• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.533-540
• /
• 2022

Thunberg fritillary (Fritillaria thunbergii), a perennial used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is a members of the family Liliaceae. The degeneration of germplasm is a severe problem in the production of Fritillaria thunbergii var. chekiangensis. However, no information about viral infections of F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis has been reported. In this study, we sequenced the small RNAs of F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis from leaves and bulbs, and viruses were identified using a phylogenetic analysis and BLAST search for sequence. In addition, multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to rapidly detect viruses in this variety. Our study first reported that five viruses infected F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis. Among them, fritillary virus Y (FVY), lily mottle virus (LMoV), Thunberg fritillary mosaic virus (TFMV), and hop yellow virus (HYV) had been reported in F. thunbergii, while apple stem grooving virus was first reported in the genus Fritillaria. A multiplex RT-PCR method was developed to rapidly test the four viruses FVY, LMoV, TFMV, and HYV in F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis. Our results provide a better understanding of the infection of F. thunbergii var. chekiangensis by viruses and a basic reference for the better design of suitable control measures.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2014

O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii are reported to possess many pharmacological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertension, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. However, their anti-cancer activities in human breast cancer have not been clearly elucidated yet. Objectives: In the present study, we compared the in vitro cytotoxic effects of single and complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: After we treated human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. we evaluated viability, growth inhibition, morphological changes, apoptotic body formation, measurement of the cell cycle and formation of DNA fragmentation of these cells. Results: We found that single treatment of O. diffusa and F. thunbergii could inhibit cell proliferation in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. However, complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii had weak or no effect on the cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The first, anti-proliferative effects of O. diffusa in MDA-MB-231 cells was associated with G2/M arrest of cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. The second, anti-proliferative effect of F. thunbergii in MDA-MB-231 cells was associated with apoptotic cell death. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that O. diffusa and F. thunbergii may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human breast cancer cells, further studies will be needed to identify the molecular mechanisms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.69 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 1985

Pinus thunbergii ${\times}$ P. massoniana $F_1$ hybrids were made by pollinating 15 years old Japanese black pine (P. thunbergii) with Masson pine (P. massoniana) pollen, air-shipped from Taiwan. The crossability between two species were observed. Seedling height, morphological characteristics, and the composition of phenolic compounds of these hybrids and the open-pollinated progenies of P. thunbergii were investigated. The results of the observation were as follows; 1) Number of the hybrid seeds per cone was 2.3, while open-pollinated Japanese black pine produced 26 seeds per cone. 2) All hybrid seedlings outgrew P. thunbergii, averaging 151% of mean height of Japanese black pine seedlings. The growth of hybrids was much variable, ranging from 120% to 208% of mean height of the open-pollinated progenies of P. thunbergii. 3) With regard to needle characteristics, the hybrid needles were longer and softer than those of P. thunbergii. The color of hybrid needles showed yellowish green. The positions of resin ducts in P. thunbergii observed medial, while those of hybrids showed medial and external. 4) No large difference in phenolic compound composition between hybrid and P. thunbergii was found, but phenolic compound of unknown 4 and 6 were observed only in hybrid. Further intensive work is recommended in this area.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.310-316
• /
• 2014

Oldenlandia diffusa, Cremastra appendiculata and Fritillaria thunbergii are widely distributed in the Korea, China and Japan, and has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases, such as pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis, goiter and stomach ulcer. However, the anti-cancer activities in human breast cancer have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, it was compared the in vitro cytotoxic effects of single and complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. We treat human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii. And we evaluated viability, growth inhibition, morphological changes, apoptotic bodies formation, measurement of the cell cycle and formation of DNA fragmentation of these cells. It was found that single treatment of O. diffusa could inhibit the cell proliferation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. However, complex treatment of O. diffusa, C. appendiculata and F. thunbergii is weakly or not affect the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. And anti-proliferative effects of O. diffusa in MCF-7 cells was associated with G1 arrest of cell cycle. These findings suggest that O. diffusa may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human breast cancer cells and further studies will be needed to identify the molecular mechanisms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.52-54
• /
• 2000

Pitch canker of Pinus rigida, caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, was first noticed in Inchon, Korea, and is now being spread into other plantations of pines. Typical symptoms re resin flows from canders on the shoots, branches, and trunks, and resin-soaking of the sap wood under the bark. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from the infected shoots, branches, and sees on Fusarium-selective medium. Mycelial growth and microscopic characteristics were examined. Pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculating four common species of pines (P. rigida, P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. koraiensis) in Korea. P. rigida and P. thunbergii showed symptoms identical to those of naturally infected trees, while P. densiflora and P. koraiensis remained free symptomless.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.41-41
• /
• 2019

The genus Ficus L., containing approximately 850 species, is by far the largest genus in the Moraceae. They are mainly distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical countries. In South Korea, there are three native Ficus (including F. erecta Thunb, F. sarmentosa var. nipponica (Franch. & Sav.) Corner, and F. thunbergii Maxim.). Among them, F. erecta is effectively natural resources for the improvement of senile cognitive impairment. However, the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and information of F. erecta have not been addressed. Therefore, in this study, we provide the complete cp genome of F. erecta and its allied species using next-generation sequencing technology. The chloroplast of Ficus species has typical structure which includes large and small single copy regions and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs). The sizes of cp genomes range from 160,276 bp to 160,603 bp. To determine the phylogenetic positions of these species, we conducted a maximum likelihood analysis using common protein-coding genes in chloroplast sequences. Also, we describe a newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using multiplex PCR to identify F. erecta based on amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique. We analyzed matK, atpB of the chloroplast genes and ITS from F. erecta and three related taxa, F. carica, F. sarmentosa var. nipponica and F. thunbergii. It provides useful information for molecular identification between F. erecta and related Korean native species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.353-362
• /
• 2014

In this study, we investigated the effect of geographical variations on Sargassum thunbergii morphology to make a taxonomic reconsideration about infraspecific taxa in this species. In order to examine the morphological characteristics of S. thunbergii, total 27 matured and morphologically intact thalli were collected from the east, west and south coast in spring 2011. Interestingly, it was observed that the species populations on the west coast were characterized by short, thin and coarse thallus, and soft texture. However, the populations on the east coast showed thicker thallus, larger leaf and vesicle, and tougher texture. Thallus height of S. thunbergii was found to be similar at both east and west coast. Further, the height of the thallus and lateral branch of the species populations residing south coast were highest whereas the size of leaf and vesicle are shortest, in comparison with east and west coast species. Although morphological characteristics of the north east coast populations corresponded to the original description of S. thunbergii f. latifolium, we could not find exact morphological features and diagnostic characters to distinguish form in S. thunbergii. These results indicated that it is not the optimal characteristics to identify infraspecific form in this species. In contrast, morphological variations may signify the adaptation of this species to local environmental factors. Thus, we recommend that intraspecific morphological variation of S. thunbergii should be carefully used to identify infraspecific taxa.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.82 no.2
• /
• pp.166-175
• /
• 1993

The genetic variation patterns at 23 loci coding for 16 isozymes in eight natural populations of Pinus densiflora for. erects distributed in Kangwon-Kyungbuk region and 17 populations of Pinus densiflora and 13 populations of Pinus thunbergii were compared. The absence of marker alleles specific to P. thunbergii and almost the same allele-frequency distributions to those of P. densiflora did not support the hypothesis that P. densiflora for. erecta is a introgressive hybrid between P. densiflora and P. thunbergii. From the results of the hierarchial analysis of population differentiation using Wright's F statistics(1978), the frequency distributions of single-locus distance coefficients and other genetic analysis (genetic distance, cluster analysis, factor analysis, resin duct analysis), it was concluded that Pinus densiflora for. erecta cannot be treated genetically as a distinct group from other natural populations of P. densiflora.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.420-428
• /
• 2009

In this study, the variation of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of F. circinatum from 2 damaged sites in Jeju-Island were compared with a known Fusarium circinatum using molecular biological techniques. Two- and four-year-old seedlings of Pinus rigida${\times}$Pinus x rigitaeda and two-, three- and six-year-old seedlings of P. thunbergii were inoculated with one of the most virulent isolates, FT-7, to determine differences in susceptibility. In site 1 (FT), 13 isolates of F. circinatum were isolated from 14 individuals and in site 2 (FS), 7 isolates of F. circinatum were isolated from 9 individuals. No difference was found in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes in the FS and FT isolates, and also even in the known isolate of F. circinatum, FE 1-1. However, the ITS sequences of the FS and FT isolates differed from those of a fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Two-year-old seedlings of P. rigida${\times}$P. x rigitaeda showed higher susceptibility (93.3% of mortality) than four-year-old ones. Three-year-old seedlings of P. thunbergii showed the highest susceptibility (66.7% of mortality) compared to those at other ages in the same species. We found a positive correlation between basal diameter and lesion length in the seedlings of P. rigida${\times}$P. x rigitaeda ($R^2=0.66$) and P. thunbergii (p < 0.0001), respectively. There were significant differences in susceptibility by the age of seedlings in each of P. rigida${\times}$P. x rigitaeda (p < 0.0001) and P. thunbergii (p < 0.0001) based on lesion length.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2010

A half-sib family of two 4-year-old seedlings of Pinus $\times$ rigitaeda was inoculated with each of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of Fusarium circinatum (syn. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini) from two pitch canker damaged sites in Jeju Island, South Korea. Initial symptoms of needle damages were visible on most of the seedlings at 18 days after inoculation. The 20 tested isolates were not significantly different in virulence, based on lesion lengths at the site of inoculation (P = 0.217). The most virulent isolate FT-7 showed the longest lesion length. Some seedlings began to die 46 days after inoculation. All seedlings were dead by 68 days after inoculation except two seedlings inoculated with each of isolates FS-2 and FS-13, respectively. Using the FT-7, 38-year-old 11 P. $\times$ rigitaeda trees, which were survived from a seed orchard severely damaged by pitch canker, were inoculated on branches in the seed orchard in Jeju Island to assess differences in susceptibility to pitch canker. The 11 trees differed significantly (P < 0.001) in susceptibility to F. circinatum based on average lesion lengths measured 56 days after inoculation. It is possible that induced resistance contributed to their capacity to limit lesion development. The susceptibility of natural selection P. $\times$ rigitaeda trees are more likely affected by interaction with F. circinatum rather than environmental conditions.