• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify predictors of drug dosage calculation error risk in newly graduated nurses. Methods: A total of 115 newly graduated nurses who passed their employment examination, but didn't work for hospital yet, were recruited from a university hospital. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The mean score of 'drug dosage calculation ability' was $0.81{\pm}0.16$ and the mean score of 'certainty of calculation' was $2.95{\pm}0.60$ out of a 5 point scale. The error risk of drug dosage calculation was positively related to anxiety for drug dosage calculations (r=.388, p<.001), but negatively related to interest and confidence in mathematics (r=-.468, p<.001), confidence related to dosage calculations (r=-.426, p<.001). The main predictors of error risk related drug calculations in newly graduated nurses were identified as interest and confidence in mathematics (${\beta}$=-.468, p<.001). This factor explained about 21.9% of the variance in error risk of drug dosage calculation. Conclusion: The strategies used to decrease the error risk related drug dosage calculation such as improving interest and confidence in mathematics should be developed and implemented.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1971

The method of assessing drug availability has been the subject of much concern and the equation is presented to estimate the drug availability of dosage forms and to calculate the desirable rates of drug absorption in a model. $Xmax/X_0=(k_1/k_2)^{{\frac{1}{1-^-k_1/k_2}}}$ To facilitate the calculations involved in the equation, a program in Fortran with Format was used in the IBM 1130 digital computer system. Using availability, $Xmax/X_0$, and the given rates of elimination from the blood, the desirable rates of drug absorption in the model were calculated and shown in detail. Applicabiliy of the equation to estimate the drug availability of dosage forms in the model was demonstrated with different sets of data from the literatures.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of drug calculation competence of nursing students. Methods: A total of 120 students were recruited from 3 universities from November 10 to 20, 2011. The instruments for this study were drug calculation competence, self-efficacy for drug dosage calculation, anxiety for drug dosage calculation, and the academic self-efficacy scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-square test, t-test, Scheffe test, partial correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The mean score of good competence group was $0.67{\pm}0.08$ and the mean score of no-good competence group was $0.42{\pm}0.10$. The drug calculation competence was positively related to self-efficacy for drug dosage calculation and academic self-efficacy scale, but negatively related to anxiety for drug dosage calculation after controlling personal attributes. The main predictors of drug calculation competence in nursing students were identified as anxiety for drug dosage calculation (${\beta}$=-.25, p=.046), academic self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.19, p=.035). These two factors explained about 10% of variance in drug calculation competence. Conclusion: Based on the results, the strategies reducing the anxiety for drug dosage calculation and improving the academic self-efficacy should be developed and implemented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.689-698
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to develop and evaluate a drug dosage calculation training program using cognitive loading theory based on a smartphone application. Calculation ability, dosage calculation related self-efficacy and anxiety were measured. Methods: A nonequivalent control group design was used. Smartphone application and a handout for self-study were developed and administered to the experimental group and only a handout was provided for control group. Intervention period was 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 18.0. Results: The experimental group showed more 'self-efficacy for drug dosage calculation' than the control group (t=3.82, p<.001). Experimental group students had higher ability to perform drug dosage calculations than control group students (t=3.98, p<.001), with regard to 'metric conversion' (t=2.25, p =.027), 'table dosage calculation' (t=2.20, p =.031) and 'drop rate calculation' (t=4.60, p<.001). There was no difference in improvement in 'anxiety for drug dosage calculation'. Mean satisfaction score for the program was 86.1. Conclusion: These results indicate that this drug dosage calculation training program using smartphone application is effective in improving dosage calculation related self-efficacy and calculation ability. Further study should be done to develop additional interventions for reducing anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of confidence for drug calculation in the relationship between interest in medication and drug calculation competency using learning style. Methods: Participants in this study were 421 nursing students from Busan and Kyungnam province. The scales of learning style, interest in medication, importance of perception, confidence for drug calculation, and drug calculation competency for nursing students were used in this study. Descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: Learning styles of the participants were diverger 19.0%, accommodator 30.9%, converger 21.1%, and assimilator 29.0%. The drug dose calculation competency of participants was relatively low with a mean score 66.73. There were significant positive correlations among drug dose calculation competency, interest in medication (r=.31, p<.001), and confidence for drug calculation (r=.44, p<.001). Confidence for drug calculation was a moderator between interests in medication and drug calculation competency. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, confidence for drug calculation promoting strategy such as medication reconciliation and various learning technology for improving drug calculation competency are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to externally validate a new dosing scheme for busulfan. Thirty-seven adult patients who received busulfan as conditioning therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) participated in this prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive intravenous busulfan, either as the conventional dosage (3.2 mg/kg daily) or according to the new dosing scheme based on their actual body weight (ABW) ($23{\times}ABW^{0.5}mg\;daily$) targeting an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of $5924{\mu}M{\cdot}min$. Pharmacokinetic profiles were collected using a limited sampling strategy by randomly selecting 2 time points at 3.5, 5, 6, 7 or 22 hours after starting busulfan administration. Using an established population pharmacokinetic model with NONMEM software, busulfan concentrations at the available blood sampling times were predicted from dosage history and demographic data. The predicted and measured concentrations were compared by a visual predictive check (VPC). Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimators were estimated to calculate the predicted AUC ($AUC_{PRED}$). The accuracy and precision of the $AUC_{PRED}$ values were assessed by calculating the mean prediction error (MPE) and root mean squared prediction error (RMSE), and compared with the target AUC of $5924{\mu}M{\cdot}min$. VPC showed that most data fell within the 95% prediction interval. MPE and RMSE of $AUC_{PRED}$ were -5.8% and 20.6%, respectively, in the conventional dosing group and -2.1% and 14.0%, respectively, in the new dosing scheme group. These findings demonstrated the validity of a new dosing scheme for daily intravenous busulfan used as conditioning therapy for HCT.