• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1995

Pancreatic endocrine cells containing glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide were identified in the pancreas of the Korean native goat by using immunohistochemical method. Glucagon immunoreative cells were oval or fusiform in shape and located at the periphery of the pancreatic islets. Insulin immunoreactive cells were round or oval in shape and occupied throughout the pancreatic islets except the small area of the periphery. Somatostatin immunoreative cells were oval and elliptical, and mainly located at the periphery of the pancreatic islets. Some of these cells had a cytoplasmic process. Pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells were elliptical or polyhedral and located at the periphery of the pancratic islets where two or more cells formed a cell cluster. The distribution rates of glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells were 24.4%, 44.3%, 13.2% and 18.1% respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) released from enteroendocine L-cells in the intestine has incretin effects due to its ability to amplify glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Promotion of an endogenous release of GLP-1 is one of therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the secretion of GLP-1 in response to nutrient or neural stimuli can be triggered by cytosolic Ca²⁺ elevation, the stimulus-secretion pathway is not completely understood yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of reverse Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (rNCX) in Ca²⁺ entry induced by muscarinic stimulation in NCI-H716 cells, a human enteroendocrine GLP-1 secreting cell line. Intracellular Ca²⁺ was repetitively oscillated by the perfusion of carbamylcholine (CCh), a muscarinic agonist. The oscillation of cytosolic Ca²⁺ was ceased by substituting extracellular Na⁺ with Li⁺ or NMG⁺. KB-R7943, a specific rNCX blocker, completely diminished CCh-induced cytosolic Ca²⁺ oscillation. Type 1 Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX₁) proteins were expressed in NCI-H716 cells. These results suggest that rNCX might play a crucial role in Ca²⁺ entry induced by cholinergic stimulation in NCI-H716 cells, a GLP-1 secreting cell line.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1995

Ultrastructures of pancreatic endocrine cells containing glucagon, insulin, somatosratin and pancreatic polypeptide were studied in the pancreas of the Korean native goat by immunohistochemical and elecron microscopy. Glucagon immunoreatctive cells were round or fusiform in shape and contained secretory granules of 200-260 nm in diameter. The secretory granules were high in electron density and had a halo between the limiting membrane and the central granule core. Insulin immunoreactive cells were round or oval in shape, and contained various sizes of secretory granules from 135 to 300 nm in diameter. The secretory granules were low or moderate electron density and had a variform halo. Somatostatin immunoreactive cells were elliptical or fusiform shape with cytoplasmic processes. They contained the secretory granules of 140-320 nm with moderate electron densities. Pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells were elliptical or fusiform and contained small secretory granules with high electron densities. The secretory granules were 120-230 nm in diameter and the least in number.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2024

As in type 1 diabetes, the loss of pancreatic β-cells leads to insulin deficiency and the subsequent development of hyperglycemia. Exercise has been proposed as a viable remedy for hyperglycemia. Lithium, which has been used as a treatment for bipolar disorder, has also been shown to improve glucose homeostasis under the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes by enhancing the effects of exercise on the skeletal muscles. In this study, we demonstrated that unlike in obesity and type 2 diabetic conditions, under the condition of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes, lithium administration attenuated pancreatic a-cell mass without altering insulin-secreting β-cell mass, implying a selective impact on glucagon production. Additionally, we also documented that lithium downregulated the hepatic gluconeogenic program by decreasing G6Pase protein levels and upregulating AMPK activity. These findings suggest that lithium's effect on glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes is mediated through a different mechanism than those associated with exercise-induced metabolic changes in the muscle. Therefore, our research presents the novel therapeutic potential of lithium in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, which can be utilized along with insulin and independently of exercise.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.885-891
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• 2013

유색보리와 귀리를 이용한 당뇨환자용 즉석죽의 당뇨 개선 효과를 in vivo를 통하여 확인하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐(C57BLKS/J lar-$+Lepr^{db}/+Lepr^{db}$)의 실험종료 후 혈당의 농도는 대조군에서는 $426.0{\pm}15.4$ mg/dL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $352{\pm}12.2$ mg/dL로 약 17.4% 감소하였다. Streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 모델 SD계 rat의 실험종료 후 혈당의 농도는 대조군에서 $514.0{\pm}17.6$ mg/dL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $296.4{\pm}13.2$ mg/dL로 42.3% 감소하였다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐의 혈중내 인슐린 농도는 대조군에서 $7.9{\pm}0.5$ ng/mL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $12.8{\pm}1.1$ ng/mL로 약 38.3% 증가하였다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐의 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포와 glucagon like peptide-1 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응은 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응이 강하게 관찰되었고, streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 모델 SD계 rat의 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포 및 glucagon like peptide-1 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응 또한 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 인슐린 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응이 강하게 관찰되었다. 이상의 실험결과로 당뇨환자용 즉석죽은 당뇨병 유발 쥐들에서 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포 기능의 활성화를 통한 인슐린의 분비를 촉진시키고, 혈당을 저하시킴을 알 수 있었다.