to the meals or when children had food whatever it given only. Conclusions The children with anorexia were mostly developed poorly. However, the parents who had children were developing nicely were also stressed because of their children's picky eating behavior and the difficults in coaching their children food.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.256-261
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• 2008

Anorexia is a common symptom in the elderly patients. Causes of anorexia in the elderly are very diverse and multifactorial. Causes include physiological changes associated with aging, mental disorders such as depression, anorexia tardive, dementia, medical diseases such as cancer(lung and gastrointestinal cancer), benign gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac disorders, pulmonary disease, thyroid disorders, infection. Medications such as digoxin, theophylline have also been implicated in the problem. No cause is found in about one quarter of patients. Management is directing at treating causes and providing nutritional support. In Oriental medicine, the appetite has close relation to Biwi. The main cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Biwi. The physiology of Biwi is that Bi sends clarity(food essence) upward and Wi sends digested food downward. Specially if the physiologic function of Wi is disordered by various factors, Wi cannot send digested food downward. As a result, the anorexia can present by the disorder of Wi function. We experienced a case of an 74 years old female patient with ill-defined severe anorexia differentiated as Wijoongheohan. The patient was managed with fluid therapy and Jeonghyangsiche-tang. The anorexia and other symptoms improved continuously during hospitalization.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 2017

Objectives: Traditional oriental herbal medicine is used in cancer care to alleviate symptoms. Anorexia is a symptom which is frequently observed in patients with cancer and impairs their quality of life. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize current available evidence to evaluate the effect of traditional oriental herbal medicine on anorexia in cancer patients. Methods: The review evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) measuring the effect of any types of herbal medicine on anorexia in cancer patients within 4 electronic databases and manual search up to December 2015. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB) was used to assess the quality of RCTs. Results: In total, 11 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies reported the rate or severity of anorexia improved after treatment in herbal-conventional medicine combined group compared to conventional medicine group. 7 of 11 studies showed between-group statistical differences. The methodological quality of RCTs was insufficient with unclear and high ROB. Conclusions: Traditional oriental herbal medicine may have a potential to improve anorexia in patients with cancer. To confirm the clinical recommendation, further researches with rigorous study design are required to support the effects of herbal medicine.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Purpose: This study tested the effects of Nei-Guan acupressure on nausea, vomiting, and anorexia of lung cancer patients on chemotherapy. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used to identify the effect of Nei-Guan acupressure on nausea, vomiting, and anorexia of lung cancer patients on chemotherapy. The participants were 60 patients who were admitted to a hospital for chemotherapy from February 1 to October 28, 2009. The patients were randomly assigned to the control group (n=30) or experimental group (n=30). The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were significantly decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group on the day of discharge from the hospital. However, the levels of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia between two groups were not statistically significant seven days after the discharge. Conclusions: Nei-Guan acupressure is effective in decreasing nausea, vomiting and anorexia of the patients with lung cancer on chemotherapy on the on the day of the discharge while the effectiveness is not certain 7 days after the discharge. Further study is needed to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.87-98
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find a literature study of infantile anorexia clinical cases with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to utilize with Korean medicine treatment methods. Methods 5 TCM journals with the highest impact factors were searched and selected among the journals listed in www.cnki.net. The search keywords were, "Children's Anorexia", "Infantile Apositia", "Infantile Anorexia", "Anorexia Nervosa", and "child of anorexia". he search was limited to the publication date from 2000 to 2012. Results Total 20 studies were selected: Acupuncture (5), Herbal medicine (9), Complex Treatment (3), External Application (2) and Moxibustion (1). Among the Acupuncture related studies, 1 study tested the effect of Sifeng (EX-UE10, 四縫), 3 studies tested the effect of Sifeng (EX-UE10, 四縫) and other acupoints treatment together, and 1 study tested the effect of combination of other acupoints. In all these studies, the study groups showed better therapeutic effects compared to the control groups. The Herbal medicine related studies showed the improvement in appetite and weight as a result of Herbal Medicines treatment. Among the Complex Treatment related studies, 2 studies tested the effect of Acupuncture and Chiropractic co-treatment, 1 study tested the effect of Moxibustion and Herbal medicine co-treatment. In all these studies, symptoms of Infantile anorexia showed significantly improved. Other papers related to External Application and Moxibustion treatment were reported improving in appetite and had other the clinical effects as well. Conclusions Clinical studies testing the effect of TCM for the treatment of Infantile Anorexia have been conducted in small scales, and all the studies showed a certain level of symptom improvement of the patients in the study groups. These results implicate that the methods in Korean medicine can be highly potential treatment options for the treatment of Infantile Anorexia. Accurate and well-controlled studies in large scale would be required to prove the effect of Korean medicine for the treatment of patients with Infantile Anorexia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.194-210
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• 1998

The main purpose of this work is the study on the etiology and pathology of the anorexia in oriental and western medicine. An appetite is stimulated by the need of supply of nutrition for life and the physical desire of hunger which appeared as the alternative of taste. In this paper, I investigated the anatomical and the physiological function system, the Piwei functional system and meridian distribution, and the differentiation of the disease according to the Zangfu(internal organs) in association with the anorexia. And conclusion could be summarized as follows : 1. The tongue, one of the Piwei functional system(脾胃機能系), is connected with Pi(脾), Xin(心), Gan(肝) and Shen(腎) meridian. Especially Pi and Xin meridian have the close relations with taste. 2. The appetite has the close relations with Piwei. The appetite and digestion is influenced by the function of smoothing and regulating and bloodflow of Ki(肝主疏泄), warming the Shen to activate the function of Pi(腎主溫養), cleansing the inspired air and keeping the Ki flowing downward(肺主肅降). 3. The cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Ki of Piwei(脾胃氣虛), the attack of Wei by hyperactive Gan Ki(脾氣犯胃), the insufficiency of Wei Yin(胃陰不足), the declination of the fire from the vital gate(命門火衰) and the retention or stagnancy of undigested food (飮食停滯). Especially, the main cause of anorexia is the insufficiency of Ki of the Piwei(脾胃氣虛). 4. Recently the attack of Wei by hyperactive Gan Ki(脾氣犯胃) is raised by the main cause of anorexia. 5. The mental function of anorexia, which is induced by the unbalance of Pi, is directly associated with Xin(心) and Xin meridia(心經). 6. The goal of the treatment of the anorexia is dependent on the recovery of the weakness of the Pi. And for this goal, the disorders of the other organs is also treated. 7. In the point of the anatomy and physiology, the main cause of anorexia is the loss of function of the autonomic nerve system and the vagus nerve.