• 과학기술학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-73
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• 2003

최근 생명공학의 발전에 따라 배아복제나 유전자 정보은행 등과 관련된 주제를 둘러싸고 많은 논란이 야기되고 있는 상황이다. 특히 인간게놈프로젝트의 진전에 힘입어 범죄수사를 위한 개인식별이나 질병 진단 및 검사뿐만 아니라 각종 비의료적 검사에 이르기까지 유전자 검사가 현재 무분별하게 확산되는 추세이다. 문제는, 개인의 유전정보는 사회적으로 매우 민감한 성격을 지님에도 불구하고 이러한 유전자 검사의 확산은 필연적으로 유전자 프라이버시의 침해를 가져올 가능성을 높여준다는 데 있다. 이처럼 유전정보 보호에 대한 사회적 관심이 제고되고 있는 상황에서, 유전정보 보호를 둘러싼 사회적 논의과정에 일반 시민들이 직접 참여할 수 있는 제도적 틀을 만들어 제공하는 것이 그 어느 때보다 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 이러한 문제의식에 입각하여, 이 글에서는 먼저 인간 유전정보의 이용을 둘러싼 사회적 쟁점을 개인식별, 질병 진단 및 검사, 그리고 비의료적 검사의 세 측면에서 살펴보고, 이어 생명공학 분야에서 국내 외에서 시행되었던 다양한 시민참여의 경험들에 대한 검토를 거친 다음에, 향후 우리나라 정부가 유전정보 보호정책의 입안과 관련하여 취해야 할 바람직한 시민참여 방안을 모색해 본다.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.83-83
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• 2003

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1355-1359
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• 2004

Japanese Black cattle of Hyogo prefecture (Tajima strain) are famous for its ability to produce high-quality meat and have been maintained as a closed system for more than 80 years. In order to assess the usefulness of microsatellite markers in closed cattle populations, and evaluate the genetic structure of the Tajima strain, we analyzed representative dams of the Tajima strain comprised of the substrains Nakadoi and Kinosaki. Genetic variability analyses indicated low genetic diversity in the Tajima strain. In addition, a recent genetic bottleneck, which could be accounted for by the high level of inbreeding, was detected in both substrains. In phylogenetic analyses, relationship coefficients and genetic distances between individuals were calculated using pedigree and microsatellite information. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed from microsatellite and pedigree information using the UPGMA method. Both trees illustrated that most individuals were distinguished clearly on the basis of the two substrains, although in the microsatellite tree some individuals appeared in clusters of different substrains. Comparing the two phylogenetic trees revealed good consistency between the microsatellite analysis tree and the pedigree information. The correlation coefficient between genetic distances derived from microsatellite and pedigree information was 0.686 with a high significance level (p<0.001). These results indicated that microsatellite information may provide data substantially equivalent to pedigree information even in unusually inbred herds of cattle, and suggested that microsatellite markers may be useful in revealing genetic structure without accurate or complete pedigree nformation. Japanese Black cattle of Hyogo prefecture (Tajima strain) are famous for its ability to produce high-quality meat and have been maintained as a closed system for more than 80 years. In order to assess the usefulness of microsatellite markers in closed cattle populations, and evaluate the genetic structure of the Tajima strain, we analyzed representative dams of the Tajima strain comprised of the substrains Nakadoi and Kinosaki. Genetic variability analyses indicated low genetic diversity in the Tajima strain. In addition, a recent genetic bottleneck, which could be accounted for by the high level of inbreeding, was detected in both substrains. In phylogenetic analyses, relationship coefficients and genetic distances between individuals were calculated using pedigree and microsatellite information. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed from microsatellite and pedigree information using the UPGMA method. Both trees illustrated that most individuals were distinguished clearly on the basis of the two substrains, although in the microsatellite tree some individuals appeared in clusters of different substrains. Comparing the two phylogenetic trees revealed good consistency between the microsatellite analysis tree and the pedigree information. The correlation coefficient between genetic distances derived from microsatellite and pedigree information was 0.686 with a high significance level (p<0.001). These results indicated that microsatellite information may provide data substantially equivalent to pedigree information even in unusually inbred herds of cattle, and suggested that microsatellite markers may be useful in revealing genetic structure without accurate or complete pedigree information.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Unprecedented amount of genetic information being generated from the result of Human Genome Project (HGP) and advances in genetic research is already forcing changes in the paradigm of health and disease. The ultimate goal of genetic medicine is to use genetic information and technology to develop new ways of treatment or even prevention of the disease on an individual level for 'personalized medicine'. Genetics is play ing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, monitoring and management of common multifactorial diseases in addition to rare single-gene disorders. While wide range of genetic testing have provided benefits to patients and family, uncertainties surrounding test interpretation, the current lack of available medical options for the diseases, and risks for discrimination and social stigmatization may remain to be resolved. However an increasing number of genetic tests are becoming commercially available, including direct to consumer genetic testing, yet public is often unaw are of their clinical and social implications. The personal nature of information generated by a genetic test, its power to affect major life decisions and family members, and its potential misuse raise important ethical considerations. Therefore appropriate genetic counseling is needed for patient to be informed with the benefits, limitations and risks of genetic tests, prior to informed consent for the tests. Physician also should be familiar with the legal and ethical issues involved in genetic testing to tell patients how w ell a particular genetic risk factor relates with likelihood of disease, and be able to provide appropriate genetic counseling. Genetic counseling become a mandatory requirement as global standard for many genetic testing such as prenatal diagnosis, presymtomatic DNA diagnostic tests and cancer susceptibility gene test for familial cancer syndrome. In oder to meet the challenge of genetic medicine of 21 century in korean health care system, professional education program and certification board for medical genetics specialist including non-MD genetic counselors should be addressed by medical society and regulatory policy of national health insurance reimbursement for genetic counseling to be in place to promote the implementation of clinical genetic service including genetic counseling for proper genetic testing.

• 의료법학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.237-264
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• 2017

인간게놈프로젝트의 시작과 함께 그 사회적 부작용의 하나로 거론되었던 '유전정보 차별'의 문제가 아직 우리나라에서 크게 부각된 적은 없다. 그러나 2016년 6월 30일부터 시행된 "생명윤리 및 안전에 관한 법률"이 의료기관이 아닌 유전자검사기관의 유전자검사를 예외적으로 허용하자, 국내의 한 보험회사가 신규 암보험 가입자를 대상으로 DTC 유전자 검사를 별도의 무료 서비스로 제공하겠다고 하여 유전자 검사와 관련된 사회적 변화를 실감케 한 바 있다. 정밀의료가 의료의 새로운 표준으로 성큼 다가온 현 시점에서 유전정보 차별에 관한 규율은 더 이상 미룰 수 없는 문제가 되었다. 우리나라는 생명윤리법 제46조, 제67조에서 유전정보를 이유로 한 차별의 금지와 그 위반행위에 대한 벌칙을 규정하고 있지만, 이러한 광범위한 원칙 규정만으로는 보험, 고용 등 구체적인 유전정보 활용 영역에서의 문제점들을 충분히 해결할 수 없다. 미국, 캐나다, 영국, 독일은 상이한 방식으로 유전정보 차별의 문제를 다루고 있다. 미국의 "Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act"의 경우, 건강보험과 관련된 부분은 기존의 법에 유전정보 차별금지에 관한 내용을 추가하는 형식을 취하고 있다. 또 개인과 그 가족의 유전자 검사 결과 외에 '가족력'까지 포함하여 유전정보의 범위를 매우 넓게 규정하고 있다. 캐나다는 2017년 비교적 최근에 법을 제정하였는데, 보험과 고용 외에 '상품이나 서비스의 거래'에까지 적용범위를 확장하고 있다. 영국은 유전자 검사 중 '개인의 예측적 유전자 검사'에 대해서만 다루고 있는데, 보험의 경우 영국정부와 보험협회의 '협약'을 통해 유전정보의 활용을 2019년까지 유예하는 방식으로 규율하고 있고, 고용의 영역은 ICO가 만든 'Employment Practices Code(2011)'가 기준으로 활용되고 있다. 독일은 유전자 검사에 관한 법 "Gesetz ${\ddot{u}}ber$ genetische Untersuchungen bei Menschen"에서 고용과 보험에서의 유전자 검사 및 그 결과 제출 요구의 원칙적 금지를 규정하고 있다. 이와 같이 각 나라마다 규율형식, 적용범위 뿐만 아니라 규율의 실효성에 대한 평가도 매우 상이하다. 이러한 점에 비추어 보았을 때 우리나라의 유전정보 차별에 관한 규제 역시 관련 규정의 검토, 전문가 집단의 참여 및 이해관계자의 협력을 통해 여러 규제안의 장 단점을 충분히 검증한 후 입법의 단계로 나아가는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2925-2948
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• 2019

In order to improve the utilization of irrigation water resources of greenhouse tomatoes, a water-saving irrigation decision-making model based on genetic optimization T-S fuzzy neural network is proposed in this paper. The main work are as follows: Firstly, the traditional genetic algorithm is optimized by introducing the constraint operator and update operator of the Krill herd (KH) algorithm. Secondly, the weights and thresholds of T-S fuzzy neural network are optimized by using the improved genetic algorithm. Finally, on the basis of the real data set, the genetic optimization T-S fuzzy neural network is used to simulate and predict the irrigation volume for greenhouse tomatoes. The performance of the genetic algorithm improved T-S fuzzy neural network (GA-TSFNN), the traditional T-S fuzzy neural network algorithm (TSFNN), BP neural network algorithm(BPNN) and the genetic algorithm improved BP neural network algorithm (GA-BPNN) is compared by simulation. The simulation experiment results show that compared with the TSFNN, BPNN and the GA-BPNN, the error of the GA-TSFNN between the predicted value and the actual value of the irrigation volume is smaller, and the proposed method has a better prediction effect. This paper provides new ideas for the water-saving irrigation decision in greenhouse tomatoes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2002

An efficient molecular breeding technique for coffee plants was developed. In order to produce transgenic coffee plants, we established a model transformation procedure via Agrobacterium method. We isolated a gene encoding a protein possessing 7-methylxanthine methyltransferase (theobromine synthase) activity, and it was designated as Coffea arabica 7-methylxanthine methyl transferase; CaMXMT. Using this clone, we produced transgenic coffee plants, in which the expression of CaMXMT is suppressed by double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) andlor anti-sense methods. The expression pattern of CaMXMT was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR method and we found that, in the transformed cell lines, the level of transcripts were obviously suppressed by RNAi. The endogenous level of caffeine in the transformed cells was dramatically reduced in comparison with non-transformed cells.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회:발표눈문요지록
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• pp.27-27
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• 2000