• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2022

In this study, extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Terminalia chebula fruit were combined in different ratios, and their anti-osteoarthritis effects were compared to determine which combination had the best synergistic effect. B. serrata, C. longa, and T. chebula extracts in a 2:1:2 ratio exhibited higher antioxidative activity in scavenging DPPH radicals than did the individual extracts alone or the other extract combinations. Additionally, the 2:1:2 combination significantly improved the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, this same combination ratio decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and MMP13 in interleukin-1β-stimulated human articular chondrocytes (HCHs) and increased those of aggrecan and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1). Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the 2:1:2 combination significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Therefore, the 2:1:2 combination of these three plant extracts has the best potential for use as an effective dietary supplement for improving joint health compared with the individual extracts and their other combination ratios.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2018

Recently, many researches regarding the natural products which alternate with chemical products have been done. Among them, boswellia is well known for effect on anti-oxidative effect and inflammation. The aim was the effect boswellia of formalin- induced orofacial and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain on experimental animals was investigated. Experiments were carried out using subcutaneous (SC) pain model and TMJ pain model that were induced by the injection of 5% formalin into the right vibrissa pad (SC, $50{\mu}L$) or TMJ ($30{\mu}L$) of rats, respectively. In both models, formalin (5%), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after boswellia extract (p.o., concentrations of 15, 30 mg/kg) (n=6). The number of scratching on the injected region was scored during the 9 successive periods of 5 min intervals following injection of formalin. Oral administration of boswellia (15, 30 mg / kg) reduced formalin-induced SC orofacial pain behavioral responses. SC orofacial pain behavioral responses was significantly reduced at 20~35 min. In the experimental group injected into temporomandibular joints, the pain response was significantly reduced by $276.2{\pm}8.20$ and $78.3{\pm}4.7$ after oral administration of boswellia (15, 30 mg / kg) at $398.3{\pm}24.8$ times. As a result of the passage of time, the oral administration of boswellia showed a significant effect of reducing the temporomandibular joint pain 30 minutes after the injection of formalin. This study confirmed that oral administration of boswellia modulated the pain behavior in both models. In conclusion, boswellia extract may be a potential therapeutic treatment for orofacial pain.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

Xerostomia due to the subjective dry mouth feeling that may occur even when the salivary gland function reduction is not objectively confirmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not dry mouth is more sensitive to pain in the oral facial area, which is the main cause of dental problems. The natural products used in this study are Boswellia serrata and seabuckthorn, Both natural substances are known as a representative antioxidant substance rich in vitamins. 4-DAMP was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the experimental animals, and 5% formalin was injected into the face to observe the change of inflammatory pain. Boswellia (15, 30 mg/kg) or seabuckthorn (150, 30 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg) after formalin infusion, As a result, pain response was significantly reduced in the drug-infused group compared to the formalin-infused group (*P<0.05). It was also found that the two drugs were more effective when administered together. Based on these results, we confirm that natural extract can be an alternative treatment modality for the control of oral facial inflammatory pain.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.231-246
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 MIA로 골관절염을 유도한 SD 흰쥐에서 인도산 보스웰리아 검레진을 주정 추출 후, 헥산으로 지방 제거 공정을 추가하여 제조한 보스웰리아 검레진 추출물인 FJH-UBS의 항골관절염 효능을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. FJH-UBS는 40 또는 80 mg/kg BW/day 용량으로 5주간 경구투여하였고, FJH-UBS를 2주간 투여 후 MIA (3 mg/50 µL/rat)를 무릎 관절강 내에 주사하여 골관절염을 유도하였다. MIA 유도 골관절염 동물모델에서 FJH-UBS는 무릎 관절의 부종을 감소시키고 연골의 분해를 억제하였으며, 연골 내 type II collagen과 aggrecan 발현을 증가시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 혈청 내 PGE2, LTB4, IL-1β, 및 IL-6 함량을 감소시켰고, MMP-13 함량을 감소시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 연골 활막 내 iNOS, COX-2, 5-LOX, IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α 발현을 감소시켰고, MMP-2, MMP-9 및 MMP-13 발현을 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 FJH-UBS가 염증매개물질과 염증성 cytokine의 발현감소를 통해 염증 반응을 억제하고, MMPs의 발현을 억제하여 연골 기질의 분해를 억제함으로서 항골관절염 효능을 나타냄을 의미하며 이는 관절 및 연골 건강 개선 기능성 원료로 FJH-UBS의 활용 가능성을 제시한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7179-7188
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• 2015

Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate ${\beta}$-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1-hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values equal 1.58 and $5.82{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an $IC_{50}$ equal $4.68{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with $IC_{50}$ values equal 0.12 and $6.59{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an $IC_{50}$ equal $3.43{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

Olibanum (Boswellia serrata) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anticancer effects. This study determined the role of a water extract of olibanum in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). PDGF-BB induced the migration and proliferation of RASMCs that were inhibited by olibanum extract in a dose-dependent manner. The PDGF-BB-increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); the heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 was significantly inhibited by the olibanum extract. The effects of PDGF-BB-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 was not altered by the olibanum extract. Treatment with olibanum extract inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated sprout out growth of aortic rings. These results suggest that the water extract of olibanum inhibits PDGF-BB-stimulated migration and proliferation in RASMCs as well as sprout out growth, which may be mediated by the inhibition of the p38 MAPK and Hsp27 pathways.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 primary culture된 연골세포 in vitro 실험모델과 MIA로 유발한 골관절염 in vivo 실험모델을 이용하여 보스웰리아 추출물의 골관절염 예방 효과를 확인하였다. 먼저 MTT 시험법을 통해 세포 사용 적정농도를 $20{\mu}g/mL$ 이하로 결정하여 연골세포 사멸 억제를 확인하고, 이를 근간으로 골관절염 동물실험 모델에서 골관절염 예방 효과를 확인하였다. $H_2O_2$ 처리에 따른 산화적 독성으로 연골세포 사멸을 유도한 실험에서 보스웰리아 추출물은 유의적으로 세포사멸을 억제하였으며 이러한 효과는 $5{\sim}20{\mu}g/mL$ 사이농도에서 비교적 높게 나타났다. 세포실험에서는 골관절염 발병에 따라 관절연골에 영향을 미치는 염증인자에 대한 기전연구를 진행하였으며, 연골세포에 LPS를 처리하여 염증을 유도한 후 보스웰리아 추출물의 효과를 확인한 실험 결과 면역과 염증반응을 조절하는 nuclear transcription factor ${\kappa}B(NF{\kappa}B)$, 염증관련 cytokine IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$의 발현이 모두 보스웰리아 추출물 처리 시 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 $20{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 가장 효과가 뚜렷하고 일관되게 확인되었다. 또한 이들 cytokine에 의해 생성되는 COX-2 발현과 COX-2에 자극 받아 생성이 촉진되는 PGE2 생성을 확인한 결과 역시 $20{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 가장 효과적으로 생성이 억제되어 염증을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 보스웰리아의 기능성분으로 알려진 보스웰릭산(boswellic acids)에 의해 억제되는 5-LO의 경우, 염증반응 유발의 핵심인자를 생성하는 효소로 알려져 있으며 이를 직접적으로 저해하는 것으로 알려진 보스웰리아의 효능을 확인 하고자 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 염증을 유도한 연골세포에서 보스웰리아 추출물의 처리에 따라 5-LO 활성이 감소하였으며, 이는 곧 보스웰리아 추출물이 염증을 유발 핵심효소인 5-LO 활성을 효과적으로 억제함으로써 연골세포 보호 효과를 나타낸 것이다. 세포실험에서의 기전 결과를 바탕으로 골관절염을 유발한 동물모델에서의 보스웰리아 추출물의 섭취에 따른 효과가 나타날 것으로 기대되어 관절염 유발 동물모델에서 보스웰리아 추출물의 효능검증 실험을 진행하였으며, 세포실험 결과 및 기존의 연구내용을 참고하여 동물에서 보스웰리아의 섭취 농도를 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg 및 200 mg/kg으로 결정하고 AIN-93G diet에 보스웰리아 추출물 분말을 섞어 보스웰리아 diet를 제작하여 실험기간 동안 제공하였다. 골관절염 유발 동물모델을 만들기 위해 SD rat의 관절강에 MIA를 injection 하였으며, 보스웰리아 추출물 섭취에 따른 관절염 예방 효과를 관찰하기 위해 관절염 유발 2주일 전부터 제작된 식이를 제공하고 유발 후 3주간 지속적으로 식이 제공 및 관찰하였다. 연골의 주요 구성 성분인 collagen 및 aggrecan은 골관절염 발병 시 여러 인자에 의해 분해되는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 골관절염 유발동물모델에서 collagen type I, collagen type II 및 aggrecan 유전자 발현을 실시간 정량 PCR로 측정하여 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 골관절염 유발 sham군에 비해 보스웰리아 추출물 섭취군에서 유의적으로 collagen type I, collagen type II 및 aggrecan 발현이 증가하였으며, 특히 BW200군에서 CLX 약물대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 발현이 증가하여 관절연골의 보호 효과가 가장 좋은 것으로 확인되었다. 교원질 합성을 억제하고 분해를 촉진시키는 MMPs(MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13)의 발현을 실시간 정량 PCR로 측정하여 발현 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 앞선 다른 실험 결과와 마찬가지로 보스웰리아 섭취군에서 MMPs 유전자 발현이 유의적으로 낮아졌음을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 특히 BW200군에서 MMPs 발현이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 관절염에 효과적으로 사용되는 약물인 CLX 투여 양성대조군과 비슷한 수치를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 보스웰리아 추출물은 골관절염에서 관절연골의 보호 효과가 있으며, 이는 골관절염 발생 시 나타나는 염증발현의 기전적인 측면뿐만 아니라 골관절염 유발 동물에서 섭취 효능까지 모두 일관되게 나타나 골관절염에서의 기능성 소재로써 개발가능성이 충분할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 추후 실험을 통해 골관절염이 유발된 동물에서 보스웰리아 추출물 섭취 시 관절연골의 형태학적인 변화 및 골상태의 분석과 더불어 관절염 유발 동물의 관절연골 및 혈액학적 분석을 진행하여 동물에서 기전적 측면을 보완하고 보스웰리아 추출물 효능에 대한 추가적인 검증을 하고자 한다.