• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1999

A series of experiments were conducted to examine on what stimulus giant danio (Danio malabaricus) were mainly responsible for detecting alarm substance. When 0.15 ml alarm substance (10 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed no notable change in swimming pattern. However, the introduction of 1.5 ml alarm substance (100 ppm) could induce fright reaction about in 6 minutes. Further, when 15 ml alarm substance (1,000 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed the following fright reaction in a few seconds; suppressing to feed diet, no swimming, strong chasing, and visual alertness. In detecting alarm substance, fish were mainly depending on the chemical stimulus (nares) rather than the vision stimulus (eyes) because fish detected alarm substance by the chemical cue showed the significantly stronger fright reaction than by the visual cue. The time for fish to show the initial fright reaction after detecting alarm substance by the chemical cue was shorter than by the visual cue. Also after alarm substance was introduced into the tank, olfaction-deprived fish showed significantly weaker fright reaction and less frequency of chasing than the normal fish which detected alarm substance by both olfaction and gustation stimulus. These results indicated that chemical stimulus, especially olfaction might be the primary sensory modality used in the detection of the alarm substance for giant danio.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study was to confirm the Chiljeong (七情) characteristics of Hwa-byung patients using the core seven-emotions inventory-short form. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study based on the electronic medical records from a Korean medicine hospital. We included patients who were diagnosed with Hwa-byung and examined with Core Seven-Emotions Inventory-short Form (CSEI-S) during hospitalization periods. We presented the characteristics of Hwa-byung by demographic information, CSEI-S, Hwa-byung scale, and Korean Symptom Checklist 95. A correlation analysis was performed between CSEI-S and other clinical and psychological characteristics. Results: The Chiljeong characteristics of Hwa-byung were high in the order of Sorrow (悲), Thought (思), Fear (恐), Fright (驚), Depression (憂), Joy (喜), and Anger (怒). There was no significant difference between each emotion. After combined Korean medical treatment, Sorrow (悲) and Thought (思) significantly decreased. There were static correlations between sorrow (悲) and fright (驚), thought (思) and sorrow (悲), depression (憂) and sorrow (悲), depression (憂) and fright (驚), thought (思) and depression (憂), fear (恐) and fright (驚), anger (怒) and thought (思), thought (思) and fright (驚), sorrow (悲) and fear (恐). Sorrow (悲) and Hwa-byung characteristics scale showed static correlation. Joy (喜) showed a static correlation with disharmony between the heart and kidney scores of the Hwa-byung pattern identification. Between KSCL-95 and CSEI-S, static correlation appeared in depression (憂) with depression, anxiety, and sleep problem scale, sorrow (悲) with depression and anxiety, fright (驚) with depression and obsessive symptoms. Conclusions: Despite several limitations due to the study design and small sample size, this research successfully used CSEI-S to study the Chiljeong (七情) characteristics of Hwa-byung for the first time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

This research requires personal, psychological analysis which reflect korean culture's characteristics and emotions for stage-fright and factors of fear-causing, solution-centered, humanism, recognition-acting by approaching through psychology counsel. It studies former stage, and base on this psychological therapy. It can be suggested that applying various psychological arbitration training program. Also stage fear and fright which factors are not overcome and explained, with them It is necessary to show alternative plan with put physiological analysis together, with this procedure, The goal is to develop systematical and synthetic training course.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

This Chapter mentioned Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸) and Hemorrhagic disease(血證). Terror and Palpitation due to FrightAcctually Terror(驚) is different from Palpitation(悸). Terror(驚) is one of the seven emotions. But in this case, It refer to the Palpitation and the uneasiness of mind due to one's hearing a strange sound of seeing a strange. Tremulous Pulse can be appear. So Terror(驚) is caused by Exopathic Factors(外因) and belongs to Excess syndrome(實證). Palpitaion(悸) is the sensation of plamus, palpitation and unrest not because of being frightened. It is usurally caused by the deficiency of Ki(氣) and blood(血). So Deep, Thready and weak pulse can be appear. So Palpitaion(悸) is caused by Endopathic Factors and belongs to Deficiency Syndrome. In this Chapter, Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸) treat with the Kyeji-ke-jakyak-ka-chokchil-moryu-yongkol-kuyuk-tang(桂枝去芍藥加蜀漆牡蠣龍骨救逆湯) and Banha-mahwang-hwan(半夏麻黃丸). There are two type in Hemorrhagic disease(血證). One is bleeding(出血) and another is blood stasis(瘀血). The contents which relate with the Hemorrhagic disease(血證) are Hematemisis(吐血), Rhinorrhagia, Hemafecia(下血). In hemorrhage pathological mechanisms, there are two mechanisms. One is that Fire and Heat(火熱) pressure blood. Another is that cold and deficiency(虛寒) disable Ki(氣) from keeping blood flowing within vessels. Blood stasis(瘀血) can be called Extravasated Blood(惡血), Coagulated Blood, Blood retention(蓄血,積血), Dead Blood(死血) and Emaciation due to Blood disorder(乾血). It refer to a morbid state of unsmooth circulation and blood stagnancy often resulting from Ki(氣) stagnation, Ki(氣) deficiency and accumulation of pathogenic coldness. The symptom of Blood stasis are 'Fullness sensation in the chest, Lip Flaccidity, Cyonotic Tongue and Dryness of Mouth'. And the man who have Blood stasis, want to rinse his mouth with the water, but he can't drink the water because there isn't interior Heat of Excess Type. The symptom of Cyonotic Tongue(舌靑) had influence on diagnosing Blood stasis(瘀血) in offspring.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2020

Objectives: The study evaluated middle-aged women using the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form (CSEI-s) followed by a correlation analysis with Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Methods: In this study, the medical records of 47 women who visited W University Oriental Medicine Hospital and completed the CSEI-s and MRS were evaluated. A total of 47 women were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science, IBM, United States of America, Version 23.0). Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation analysis were conducted. Results: 1. Approximately one-third of all subjects were more than cautious expressing joy and fright. 2. According to their educational status, high-school graduates thought they were superior to those with a bachelor's degree or above. 3. Anger was expressed with caution in the group with severe menopausal symptoms. 4. Anger, thought, depression, sorrow, fear, and fright showed a positive correlation with MRS scores. 5. Among premenopausal and postmenopausal women, fright was associated with menopausal symptoms and response by the autonomous nervous system. Conclusions: The results suggest that CSEI-s can be used to measure the psychological symptoms of middle-aged women.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.33-46
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• 2012

Objectives : Emotion is composed by several basic feelings. This basic feeling is called Chiljung in Oriental Medicine. This study examines the positive and negative affects related to Chiljung. Methods : A total of 199 students of Dongshin university oriental medicine were tested by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution ClassificationII(QSCCII) and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS). This study is used 156 students' data, excluding 43 students' data. Of the enrolled 156 students, four groups were classified by QSCCII. The positive and negative properties of Chiljung were determined by PANAS. These data were analyzed by frequency, Pearson's chi-square test, Crosstabulation Analysis with SPSS windows 15.0. Results : 1. Joy(喜) and Anger(怒) has directly-opposed emotional properties. 2. Thought(思) difficult to tell the difference between positive and negative, but it is distinct from Anxiety(憂) and Sorrow(悲) 3. Anxiety(憂) and Sorrow(悲) are superior in negative emotional properties. 4. Fear(恐) and Fright(驚) are superior in negative emotional properties, and Fright(驚) is superior over Fear(恐) in positive emotional properties. Conclusions : This study may serve as the foundation in identifying the psychological traits of Chiljung.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Background and purpose: Seven Emotions consist of Joy(喜), Anger(怒), Anxiety(憂), Thought(思), Sorrow(悲), Fear(恐), Fright(驚). If Seven Emotion is excessive, its extreme mental stimulation causes physical illness. There was no study of the Seven Emotion Disease in detail for now. Therefore the purpose of this study is to pigeonhole the Seven Emotion Disease. Methods: We extract the sentences about the Seven Emotion and related words in Donguibogam. We classify the sententences into Joy(喜), Anger(怒), Anxiety(憂), Thought(思), Sorrow(悲), Fear(恐), Fright(驚), Frustration, Mental Exhaustion, Character. We analysis pattern of Symptoms Derived from Seven Emotions. Results and Conclusions Seven Emotion give rise to various type of symptom. In special Anger cause more illness than other Seven Emotion.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.725-743
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• 2000

This study was intended to investigate the contents associated with the neuropsychosis in the medical books published in the times of Chinese dynasty of Jin and Yuan. As a result, the following findings were drawn. 1. As for palpitation from fright and severe palpitation, the medical schools in the times of Chinese Jin and Yuan dynasties viewed their causes as heart-fire, shuiqichengxin, blood vacuity, phlegm and so on and presented a prescription for each cause for them. 2. As for psychosis, medical books published in the times of Chinese Jin and Yuan dynasties accurately divided and discussed epilepsy and viewed their causes largely as Yangming heat, phlegm of chest and heart-fire. And a number of medical schools made use of such therapeutics as sweating, vomiting and diarrhea therapies. 3. As for headache, medical books published in the times of Chinese Jin and Yuan dynasties presented their causes as fire and heat, phlegm heat, phlegm and so on and classified the aspect of headache in detail. As for vacuity rexation and dysphoria, medical books at that time saw their causes as fire and heat, heart-fire, blood vacuity and so forth and presented a prescription for them accordingly. 4. Liu Wan Su was the Hanliang school. He viewed the etiological cause for psychopathy as fire and heat and prescribed largely the medication of cold nature for it. 5. Zhang Cong Zheng belonged to the Gongxia School. He viewed the etiological cause for psychopathy as fire, phlegm and so forth and made use of sweating, vomiting and diarrhea therapies. Especially, he used the 'Jingzhepingzhe' therapy as a method to treat the symptom of fright. 6. Li Gao did not any specific mention of psychopathy and divided headache due to internal injury and headache due to external contraction. 7. Zhu Zhen Heng viewed most of the etiological causes for psychopathy as phlegm, fire and deficiency of blood and attached importance to such its therapeutics as resolving phlegm, cleaning away fire and nourishing Yin. 8. Wang Hao Gu did not present the specifically common etiological cause and prescription for psychopathy but described the cause and prescription for headache, dysphoria, maniac speech, palpitation and so forth. Luo Tian Yi presented the process of psychosis due to abnormal therapy for cold demage and prescription of it. 9. Wang Lu made a detailed explanation about the therapeutics of five types of stagnated syndrome and said that stagnated syndrome became the major cause for them in the occurrence of such psychopathy. Wei Yi Lin presented the prescription and medication for comparatively diverse mental diseases such zhong-qi, severe palpitation, palpitation for fright, impaired memory, vacuity rexation, headache, psychosis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1665-1670
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• 2004

In this study, we investigate how logistics standardization affects on the cost of the firm. For this study, we survey the firms' logistics standardization. The analysis of the effects of logistics standardization in the firm level finds that the firm may reduce its cost by 11.8$\%$ with its logistics standardization and decrease the logistics cost in the total Korean firm level by 5 trillion Won. This study also finds that the logistics standardization can reduce the total fright costs by 25 trillion Won.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the emotional characteristics of adults who complained of fatigue using the Core Seven Emotion Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) followed by correlation analysis with the Chalder fatigue scale (CFQ) and Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short form (PWI-SF). Methods: In this study, the medical records of 45 participants who complained of fatigue and completed the CSEI-s, CFQ, and PWI-SF were evaluated. Records of a total of 45 adults were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25.0). Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, Independent t-test, One Way ANOVA, and Correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: 1. According to the educational status of the participants, Thought (思) was identified to be significantly higher in below college graduate than in graduate school and above. 2. As the period of complaining of fatigue increased, a significant difference was observed in Depression (憂) and Fright (驚). 3. According to the degree of fatigue, there was a significant difference in Depression (憂) and Fright (驚), and especially Depression (憂) was higher in the middle fatigue group than in the low fatigue group. 4. PWI-SF, Anger (怒), Depression (憂), and Sorrow (悲) showed a positive correlation with CFQ scores. Conclusions: The results suggest that CSEI-s can be used to measure the psychological symptoms of a patient with fatigue.