• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

Background: We studied the role for expression of CD40 and CD40L by CD4 and CD8 T cells in the generation of CD8 T cell response to minor histocompatibility antigen, H60. H60 is a cellular antigen to which CD8 responses require CD4 T cell help. Methods: CD40- or CD40L-deficient mice were adoptively transferred with normal CD4 or CD8 T cells or with memory CD4 or CD8 T cells, and were immunized with male H60 congenic splenocytes to induce CD8 T cell response to H60. Peripheral blood CD8 T cell from the immunized mice were stained with the H60 tetramer. Results: CD8 T cell response to H60 was not induced in both CD40- and CD40L-deficient mice. Adoptive transfer of $CD40^{+/+}$ CD8 T cells into CD40-deficient mice did not compensate the defect in inducing CD8 T cell response to H60, while the H60-specific CD8 T cells were activated in the CD40-deficient mice that were adoptively transferred with $CD40^{+/+}$ CD4 T cells. Adoptive transfer of $CD40L^{+/+}$ CD4 T cells into CD40L-deficient mice induced primary CD8 T cell response for H60 and the presence of $CD40L^{+/+}$ CD4 T cells was required even for memory CD8 T cells response to H60. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the CD40-CD40L interaction mediates the delivery of CD4 T cell help to naive and memory H60-specific CD8 T cells. While the expression of CD40L by CD4 T cells is essential, signaling through CD40 on CD8 T cells is not required for the induction of CD8 T cell response to H60.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

HIV감염자는 질병의 진전에 무관하게 감염 후의 경과 시기에 따라서 CD4 T림프세포등 각종 면역상태를 나타내는 표지가 변한다 따라서 HW감염자의 질병진전을 예보하기 위하여서는 정기적으로 CD4등 각종표지를 측정하여 감염자의 질병상태를 monitoring하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 수치를 감염자관리에 적용하기 위하여서는 우리나라 일반인의 정상치를 파악하여 이를 지표로 해야 하므로 국내정상인의 각종 면역치에 대한 조사가 요구된다. 현재의 기준으로는 500이하로 떨어질 때에는 예방차원에서 AZT를 복용하게 되며 200이하로 떨어지면 질병의 유무에 관계없이 환자로 관리하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 185명의 감염자와 140명의 비감염자에 대하여 정기적으로 CD4 및 CD8T 림프세포와 CD4/CD8비를 측정하였다. 시험은 Flow cytometer(Facstar)를 이용하여 각각의 CD 분자에 대한 모노크로날 항체를 이용하여 2중혈광색소 염색방법으로 측정 하였다. HIV감염자의 CD4-T림프세포 절대수 및 백분율은 각각 462 및 18.2%이었는 반면, CD8의 수치는 1,170 및 47.0%이었다. 또한 CD4/CDB비는 0.43이었다. 이와는 대조적으로 비감염자의 경우, 한국인의 CD4의 평균 세포수는 886, 백분율은 32.9%이었으며, CD8 세포수는 730, 백분율은 26.8 그리고 CD4/CD8비는 1.31이었다. 외국인과 한국인과의 면역지표 수치를 비교하였을 때에 CD4세포수와 백분율, CD8의 백분율에서는 현저한 차이가 없었으나 외국인 비감염자의 경우 CD4백분율이 43.6%, CD8 T림프세포의 절대수가 560으로 한국인과 약간의 차이가 있었다. 따라서 HIV 감염자관리를 위한 면역지표측정시험에서의 각종수치의 정확한 해석을 위하여서는 한국인 비감염자수치를 고려해야할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.657-663
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• 1997

The CD4 and CDS coreceptors, in conjunction with the T cell receptor (TCR) , make important contributions to the differentiation of thymocytes. They have been shown to be involved in the clonal deletion and positive selection processes during T cell development in thymus. To further analyze the role of CD4 and CDS proteins during T cell differentiation, we have generated transgenic mice constitutively expressing high levels of a native CD4 and a CD4{CDSa hybrid protein. The hybrid protein is composed of CD4 extracellular domain linked to the CD8a transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail. The transgenes were driven by human beta-actin promoter, and therefore, they were expressed in all tissues examined including thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The resulting CD4 and CD4{CD8${\alpha}$transgenic mice were found to express the CD4 and CD4{CD8${\alpha}$ respectively, in developing thymocytes and peripheral T cells. The expression levels of transgenic proteins were 5-10 times higher than that of endogenous CD4 in thymus. However, total surface CD4 expression (CD4 or CD4{CD8${\alpha}$ transgenic protein plus endogenous CD4) of the transgenic mice were main. tained at similar levels compared to control littermates. Surface CD4 expression on CDS T cells, however, was significantly lower than that on cells expressing endogenous CD4. These results suggest that a total avidity between developing thymocytes and thymic stromal cells is impor. tant for differentiation of thymocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2015

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Tregs) have been shown to play a regulatory or suppressive role in the immune response and are possibly relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in peripheral blood (PB) of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats during the development of arthritis, to determine whether their frequency is involved in the immunoregulation of this disease. The results showed that normal rats had similar frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in PB during the experiment time, expressed as a percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells among the CD4+ T lymphocyte population. In contrast, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in CIA rats was found to change during the development of arthritis. In CIA rats, there is a significant negative correlation between the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and paw swelling (r=-0.786, p< 0.01). The relationship between the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T and immune activation was not found in normal rats. During the time course, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T was lower in CIA rats than in normal ones. The data suggest that the frequency of PB CD4+CD25+ Tregs may be a promising marker for arthritis activity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.431-437
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• 1997

Since the role of CD40 on the interleukin-4(IL-4) -induced B cell activation has been strongly implicated in the agumentation of IgE production and response, we have investigated the intracelluar signaling pathways utilized by IL-4 and CD40 for type II IgE receptor (CD23) expression. IL-4 and anti-CD40 antibody treatment of human B cells, independently caused a rapid induction of CD23 gene activation within 2 h. There was a noticeable synergism between the action of the two agents inducing CD23 expression: the addition of anti-CD40 to the IL-4-treated culture significantly agumented the IL-4-induced CD23 on both mRNA and surface protein levels, and the inclusion of IL-4 in the anti-CD40-treated cells caused a further increase of CD23 expression far above the maximal level induced by anti-CD40. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors effectively suppressed the both IL-4- and anti -CD40-induced CD23 expression. whereas protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors had no effects. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) have shown that IL-4 and anti-CD40 induce the activation of NF-IL-4 and $NF-_{K}B$, respectively, binding to the CD23 promoter, both in a PKC-independent and PTK-dependent manner. These data suggest that the synergistic activation of CD23 gene expression by IL-4 and anti-CD40 is mediated by co-operative action of distinct nuclear factors. each of which is rapidly activated via PKC-independent and PTK-dependent process.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 2012

Thymosin ${\beta}4$ 는 대장암에서 암 줄기세포 마커인 CD133을 지닌 세포에서 지니지 않은 세포에 비해 강하게 발현된다고 보고되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 thymosin ${\beta}4$와 줄기세포 마커인 CD133의 상관관계를 정상 위 조직에서 관찰하였다. Thymosin ${\beta}4$와 CD133의 발현 양상은 tissue microarray 조직상에서 면역화학적 방법으로 관찰하였으며 thymosin ${\beta}4$와 CD133의 존재 위치는 면역형광 염색법 및 confocal microscope를 사용하여 조사하였다. Thymosin ${\beta}4$와 CD133은 동일한 양상으로 발현되었으며 모두 위의 선조직에서 강하게 발현되었다. 면역 형광 염색법으로 두가지 단백질을 동시에 염색한 결과 두 단백질이 동일한 위치에서 함께 존재하는 것으로 규명되었다. 이러한 결과는 thymosin ${\beta}4$와 CD133은 정상위의 선조직에서 발현되며 두 단백질의 발현 양상 및 위치가 동일하여 서로 긴밀한 상호작용을 할 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2000

A defective HIV-1 helper virus DNA, pHyPC, was assembled by deleting the RNA packaging signal, env, nef and the 3'LTR sequences. HIV-1 like virus particles that carry the HIV-1 receptor, CD4 were generated by co expression of pHyPC and plasmid DNAs encoding different chimeric CD4 proteins. The CD4 particles, sharing the CD4 ectodomain, precisely fused to different membrane anchors. CD4(+) particles specifically bound to HIV-1 Env expressing cells, but any signs of infection into these cells were not detected. Binding was only partially blocked by either polyclonal anti-CD4 antibodies or by high concentrations of soluble CD4. Surprisingly, CD4(+) particles also adsorbed to HeLa, CHO, NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells in the absence of HIV-1 Env expression. Adsorption was comparable in strength and speed to the highly specific CD4-Env interaction. CD4(-) particles exhibited only background levels of binding. Cell binding was CD4. dependent, but it was independent of the cell type from which the CD4(+) particles originated. Interestingly, CD4-dependent/Env-independent binding was only found when CD4 was present on virus particles. This suggests that the micro-environment of CD4 on virus particles uniquely expose this new cell binding activity. Its high affinity could explain in part why infection of Env(+) cells by CD4(+) particles was not detected. Further experiments will be required to evaluate whether this strong membrane interaction could represent one step in the multiple-step viral entry process.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 1983

수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 cadmium화합물(化合物)의 형태(形態)에 따른 피해농도(被害濃度) 및 cadmium흡수정도(吸收程度)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 $Cd(NO_3)_2$, $CdCl_2$, $CdSo_4$, $CdCo_3$ 및 CdS 등(等)의 화합물(化合物)을 토양(土壤)에 Cd로서 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 ppm처리(處理)하여 수도(水稻)의 수양(收量)에 미치는 농도(濃度)와 수도체중(水稻體中)의 cadmium함량(含量)을 조사(調査)한 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 토양중(土壤中) cadmium처리농도(處理濃度)가 높을수록 식물체(植物體) 경엽(莖葉) 및 현미중(玄米中) cadmium함량(含量)은 증가(增加)하였으나 수량(收量)은 높은 농도(濃度)에서 감소(減小)되었다. 2) 수양감수(收量減收)를 가져오는 토양중(土壤中) Cd의 농도(濃度)는 $Cd(NO_3)_2$ : 12.9ppm, $CdSO_4$ : 21.5ppm, $CdCl_2$ : 25.8ppm $CdCO_3$ : 33.2ppm, CdS : 97.6ppm 이었다. 3) 현미중(玄米中) cadmium함량(含量)이 1.0ppm이 되는 토양중(土壤中) Cd의 농도(濃度)는 $cd(NO_3)_2$ : 13.8ppm, $CdCl_2$ : 14.4ppm, $CdSO_4$ : 16.9ppm, $CdCO_3$ : 19.2ppm이었다. 4) cadmium의 현미흡수양/지상부흡수량비(玄米吸收量/地上部吸收量比)는 최고(最高) 분얼기(分蘖期) 28%, 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 20%, 수확기(收穫期) 15%이었다. 5) 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 식물체(植物體) 경엽중(莖葉中) cadmium함량(含量)과 현미중(玄米中) cadmium함량(含量)과의 관계(關係)는 $Y=0.067-0.0028x+0.007x^2$으로 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었다. 6) 용해도(溶解度)가 낮은 cadmium화합물(化合物)이 시험후(試驗後) 토양중(土壤中) 가용성(可溶性) cadmium합량(合量)이 낮았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2027-2030
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• 2016

Objective: To investigate the effect of peripheral blood CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell on postoperative immunotherapy in patients with renal carcinoma. Methods: 38 patients with renal cell carcinoma were recruited, and 20 patients from the operation group purely underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy, 18 patients from the combined group successively underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy and IFN-${\alpha}$ adjuvant immunotherapy. Additionally, 12 healthy subjects were recruited in the same period of time and regarded as the control group. Flow cytometry was used to detect CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content and the ratio of all parts in the pre-operative period, in the first post-operative week and in the third post-operative month, compare and analyze its variation trend. Results: The CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content of individual renal carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of the control group, also increases with the progression in the tumor stage (P<0.05). The post-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes of individual operation group and combined group patients showed different degrees of increment, but the increment of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the operation group (P<0.05). For the combined group patients with less pre-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes, their levels would increase after the immunotherapy, while the pre-operative patients with more CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocytes were the opposite situation. Conclusion: The detection of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocyte subset can reflect the anti-tumor immune status of renal cell carcinoma patient body. It can contribute to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and provide reference for the choice of renal carcinoma post-operative adjuvant immunotherapy.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

Objectives : To examine the effects of Gojineumja on white rats which deteriorated immunity caused by Methotrexate(MTX), first of all, MTX was fed to the rats once a day for 4 day. Methods : After the immune response of the rats are deteriorated, dried extracts of Gojineumja(GJE) mixed in water was fed to the white rats once a day for l4days. The next conclusion was made by examining the rates of B-cells and T-cells of the peripheral blood and the changes in rates of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T -cells of the blood sampled from the spleen and peripheral region. Especially the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the peripheral blood and the count of CD3+ CD4+ T-cells of the spleen the count of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of the peripheral blood and the spleen proved the significant effect of increasing immune responses statistically. Results :(1) The following are the summary of the results. (2) The percentage of B lymphocyte of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (3) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (4) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was not different statistically. (5) The percentage of CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (6) The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ T-cell of spleen was increased significantly in GJE group as compared with control group. (7) The percentage of CD3+ CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. (8) The percentage of CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell was not different statistically. Conclusions : Gojineumja has an effect of increasing immune responses on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by MTX.