• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.335-338
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• 2009

Aerial parts of Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) were extracted successively using various solvents and screened for various parameters of antiarthritic activity such as adjuvant-induced arthritis, motor performance, and histopathological study. The ethanol and the aqueous extracts showed potent activity; further these extracts were fractionated by using column chromatography. The fraction ET1 isolated from ethanol extract showed the most potent antiarthritic activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.313-317
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• 1997

Twenty seven plant extracts were selected on the basis of ancient literature search for rheurnatoid arthritis or similar syndrome. Methanol extract of each plant was prepared and administered orally to rats everyday at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. Experimental arthritis was induced by subplantar injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum to right hind paw of rats. This treatment provoked swelling of the treated paw in two phases, acute primary swelling and secondary arthritic swelling. An inhibition of secondary swelling was considered to be antiarthritic activity. Several plant methanol extracts such as Akebia quinata (caulis), Ephedla sinica (herba) and 5ophorae subprostratd (radix) were found to show significant inhibitory activity against secondary swelling at the dose tested. Our results strongly suggested an antiarthritic potential of these plant extracts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.195-195
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• 1998

Ginkgetin was previously reported as an inhibitor of group II phospholipase A$_2$. It also inhibited in vitro arachidonate release from the activated macrophages and lymphocyte proliferation. These previous studies suggested an anti-inflammatory nature of ginkgetin, especially on chronic inflammation. In fact, ginkgetin showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, a chronic inflammatory animal model, with comparable analgesic activity. In order to investigate the action mechanisms, tumor necrosis factor and interferone release were studied from human PMMC. It was found that ginkgetin clearly inhibited release of these cytoknes from human PMMC. Ginkgetin was also found to inhibit immunoglobulin M production at 1 - 10 uM. These results may contribute to antiarthritic activity of ginkgetin in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 1974

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Caragana chamlagu $L_{AMARCK}$ roots, which was known to be effective as antineuralgic, antirheumatic and antiarthritic, etc. in the folk cures of this country. The ether extract of the root has shown significant effects against the rat paw edema induced by 1% carrageenin and its potency was comparable with acetylsalicylic acid, a anti-inflammatory drug, when given orally in 5% acacia gum suspension. The ethanol and hexane extracts, on the other hand, stimulated the formation of rat paw edema under the same experimentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.99-99
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• 1997

현재까지 NSAID 및 SAID의 사용으로 급성염증의 경우는 잘 조절되고 있으나, 류마티스 관절염과 같은 만성염증성 질환은 극복하지 못하였다. 뿐 만 아니라, 상기의 약물들의 장기간 사용으로 인한 부작용이 문제되고 있다. 그러므로, 만성염증성 질환의 치료를 위한 새로운 계열의 항염증제 개발이 시급하며, 많은 연구자들이 여러 가지 식물추출물을 이용하여 신약개발의 가능성을 타진하고 있다. 이의 일환으로, 본 연구에서는 고전문헌에서 사용된 식물들을 대상으로 하여 Rat의 류마티스 관절염 model을 이용하여 그들의 항염증작용을 연구하였다. 여정자 및 등줄나무를 포함한 27종의 식물을 이용하여 각 methanol 추출물을 조제하고, 매일 경구로 투여하였다 (200 mg/kg/day). 류마티스성 관절염은 rat의 족부에 Mycobacterium butyricum (0.6 mg/rat)을 주사하여 유발시켰고, 2차부종의 억제를 추출물의 활성으로 판정하였다. 그 결과, 27종의 식물중 목통, 마황 및 산두근이 2차부종을 유의성있게 억제하였으며, adjuvant 주사 후 16일에 억제율이 각각 22%, 36%, 13%로 나타났다. 산두근을 분획하여 재검정한 결과 50 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 투여시 EtOAc 및 n-butanol 분획에서 억제능이 나타나, 이들 분획을 대상으로 활성물질의 분리를 계속하고 있다.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2023

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of Ajmodadi Churna (AC) and its effect on Complete freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.2 mL CFA into sub plantar surface of left hind paw. Test sample AC-1 and AC-2, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively was given to the animals for 21 consecutive days. The increase in swelling was observed after induction of arthritis. The paw edema was measured on 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 day using Vernier caliper after the induction of arthritis. The collected blood samples further used for the estimation of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), and hemoglobin (Hb), using hematology analyzer. Serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α were also measured using rat ELISA kits. Results: Results showed that a significant reduction in paw edema was observed in AC-2 treated rats. The paw edema was restored on day 21 was 4.48 mm for AC-2, which is near to the control group. The arthritis score in treated rats was found to be considerably lower than in the control group i.e. 0.83 for AC-2 and 1.50 for AC-1. A decrease in levels of RBC and hemoglobin were observed in arthritic rats. Inflammation was significantly reduced and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were lowered after treatment with the test drug. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that AC possess significant anti-arthritic activity. Furthermore, this condition was linked to a reduction in abnormal humoral immune responses.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

Objectives : Deer antler Herbal-Acupuncture (DHA) solution represents one of the most commonly used medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis. But, mechanisms of its antiarthritic activities are still poorly understood. Identification of common DHA aqua-acupuncture capable of affording protection or modulating the onset and severity of arthritis may have important human health implications. Results : We determined if DHA could prevent the binding of $IL-1{\beta}$ to its cellular receptors. DHA addition to rat chondrocytes treated with $IL-1{\beta}$ or with reactive oxygen species(ROS) prevents the activation of proteoglycan synthesis. After treatment with $IL-1{\beta}$, DHA increased the expression of mRNA encoding the type II $IL-1{\beta}$ receptor. These results emphasize the potential role of two regulating proteins of the $IL-1{\beta}$ signaling pathway that could account for the beneficial effect of DHA in osteRArthritis. The present study also identifies a novel mechanism of DHA-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion : It is shown that DHA inhibits both $IL-1{\beta}-$ and $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ NO production in normal human articular chondrocytes. The observed suppression of IL-1-induced NO production is associated with inhibition of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) mRNA and protein expression. In addition, DHA also suppresses the production of IL-1-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-6. The constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase-1, however, was not affected by the sugar. These results demonstrate that DHA expresses a unique range of activities and identifies a novel mechanism for the inhibition of inflammatory processes.