• 대기
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.269-287
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• 2009

CAT (clear-air turbulence) forecasting algorithm, the Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG) system developed at NCAR (national center for atmospheric research), is evaluated with available observations (e.g., pilot reports; PIREPs) reported in South Korea during the recent 5 years (2003-2008, excluding 2005). The GTG system includes several steps. First, 44 CAT indices are calculated in the domain of the Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) analysis data with 30 km horizontal grid spacing provided by KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration). Second, 10 indices that performed ten best forecasting scores are selected. Finally, 10 indices are combined by measuring the score based on the probability of detection, which is calculated using PIREPs exclusively of moderate-or-greater intensity. In order to investigate the best performance of the GTG system in Korea, various statistical examinations and sensitivity tests of the GTG system are performed by yearly and seasonally classified PIREPs. Performances of the GTG system based on yearly distributed PIREPs have annual variations because the compositions of indices are different from each year. Seasonal forecasting is generally better than yearly forecasting, because selected CAT indices in each season represent meteorological condition much more properly than applying the selected CAT indices to all seasons. Wintertime forecasting is the best among the four seasonal forecastings. This is likely due to that the GTG system consists of many CAT indices related to the jet stream, and turbulence associated with the jet stream can be activated mostly in wintertime under strong jet magnitude. On the other hand, summertime forecasting skill is much less than other seasons. Compared with current operational CAT prediction system (KITFA; Korean Integrated Turbulence Forecasting System), overall performance of the GTG system is better when CAT indices are selected seasonally.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2010

None of the numerous published canis idiogram and karyotypes has yet been generally accepted as a standard one because the dog has 76 acrocentric autosomes of similar size and shape. The karyotypes of DongGyeongi dog were analysed by conventional trypsin/Giemsa staining (GTG-banding techniques), and were compared with one another. There were no variations in karyotypes which were analysed by conventional GTG-banding techniques, but differences were observed in G-banding patterns with sapsaree (or canis familiaris strains). It is not clear that these disagreements in G-banding patterns between strains of dog were caused by chromosome polymorphism or a difference in interpretation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2005

Gunggui-tang has been used for the therapy of blood disorders in Hangbang medicine for long time. Also, Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been used for deficientblood patterns with an irregular pulse or palpitations, coughing and wheezing, and heat or cold in the lungs. Melanogenesis is a physiological process resulting in the synthesis of melanin pigments. We investigated whether the water extract of Gunggui-tang plus G. uralensis inhibited melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Because the molecular events connecting the regulation in tyrosinase activity remain to be elucidated, we also aimed to determine whether Gunggui-tang gamibang(GTG) affects tyrosinase at the gene activation level in the cells. First, we showed that GTG inhibited the tyrosinase promoter activity and further, down-regulated the tyrosinase protein activity in ${\alpha}-melanocyte-stimulating$ hormone $({\alpha}-MSH)-treated$ B16 melanoma cells. GTG also resulted in a decrease of melanin content in MSH-induced melanogenesis, indicating that GTG may be a useful drug in studying the regulation of melanogenesis. The pretreatment of GTG significantly prevented phosphotransferase activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) and transcriptional activation of activating protein-1 (AP-1) in MSH-treated B16 melanoma cells. These findings indicate that GTG inhibits melanogenesis of B16 melanoma cells via suppression of phosphotransferase activity of JNK1 and transcriptional activation of AP-1.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can now be applied to detect the origin of extra or missing chromosomal material in cases with common unbalanced aberrations and in prenatal investigations. This method has been used in 13 cases of fetal samples for this study; 3 for amniocytes, 2 for cord blood and 8 for abortus tissues. These samples were previously subjected to GTG-banding. Our study showed aneuploidy in 8 cases, and partial monosomy, partial trisomy or marker chromosome in the remaining 5. The CGH disclosed further small genetic imbalances in 4 of all 13 cases: a prenatal sample showing del(20)(q13) by GTG confirmed a loss of the segment 20p13-pter by CGH; a marker chromosome manifested normal CGH profile; chromosome der(?)(?;15) found in an abortus sample by GTG turned out to be a loss of 15pter-q14 (partial monosomy) and a gain of 10pter-q22 (partial trisomy); the der(15) shown by GTG represented partial trisomy of 3q24-qter. These findings show that CGH is very useful and efficient for cytogenetic investigations of clinical cases.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.605-609
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• 2002

개의 염색체수는 2n=78이며 염색체의 형태를 보면 submetacentric chromosome metacentric chromosome인 X와 Y를 제외하고 모든 상염색체가 acrocentric chromosome이며 그 크기가 작고 크기의 차이가 나지 않는 염색체들이 많아 G-banding등에 의한 핵형의 표준화가 완전하게 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 연구fl서는 G-banding high-resolution-banding NOR- banding등의 방법을 이용하여 개의 미소 염색체들에 대한 핵형 및 염색체 동정을 하고자 하였다. C-banding과 high-resolution banding에 의한 그 결과 아직 표준화가 되어 있지 않은 염색체 중 34번, 37번 등의 염색체에서 본 연구 결과가 차이가 있었으나 이는 해석상의 차이로 보이며 NOR-banding에 의한 분석결과 Y염색체와 3쌍의 상염색체에서 존재함을 확인 할 수 있었고 이는 개의 염색체 동정의 지표로 활용할 수 있으리라고 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1995

The complete open reading frame (ORF) of o-subunit of the $F_1$ ATP synthase (atPA) in Korean ginseng mitochondria was identified by the sequence similarity with atPA genes in other plant mitochondria. The sequence alignment showed that the common translation initiation codon, ATG, in plant genes was replaced with GTG valid codon in Korean ginseng. The atPA gene from GTG to TGA termination codon was 1524 nucleotides long, and the sequence homology of nucleotides and deduced amino acids revealed high values of 92~97%. A deletion event of 6 nucleotides was observed at the 1468th nucleotide from the GTG in Korean ginseng, in contrast to that at the 1450th in other plants such as pea, common bean, soybean, sugar beet, and radish. An unidentified open reading frame (on7) was observed upstream of atmA ORF. No other ATG as an initiation codon was detected in the region between off and atmA ORF in Korean ginseng, although a pyrimidine cluster "TTTTCTTTT" was located in this region as in Oenothera and maize genes. It could be supposed that GTG codon in atpA gene of Korean ginseng mitochondria would act as an initiation codon as in microbial genes.ial genes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1778-1782
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• 2017

To identify and discriminate the bacterial species at the subspecific level, rep-PCR is a reliable genomic fingerprinting tool. Fourteen strains of bacteria were isolated from different food sources, identified as Leuconostoc citreum using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and amplified using rep-primers (REP, ERIC, and $(GTG)_5$). Fingerprinting patterns generated bands in the range of 300-6,000 bp with REP, 150-6,000 bp with ERIC, and 200-1,700 bp with $(GTG)_5$ primers. In UPGMA dendrogram analysis, 14 strains were clustered into three clades (I, II, and III) with all the primers, thus differentiating them at the molecular level. The present study revealed the differentiation of L. citreum strains using rep-PCR.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2004

We investigated the cytogenetic characteristics of male black-striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarium) in Korea. Chromosome slides were obtained from blood cell cultures which were synchronized with thymidine blocking or not. In the chromosome slide which synchronization with thymidine blocking was employed on, the GTG(G bands by trypsin using Giemsa)-bands of high resolution were observed. The male black-striped field mouse has 48 chromosomes composed 46 autosomes and XY sex chromosomes. The centromeric regions of autosomes were positive to GTG-banding. According to this investigation, thymidine blocking in cell culture process was useful to get lengthened chromosomes. It may be necessary to employ RBG-banding technique to investigate complementary band patterns between R- and G-banding in black-striped field mouse.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2002

Genetic relatedness of medically important Exophiala species such as E. dermatitidis, E. mansonii, and three E. jeanselmei varieties: jeanselmei, lecanii-corni, and heteromorpha was examined using PCR-RFLP(restriction fragment length polymorphism) of ribosomal DNA, M-13, $(GTG)_5$ and nucleotide sequences of ribosomal ITS(internal transcribed space) II regions. Three E. jeanselmei varieties showing distinct band patterns for each DNA markers as well as different nucleotide sequences of ribosomal ITS II regions could be considered as a separate species. E. dermatitidis and E. mansonii demonstrated the identical band patterns of RFLP of ribosomal DNA, M-13, and $(GTG)_5$ markers. However, nucleotides sequences of ribosomal ITS II region were different between these two species.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

The karyotype of the domestic dog is widely accepted as one of the difficult mammalian karyotypes to work. In contrast to many other animals, knowledge about the canine karyotype is quite sparse. The dog has a total of 78 chromosomes; all 76 autosomes are acrocentric in morphology and show only a gradual decrease in length. But appear to be quite small and difficult to identify unambiguously. To purchased standardization of chromosome in Korea native dog, there were analyzed by conventional trypsin/Giemsa staining (GTG-banding techniques), and were compared with 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 17 chromosome. There were no variations in karyotypes which were analyzed by conventional GTG-banding techniques, but differences were observed in G-banding patterns with Sapsaree, Jindo, Gyeongju DongGyeong dogs, Welshi-Corgi. It is not clear that these disagreements in G-banding patterns between strains of dog were caused by chromosome polymorphism or a difference in interpretation. Comparative analysis of the distribution patterns of conserved segments defined by dog paints in the genomes of the Korea native dogs demonstrates that their differences in the karyotypes of these three species could have resulted from acrocentric banding patterns.