• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated genetic toxicity of HMCO5 in relation to chromosome aberration test on Cultured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) in the presence and absence of S-9 mix. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into two groups: with S-9mix (+S) or without S-9 mix (-S). -S group was also divided 2 series by treatment hours (6 hr: 6-S; or 24 hr; 24-S). Each group treated with vehicle only (complete culture medium), HMCO5 (1,250, 2,500, $5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$), and cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CPA) and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), respectively. Results : HMC05 did not show any aberrant metaphase. However, there were significant (p < 0.01) aberrant metaphases with CPA in S+ and with EMS in S-. Conclusions : These results indicate that HMC05 formula does not show any toxicity in chromosome aberration test.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2009

To investigate the mutation inducibility of surfactin C, we performed the chromosome aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro. The colorimetric MTT screening assay was carried out to determine the cytotoxicity index ($IC_{50}$) of surfactin C. The $IC_{50}$ value was $125{\mu}g/ml$. For the chromosome aberration test of surfactin C, the maximum concentration was employed as $125{\mu}g/ml$, followed by 62.5 and $31.25{\mu}g/ml$ for the lower concentrations, with or without metabolic activation (S9). Cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C were used as positive controls in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation, respectively. These results showed that surfactin C was not capable of inducing chromosome aberration, as measured by the chromosome aberration test using Chinese hamster lung cell line. There is no evidence for surfactin C to have a genotoxic potential.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.141-167
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• 2006

The genotoxicity of water extract of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang was tested by In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Chromosome Aberration Test: In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts was carried out using cultured Chinese hamster lung cells in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system(S-9 mix). No significant changes in the number of aberrant metaphases having structural and number of aberrations were detected in Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts treated groups. 2. Bacterial Reveres Mutation Assay: Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts was evaluated for its potential to induce reverse mutation in the histidine auxotroph strains of Salmonella typhimurium such as TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TAl537 and the tryptophan auxotroph strain of Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. No significant changes in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control were detected in Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts treated groups against all 5 strains. 3. Micronucleus test: Micronucleus test of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts were performed using specific pathogen free 7-week old male ICR mouse. No significant changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes among 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to negative control were detected in all Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts treated groups. In summarized above-mentioned results, it is concluded that Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang extracts have not genotoxicity against In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

To investigate the mutant induction of wild ginseng culture extract, we performed chromosomal aberration assay with chinese hamster lung cell in vitro. The test concentration of the extract was decided for the standard with the 50% suppression of cell propagation in the cell. The concentrations for the chromosome test were 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 ㎍/ml with metabolic activation (+S, 6 hours treatment), 1,100, 2,200 and 4,400 ㎍/ml without metabolic activation (-S, 6 hours treatment) 800, 1,600 and 3,200 ㎍/ml without metabolic activation (-S, 24 hours treatment). No significant increase in chromosome aberrations was observed at any of these concentrations both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation system. Cyclophosphamide monohydrate (CPA) and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) caused a significant increase in chromosome aberration. These results may be concluded that wild ginseng culture extract is not capable of inducing chromosome aberration in cultured chinese hamster lung cell regardless of metabolic activation and genotoxicity of that is negative under the present experimental condition.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2024

Objectives: Genotoxicity is evaluated through a chromosomal aberration test using cultured mammalian cells to determine the toxicity of no-pain pharmacopuncture (NPP), which has recently been used to treat musculoskeletal pain disorders in Korean medical clinical practice. Methods: An initial test was performed to determine the dosage range of the NPP, followed by the main test. In this study, NPP doses of 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%, and negative and positive controls were tested. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells under short-term treatment with or without metabolic activation and under continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Results: Compared with the saline negative control group, NPP did not significantly increase the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster lung cells, regardless of the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Additionally, the number of cells with structural chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in the positive control group than that in the negative control group that received saline. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the chromosomal abnormality-producing effect of NPP was determined to be negative under these test conditions.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2005

These observations were performed to investigate the safety of the natural herbs (Rhus-II) in respect of genotoxicity. This substance was examined in two in-vitro tests: (1) Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (Ames test) in strain TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537, (2) in vitro chromosome aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In the reverse mutation test, Rhus-II did not induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay(Ames test) with or without metabolic activation. In the chromosome aberration assay using CHO cells, there was no increased incidence of structural and numerical aberrations with or without metabolic activation. These results indicated that, the Rhus-II had no genotoxicity.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1996

The mutagenic potential of rHu-EPO was evaluated using the short-term genotoxicity tests including Ames, chromosome aberration and micronuclei tests. In Salmonella typhimurium assay, rHu-EPO did not show any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of S9 mix with TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537. In chromosome aberration test, rHu-EPO did not show any significant effect on Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO) cells compared with control. In micronucleus test using male ICR mice, a dose-dependence increase in the frequency of micronucleuted polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs) was observed in bone marrow cells treated with rHu-EPO. However, it was related to the secondary effect of rHu-EPO and the number of MNPCEs was equal to spontaneous frequency. These results indicate that rHu-EPO does not show any positive response in short-term genotoxicity assays.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 1998

To evaluate the genotoxicity of CKD-602, an anticancer agent the in viかo reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium, the Chromosome aberration assay using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and the in vivo micronucleus assay using bone marrow cells of ddY mice were performed. In the reverse mutation assay, CKD-602 did not induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537 strains with and without metabolic activation. In the chromosome aberration test using CHL cells, there was an increased incidence of structural aberrations induced by CKD-602 without metabolic activation during 24 and 48 hours, but CKD-602 did not induce chromosome aberration with metabolic activation. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow of male ddY mice. At 24 hours after treatment with CED-602 by i.p. once, there was an increased incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of ddY male mice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-300
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• 2007

Objectives : The genotoxicity of extract of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang", a polyherbal formula has been used as a tonic agents in oriental medicine was tested. Methods : Extract of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" was tested by In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines [2005-60]. Results : The obtained results were as follows: 1. Chromosome Aberration Test: No significant changes in the number of aberrant metaphases having structural and number of aberrations were detected in all concentrations of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts treated in this study. 2. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay: No significant increases in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control were detected in all concentrations of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts treated in this study against all 5 strains except for $50{\mu}g/ml$ treated group where significantly decreases in colony numbers were detected agains all five strains used in this study as pharmacological effects not genotoxicity. 3. Micronucleus test: No significant changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes among 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to negative control were detected in all "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts-dosing groups tested. Conclusions : From above-mentioned results, it is concluded that "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts have not any genotoxicity against In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Objectives: Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising nine medicinal herbs, and it is used for reducing fatigue in Korea. SHT exerts various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, and protection against acute hepatotoxicity. However, the genotoxicity of SHT has not yet been established. Methods: Ten components were identified in SHT water extract by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. We assessed the genotoxicity of SHT by using bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests. Results: The contents of paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin apioside in SHT were 15.57, 6.94, and 3.48 mg/g extract, respectively. SHT did not increase the revertant colonies of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Although SHT did not induce structurally abnormal chromosomes in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells in the presence of metabolic activity, the number of structurally aberrated chromosomes increased dose-dependently in the absence of metabolic activity. In the in vivo micronucleus test, SHT did not affect the formation of micronuclei compared with the vehicle control. Conclusions: Genotoxicity of SHT was not observed in the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. However, based on the results of chromosome aberration test, it can be presumed that SHT has the potential to induce genotoxicity because it induced structurally abnormal chromosomes in the absence of metabolic activity.