• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2015

There is a growing interest in halitosis and diverse Korean medical studies are being conducted about it. But there are few study about teatment effect of halitosis after Korean medical care, treatment duration, and factor affecting recovery rate. Thus, the purpose of this study is to research clinical characteristic of halitosis patients, factor affecting halitosis, recovery rate of halitosis, treatment duration, factor affecting recovery rate by analyzing halitosis patients retrospectively. People who were over 19 and visited Korean medical clinic in Seoul to want to be treated halitosis in 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. We analyzed general and living characteristics of halitosis patients, halitosis-related symptoms and diseases, level of halitosis and halitosis-related symptoms both before and after treatment, treatment duration of halitosis patients, prescription of halitosis patients, recovery rate of level of halitosis and halitosis-related symptoms by general characteristic and duration of symptoms. Female, thirties, and Nonsmoker had the highest proportion in general characteristic. The average duration of halitosis is 41.6months and treatment duration is 2.55months. The average of sensory evaluation score is 3.40±2.53, subjective evaluation score is 5.02±1.53, lump sensation on throat is 3.52±2.50, postnasal drip is 1.11±1.88, dry mouth is 4.13±2.17, quality of life is 6.07±1.13. Gamichiuitang is used the most among prescriptions. Sensory evaluation, subjective evaluation, lump sensation on throat, postnasal drip, dry mouth, and quality of life had better score compared with pre-treatment. Duration of symptoms is in weak inverse proportion to sensory evaluation, subjective evaluation, dry mouth, quality of life. This study is meaningful in the way to find recovery rate of halitosis after korean medical care, treatment duration, and factor affecting recovery rate not progressed until now. But this study also has limits such as not analyzing objective data using halitosis measuring instrument and lack of methodical scale about quality of life. Therefore, succeeding study such as clinical trials is needed to verify reliability of Korean medical treatment.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.640-656
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• 2017

Xerostomia is usually caused by a reduced salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor usually originating from the oral cavity. Halitosis can lead to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. The occurrence of halitosis closely related with intraoral conditions including the presence of xerostomia. Especially, the relationship between xerostomia and halitosis is prominent in elderly patients receiving polypharmacy with at least two systemic diseases. This study is a review of the update literature of xerostomia and halitosis. A large number of papers have been searched and identified using the words , , , , , , and . Papers not relevant to the issue were removed reducing the entries to 79 only. Most of identified papers were systematic reviews, non-systematic reviews, and observational studies. With a proper diagnosis, identification of the etiology and timely referrals certain steps are taken to create a successful individualized therapeutic approach. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of xerostomia and halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. This article concisely focuses on the development of a systemic flow of events to come to the proper treatment of the xerostomia and halitosis.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to examine the behaviors by the degree od dry mouth related to stress, dry mouth and halitosis. Methods: The subjects were 400 adults. A self-reported questionnaire was completed from August 1 to November 30, 2014. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. The questionnaire consisted of eight questions of general characteristics of the subjects, one question of subjective stress symptom, six questions of dry mouth symptom, four questions of dry mouth behavior, and one question of halitosis. Results: There was a significant difference between halitosis and stress in patients having systemic diseases. Stress had a significant difference with gender, income, drinking frequency and alcohol consumption. The degree of dry mouth had a significant difference with gender and age. In dry mouth severity, behavior showed a significant difference with age, education, and times and amount of alcohol consumption. Age had a positive correlation with cigarette consumption and a negative correlation with dry mouth and dry mouth behavior. Cigarette consumption showed a positive correlation with alcohol consumption. Drinking frequency had a positive correlation with alcohol consumption, dry mouth, dry mouth behavior, halitosis and stress. Alcohol consumption had a positive correlation with dry mouth behavior, and dry mouth showed a positive correlation with dry mouth behavior, halitosis and stress. Dry mouth behavior had a positive correlation with halitosis and stress, while halitosis showed a positive correlation with stress. Conclusions: Stress, dry mouth and halitosis were closely correlated. Since stress is the most important variable, stress relief will be the most effective measure to alleviate oral symptoms. Therefore, stress relief measures need to be devised for oral health management in adults having stressful life.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2019

Background: Oral diseases are caused by various systemic and local factors, the most closely related being the biofilm. However, the challenges involved in removing an established biofilm necessitate professional care for its removal. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of professional self and professional biofilm care in healthy patients to prevent the development of periodontal diseases. Methods: Thirty-seven patients who visited the dental clinic between September 2018 and February 2019 were included in this study. Self-biofilm care was performed by routine tooth brushing and professional biofilm care was provided using the toothpick method (TPM) or the oral prophylaxis (OP) method using a rubber cup. Subgingival bacterial motility and halitosis (levels of hydrogen sulfide, $H_2S$; methyl mercaptan, $CH_3SH$; and di-methyl sulfide, $(CH_3)_2S$) were measured before, immediately after, and 5 hours after the preventive treatment in the three groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance test was performed to determine significant differences among the groups. Results: TPM was effective immediately after the prevention treatment, whereas OP was more effective after 5 hours (proximal surfaces, F=16.353, p<0.001; smooth surfaces, F=66.575, p<0.001). The three components responsible for halitosis were effectively reduced by professional biofilm care immediately after the preventive treatment; however, self-biofilm care was more effective after 5 hours ($H_2S$, F=3.564, p=0.011; $CH_3SH$, F=6.657, p<0.001; $(CH_3)_2S$, F=21.135, p<0.001). Conclusion: To prevent oral diseases, it is critical to monitor the biofilm. The dental hygienist should check the oral hygiene status and the ability of the patient to administer oral care. Professional biofilm care should be provided by assessing and treating each surface of the tooth. We hope to strengthen our professional in biofilm care through continuous clinical research.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2013

본 연구는 구취인식도와의 관련요인을 분석하고자 2010년 1월 7일부터 3월 14일까지 서울 및 경기지역에 거주하는 35세 이상에서 65세 미만의 성인 450명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인구사회학적 특성과 구취인식도의 관련성을 분석한 결과, 성별 등의 요인에 따라 구취인식도의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 2. 주관적 구강건강상태와 구취인식도를 분석한 결과 전반적으로 구강건강상태가 좋지 않고, 보철치아가 있으며, 치주질환과 구강건조 증상을 인식한 집단에서 구취를 인식한 자가 더 많았다(p<0.05). 3. 건강행동 및 식습관과 구취인식도를 분석한 결과 하루 중 칫솔질 횟수가 2회 이하이고 간식 후 칫솔질을 시행하지 않으며 단 음식을 자주 섭취하는 집단에서 구취를 인식한 자가 더 많았다(p<0.05). 4. OHIP-14와 구취인식도를 분석한 결과, 삶의 질이 낮으며, 불편이나 통증 및 각종 능력저하를 많이 경험한 집단에서 구취를 인식한 자가 더 많았다(p<0.05). 또한 전반적으로 삶의 질이 낮은 집단에서 구취를 인식한 자가 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때 구취인식도는 치주질환과 구강건조증상, 구강위생관리행동 및 삶의 질과 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났으므로 치주질환 및 구강건조를 예방하고 구강위생관리행동의 강화는 구취를 예방하고 삶의 만족도를 향상시키는 데 크게 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of oral health-related quality of life in social workers. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 240 social workers in Gwangju by convenience sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(age, monthly salary, smoking, alcohol consumption) and systemic health condition(systemic diseases, medication, oral health status, and stress). The factors associated with oral health-related quality of life included skin dryness, eye dryness, lip dryness, and nasal dryness. The subjective dry mouth consisted of 6 questions measured by visual analogue scale(VAS). Cronbach's alpha was 0.868 in the study. The data were analyzed for t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The oral health-related quality of life in social workers varied by age, oral health status, stress status, and halitosis. The oral health-related quality of life had positive correlations with the subjective perception of dry mouth and whole body dry symptoms. The health status(${\beta}=-0.410$) had the influence on the oral health-related quality of life, nasal dryness(${\beta}=0.230$), age(${\beta}=0.189$), and halitosis (${\beta}=0.162) in order. Conclusions: The oral health-related quality of life was closely related to the health status and nasal dryness. It is necessary to develop the quality of life improvement programs including oral health prevention and care program in the social workers.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in oral health-related quality of life among elderly people aged over 65 years, in terms of physical, mental and oral health status and to analyze factors affecting their oral health-related quality of life. Methods: From May 9 to June 23, 2017, we randomly visited aged-care community centers in the metropolitan area, and recruited 222 elderly, aged 65 or older. First, each participant completed a questionnaire consisting of 4 general items: 1 systematic disease, and 3 subjective oral conditions. Afterwards, the researchers interviewed the participants to assess their mental status, using MMSE-DS and recorded the responses. Finally, an oral examination was performed to determine the number of remaining teeth. The average oral health-related quality of life according to each characteristic was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis were used to analyze the correlations between factors and the factors affecting oral health-related quality of life. Results: The mean oral health-related quality of life was 4.15. Participants with 20 or more remaining teeth demonstrated better oral health-related quality of life than those with 19 or less teeth. Higher oral health-related quality of life was also found among elderly without gingival bleeding, self-reported halitosis and dry mouth. In addition, positive correlation with the number of remaining teeth and negative correlation with gingival bleeding, self-reported halitosis and dry mouth, were noted. Finally, the results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that remaining teeth, gingival bleeding, self-reported halitosis and education were influential factors in determining the oral health-related quality of life among the elderly. Conclusions: The results of this study confirmed the necessity of better policy support, and the importance of implementing delivered, elderly-centered oral health education program by professionals to prevent tooth loss and manage periodontal diseases.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2013

본 연구는 전신질환자를 대상으로 구강건조감 인식도의 관련요인을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 경기도에서 소재하는 의원 중 편의표본추출법에 의해 선정된 3곳에 2013년 1월 16일부터 2013년 4월 15일까지 방문한 전신질환에 이환된 환자 109명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, t검정과 일원배치분산분석 및 다중선형회귀분석을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전반적인 구강건조감 인식도를 조사한 결과 평상시 구강건조 증상이 있다고 응답한 자는 62명(56.9%)이었고, 없다는 47명(43.1%)이었으며, 구강건조가 심한 계절은 겨울이 29명(46.8%)으로 가장 높았다. 2. 전신건강상태 인식도, 건강행동과 구강건조감의 관련성을 분석한 결과 건강하지 않다고 인식하고 이환된 전신질환과 매일 복용 약물 수가 2개 이상인 집단에서 구강건조감이 더 높았다. 또한 절망감 인식 경험이 있고 구강 외 신체건조감이 높으며 코골이가 심할수록 구강건조감을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 3. 구강건강상태 인식도와 구강건조감의 관련성을 분석한 결과 구강이 건강하지 않다고 인식하고 구내 점막 통증과 구취가 있는 집단에서 구강건조감을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 4. 삶의 질과 구강건조감의 관련성을 분석한 결과 일상생활 장애도와 스트레스 수준이 높으며, 구취로 인해 남의 시선을 의식하고 신경을 쓰는 집단에서 구강건조감을 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 5. 구강건조감과 관련된 요인들의 연관성의 강도를 분석한 결과 구강건조감은 구취로 인한 타인의 시선의식(${\beta}=0.311$)과 가장 연관성이 높았고, 다음은 이환된 전신질환 수 (${\beta}=0.304$), 스트레스 수준(${\beta}=0.285$)의 순이었다(p<0.01). 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 구강건조감은 원만한 사회생활과 건강을 유지하는 데 장애요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 추측할 수 있었다. 또한 구강건조감은 이환된 전신질환 수와 강한 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났으므로 치과의료인력은 구강영역 뿐 아니라 전신질환과 치료제 등 전신에 대한 이해도를 더욱 높여야 한다. 또한 전신질환에 이환된 환자들의 구강진료시 구강건조 상태를 매회 평가하고 원인을 파악하는 등 구강건조에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 수반되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 과정은 구강건조의 예방과 이로 인한 인한 구강 내외 합병증을 감소시킬 뿐 아니라 건강증진 및 삶의 질을 향상시키는 데 있어 긍정적인 효과를 나타낼 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2008

현대화 사회로 갈수록 현대인들은 대도시 중심의 생활환경의 변화와 함께 일상적 스트레스가 증가함에 따라 측두하악장애, 구강점막 질환, 만성 신경병변성 통증 등의 유병율이 증가하고 있으며, 이에 대한 환자들의 의존도가 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 이에 강릉대학교 치과병원 홈페이지의 사이버 진료실에 게재된 질문들의 내용들을 검토해서 치과 진료과별로 분석해 보고, 이를 통해 구강내과 영역에 해당되는 질환에 대한 중요성에 대해 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 전체 2000여 개의 질문 중 구강내과 진료에 대한 상담에 속하는 질문은 20.92%이었고, 구강악안면외과 진료에 속하는 질문이 16.87%, 치과보존과 16.67%, 치과교정과 14.02%, 치과보철과 12.25%, 치주과 8.36%, 소아치과 4.93%, 예방치과 2.08%, 기타 질문이 3.90%로 나타났다. 구강내과 진료에 대한 상담에 속하는 403개의 질문 중 구강점막 질환에 대한 질문이 44.17%, 측두하악장애에 관한 질문이 41.19%, 구취에 관한 질문이 4.47%, 구강 건조와 관련된 질문이 3.23%, 다른 구강안면통증에 관련된 질문이 2.23%, 법치의학과 관련된 질문이 1.49%, 기타 질문이 2.98%로 나타났다. 구강내과 영역 질환에 대한 질문의 비율이 타과 진료 영역 질환과 관련된 질문에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타난 것으로 판단해 볼 때, 구강점막 질환과 측두하악장애를 포함한 구강내과 질환에 대한 일반인들의 관심이 상당히 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1000-1009
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• 2014

본 연구는 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 주관적인 구강건강상태와 주관적인 구강건강상태인식에 따른 사회적 효능감과 삶의 질, 구강건강 관련 삶의 질을 알아보고자, 2013년 1월 9일부터 2013년 6월 5일까지 대구광역시 7개의 구에 있는 6개의 노인복지관을 이용하는 노인 582명의 설문지를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 성별은 치통과 구강건조증, 연령층별은 구강건강상태, 음식저작 장애, 치주문제, 구강건조증, 최종학력에서는 구강건강상태, 음식저작 장애, 치통, 치주문제, 동거가족 수에서는 음식저작 장애, 치통, 치주문제, 구강건조증, 구취에서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 구강건강상태에 따른 사회적 효능감 항목에서 '나의 구강은 건강하지 않다'가 3.11점이었고, '나는 턱에서 소리가 나거나 아프다'가 1.99점이었다. 구강건강상태 인식에 따른 사회적 효능감에서 건강은 2.05점, 삶의 질에서 건강은 3.41점이었다. 구강건강관련 삶의 질 점수에서 건강의 경우 기능적 제한은 2.13점, 신체적 동통은 2.53점, 심리적 불편은 2.17점, 신체적 제한은 2.31점, 심리적 능력저하는 2.06점, 사회적 능력저하는 1.81점, 사회적 불리는 1.99점이었다. 노인구강건강증진을 위한 지속적인 구강보건교육의 기회제공과 예방프로그램의 개발을 통하여 구강건강이 진행되지 않도록 적극적인 방안모색이 충분히 고려될 때 노인의 구강건강 뿐만 아니라 삶의 질까지 향상될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.