• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.601-618
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• 2024

The joint probability distribution of uncertain geomechanical parameters of geotechnical strata is a crucial aspect in constructing the reliability functional function for roof structures. However, due to the limited number of on-site exploration and test data samples, it is challenging to conduct a scientifically reliable analysis of roof geotechnical strata. This study proposes a Copula method based on small sample exploration and test data to construct the intensity characteristics of roof geotechnical strata. Firstly, the theory of multidimensional copula is systematically introduced, especially the construction of four-dimensional Gaussian copula. Secondly, data from measurements of 176 groups of geomechanical parameters of roof geotechnical strata in 31 coal mines in China are collected. The goodness of fit and simulation error of the four-dimensional Gaussian Copula constructed using the Pearson method, Kendall method, and Spearman methods are analyzed. Finally, the fitting effects of positive and negative correlation coefficients under different copula functions are discussed respectively. The results demonstrate that the established multidimensional Gaussian Copula joint distribution model can scientifically represent the uncertainty of geomechanical parameters in roof geotechnical strata. It provides an important theoretical basis for the study of reliability functional functions for roof structures. Different construction methods for multidimensional Gaussian Copula yield varying simulation effects. The Kendall method exhibits the best fit in constructing correlations of geotechnical parameters. For the bivariate Copula fitting ability of uncertain parameters in roof geotechnical strata, when the correlation is strong, Gaussian Copula demonstrates the best fit, and other Copula functions also show remarkable fitting ability in the region of fixed correlation parameters. The research results can offer valuable reference for the stability analysis of roof geotechnical engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1477-1488
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• 2013

In this study, we analyze the dependence structure of KOSPI and NYSE indices based on a two-step estimation procedure. In the rst step, we adopt ARMA-GARCH models with Gaussian mixture innovations for marginal processes. In the second step, time-varying copula parameters are estimated. By using these, we measure the dependence between the two returns with Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho. The two dependence measures for various copulas are illustrated.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-79
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• 2021

Value at Risk (VaR) is one of the most common risk management tools in finance. Since a portfolio of several assets, rather than one asset portfolio, is advantageous in the risk diversification for investment, VaR for a portfolio of two or more assets is often used. In such cases, multivariate distributions of asset returns are considered to calculate VaR of the corresponding portfolio. Copulas are one way of generating a multivariate distribution by identifying the dependence structure of asset returns while allowing many different marginal distributions. However, they are used mainly for bivariate distributions and are not widely used in modeling joint distributions for many variables in finance. In this study, we would like to examine the performance of various copulas for high dimensional data and several different dependence structures. This paper compares copulas such as elliptical, vine, and hierarchical copulas in computing the VaR of portfolios to find appropriate copula functions in various dependence structures among asset return distributions. In the simulation studies under various dependence structures and real data analysis, the hierarchical Clayton copula shows the best performance in the VaR calculation using four assets. For marginal distributions of single asset returns, normal inverse Gaussian distribution was used to model asset return distributions, which are generally high-peaked and heavy-tailed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2014

We study the dependence between the insureds in multiple-life insurance contracts. With the future lifetimes of the insureds modeled as correlated random variables, both premium and reserve are different from those under independence. In this paper, Gaussian copula is used to impose the dependence between the insureds with Gompertz marginals. We analyze the change of the reserves of standard multiple-life insurance contracts at various dependence levels. We find that the reserves based on the assumption of dependent lifetimes are quite different for some contracts from those under independence as its correlation increase, which elucidate the importance of the dependence model in multiple-life contingencies in both theory and practice.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.261-282
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• 2017

The probabilistic information of directional extreme wind speeds is important for precisely estimating the design wind loads on structures. A new joint probability distribution model of directional extreme wind speeds is established based on observed wind-speed data using multivariate extreme value theory with the t-Copula function in the present study. At first, the theoretical deficiencies of the Gaussian-Copula and Gumbel-Copula models proposed by previous researchers for the joint probability distribution of directional extreme wind speeds are analysed. Then, the t-Copula model is adopted to solve this deficiency. Next, these three types of Copula models are discussed and evaluated with Spearman's rho, the parametric bootstrap test and the selection criteria based on the empirical Copula. Finally, the extreme wind speeds for a given return period are predicted by the t-Copula model with observed wind-speed records from several areas and the influence of dependence among directional extreme wind speeds on the predicted results is discussed.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.571-575
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• 2010

Drought is a natural hazard with different properties that are usually dependent to each other. Therefore, a multivariate model is often used for drought frequency analysis. The Copula based bivariate drought severity and duration frequency analysis is applied in the current study in order to show the effect of tail behavior of drought severity and duration on the selection of a copula function for drought bivariate frequency analysis. Four copula functions, namely Clayton, Gumbel, Frank and Gaussian, were fitted to drought data of four stations in Iran and Canada in different climate regions. The drought data are calculated based on standardized precipitation index time series. The performance of different copula functions is evaluated by estimating drought bivariate return periods in two cases, [$D{\geq}d$ and $S{\geq}s$] and [$D{\geq}d$ or $S{\geq}s$]. The bivariate return period analysis indicates the behavior of the tail of the copula functions on the selection of the best bivariate model for drought analysis.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1097-1114
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• 2014

연생보험은 보험가입자 2인의 생사여부에 따라 보험금을 지급하는 보험상품이다. 보험실무에서는 연생보험 가입자들의 장래생존기간을 독립으로 가정하고 보험료를 산출한다. 그러나 보험가입자들 사이에 존재하는 상관성을 고려할 때 이는 합리적이지 않다. 또한 보험가입자들의 생존분포와 독립적인 커먼-쇽(common shock)을 연생보험에 반영하면 다양한 지급조건을 설정할 수 있는데 이에 대한 충분한 고려가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 커먼-쇽(common shock)을 연생보험에 적용하고, 코퓰라(copula)를 이용하여 가입자들의 장래생존기간 간에 존재하는 상관성을 반영한 후 분석을 수행한다. 또한 연생보험가입자에 대한 확률변수를 추가적으로 고려하여 기존의 연생모형에서 다루지 못했던 새로운 상품을 설계하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 보험료를 계산한다. 그리고 그 결과를 바탕으로 본 논문에서 제시한 모형이 연생상품에 다양하게 적용 가능함을 논하고자 한다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2017

우리는 이변량 경시적 자료의 조건부 결합 분포를 추정하기 위하여 회귀 모형과 코플라 모형을 연구하였다. 주변 분포의 추정을 위하여 시변 변환 모형을 고려하였고, 이변량 반응변수 각각에 대한 주변 분포를 가우시안 코플라를 이용하여 결합하여 조건부 결합 분포를 추정하였다. 우리가 제안한 모형은 조건부 평균 모형만으로 자료를 설명하기 어려운 경우에 적용될 수 있다. 시변 변환 모형과 가우시안 코플라 모형을 결합한 본 논문의 방법은 반복 측정된 이변량 경시적 자료에 대한 모형화가 용이하며 해석하기 쉬운 장점이 있다. 우리는 본 논문의 방법을 반복 측정된 이변량 콜레스테롤 자료를 분석하는데 적용하여 보았다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.753-771
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• 2016

금융기관의 위험관리를 위한 중요한 도구로서 현재 VaR가 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 코퓰러 함수들을 이용하여 극단치이론과 GARCH 모형을 결합한 일변량분포로부터 구축한 다변량분포들을 바탕으로 코스피, 다우존스, 상하이 그리고 니케이 지수들로 구성된 포트폴리오의 VaR 추정과 그 성과에 관해 논의하였다. 사후검증 결과 전체적으로 볼 때 가우시안, t, 클레이톤, 프랭크 코퓰러를 사용한 t-분포의 오차항을 가진 변동성 모형들이 포트폴리오 VaR의 측정에 적합한 모형들로 나타났으며, 특히 프랭크 코퓰러의 경우에 가장 우수한 성과를 나타내었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.445-459
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• 2014

This paper investigates the dependence structure of Korean financial markets (stock, foreign exchange (FX) rates and bond) using copula-GARCH and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models. We examine GJR-GARCH with skewed elliptical distributions and four copulas (Gaussian, Student's t, Clayton and Gumbel) to model dependence among returns, and then employ DCC model to describe system-wide correlation dynamics. We analyze the daily returns of KOSPI, FX (WON/USD) and KRX bond index (Gross Price Index) from $2^{nd}$ May 2006 to $30^{th}$ June 2014 with 2,063 observations. Empirical result shows that there is significant asymmetry and fat-tail of individual return, and strong tail-dependence among returns, especially between KOSPI and FX returns, during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis period. Focused only on recent 30 months, we find that the correlation between stock and bond markets shows dramatic increase, and system-wide correlation wanders around zero, which possibly indicates market tranquility from a systemic perspective.