• 한국작물학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1978

7 X 7이면교잡에 의한 수도의 양적형질에 대한 Heterosis정도와 조합능력을 검정하기 위하여 몇가지 실험을 한바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수일수에 있어서는 교배친의 평균치에 비하여 F_1세대의 전조합의 평균치가 105%의 Heterosis정도를 보이고 BL-1과 밀양1005의 품종이 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 현저한 Heterosis를 나타내었다. 2. 간장에 있어서는 교배조합에 따라서 Heterosis 정도가 다르나 장간종인 Columbia II와 단간종인 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합은 Heterosis정도가 높고, Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 초우성이 나타났으며, 어느조합에 있어서도 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대보다 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서 Heterosis정도가 크게 나타났다. 3. 수장에 있어서도 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서의 Heterosis정도가 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대보다 현저하고 Columbia II, Waito, BL-1, 밀양1005, YR675-153-2-2등이 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합에서는 Heterosis정도가 현저하고 또한 이들 조합의 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 대부분 초우성으로 나타났다. 4. 수수에 었어서도 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서의 Heterosis정도가 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대보다 현저하고, BL-1, Waito, YR67S-153-2-2, 밀양1005가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대와 BL-1과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대에서 초우성으로 나타난 조합이 많았다. 5. 지엽장에 있어서는 조합에 따라 Heterosis 정도가 매우 다르나 BL-1과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1, $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대에서 Heterosis정도가 높고, Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 초우성으로 나타났다. 6. 지엽폭도 지엽장과 같이 BL-1과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합에 한해서 Heterosis정도가 현저하다. 7. 추출도는 어느 조합에 있어서도 현저한 Heterosis 정도를 나타내었으며, $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서 현저한 초우성을 나타내었다. 8. 천입중에 대한 Heterosis정도는 어느 조합에 있어서도 현저하지 아니하였다. 9. $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대에서의 입중의 Heterosis정도는 영남조생과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합에 한해서 현저한 Heterosis를 보이고 그중에서도 영남조생\timesIR24 영남조생 \timesColumb II에서는 초우성을 나타내었다

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2002

The introduction of hybrid and exploitation of heterosis has played a vital role in Indian sericulture industry, which clearly depicts a quantum jump in silk production during the last four decades. Since, the introduction of heterosis, progress in silkworm breeding has depended on success or failure in identifying better combiners. Systematic procedures developed have enabled the breeders to identify the best combiners by combining ability test, line ${\TIMES}$ tester analysis or $D^2$ analysis for maximum expression of heterosis. The level of heterosis expressed in the crossbreed population is determined by the interaction between genotype and prevailing environmental factors. Except some of the pre and post cocoon parameters, heterosis is invariably higher in single crosses compared to three-way and double crosses. However, during hot and humid season, when rearing of F1 bivoltine hybrid is unsuccessful at field level and indigenous races results in very low and poor quality yield, three-way and double crosses can play an important role as an intermediary technology. The objective of this article is to review briefly the concept and causes of heterosis, utilization of different forms of heterosis in silk production and its significance in silkworm, Bombyx mori breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2005

Correlation of microsatellite heterozygosity with performance or heterosis was reported in wild animal populations and domestic animal populations, but the correlation with heterosis in a crossbreeding F$_1$ pig population remained uncertain. To explore this, we had random selected and mated Yorkshire${\times}$Meishan (F, n = 82) and their reciprocal (G, n = 47) to F$_1$, and used the two straightbreds as control groups (Yorkshire = 34, Meishan = 55), and observed the heterosis of birth weight (BWT), average daily gain (ADG) and feed and meat ratio (FMR). Two Kinds of measurement-individual heterozygosity (IH) and individual mean d$^2$ (lg value, ID) were used as index of heterozygosity and variance from 39 microsatellite marker loci to perform univariate regression analysis against heterosis. We detected significant correlation of IH with BWT in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. We observed significant correlation of ID with ADG in all of F$_1$ (F+G), and with FMR in all of F$_1$ (F+G) and in F. There was significant maternal effect on heterosis, which was indicated by significant difference of means and distribution of heterosis between F and G. This difference was consistent with distributions of IH and ID, and with difference of means in F and G. From this study, it would be suggested that the two kinds of genetic index could be used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis in crossbreeding populations but could not determine which is better.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.371-389
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• 2017

Supplying sufficient rice to growing populations is a global challenge. Hybrid indica rice varieties exploiting heterosis have increased yields, but inter-subspecific crosses between indica and japonica varieties are hampered by sterility. Examination and genetic understanding of yield heterosis in indica/japonica crosses addressing yield barriers are basic requirements. In this study, QTLs for heterosis of yield traits were identified in indica-japonica recombinant inbred lines (RILs) using a total of 178 RILs originating from Dasanbyeo (indica) ${\times}$ TR22183 (japonica) (DT-RILs) and their backcrossed populations. Nine of sixty-six major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in DT-RILs exhibited heterosis. Heterosis QTLs clustered with other traits on chromosomes 1, 4, and 8, and clusters were conserved between different RILs. The clusters contained several known yield enhancement genes/QTLs. Specific heterotic allele combinations contributed to four major heterosis QTLs, particularly for panicle and spikelet number traits. Heterosis for yield and yield-related traits was explained by the harmonized effects of overdominance, dominance, and epistatic interactions in inter-subspecific breeding populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1192-1196
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• 2004

In order to detect the molecular mechanism of heterosis in pigs, the mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences in gene expression of pig's Longissimus dorsi between the high-parent heterosis cross combination Landrace${\times}$Large White and the mid-parent heterosis cross combination Large White${\times}$Meishan. Three pig purebreds, Large White, Meishan, and Landrace and four types of reciprocal $F_1$ hybrids were analyzed using nine 3'-end anchored primers in combination with ten 5'-end arbitrary primers and nearly 7,000 reproducible bands were examined. The patterns of gene expression of each cross combination were analyzed and eight common patterns (fifteen kinds) were found. When the results from the two cross combinations were put together and compared, eight different typical expression patterns were observed, these indicated that the patterns of gene expression of these two cross combinations had obvious differences. Gene expression correlation and cluster analyses of the two cross combinations indicated that the gene expression of the mid-parent heterosis cross combination was correlated with maternal effect, but in the high-parent heterosis cross combination, paternal effect acted in the gene expression of the hybrids or the gene expression of the hybrids was biased towards one parent.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information for breeding of burley(N. tabacum cv. burley) and sun-cured tobacco(N. tabacum cv. sun-cured) variety. Two burley(Burley 21, KB 108), and T.I. 1068 and three sun-cured varieties(Yeonbyeon 3, Jaheungyeon and Jaraehong) were diallel crossed and 15 combinations of F$_1$generations were made in 1998, respectively. Six parental varieties, 15 F$_1$s were grown under the complete randomized block design with 3 replications at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 2000. The data of 12 quantitative characters were measured for degree of heterosis. The results obtained are as follows. Heterosis of F$_1$generation was positive in weight per leaf, plant height, stem diameter, yield, leaf length and total alkaloid content. Cross combinations between either Burley 21 or KB 108 and sun-cured varieties showed comparatively high heterosis in each characters.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

Boil-off loss ratio is one of the most important economic traits to be considered during the course of silkworm breeding. The boil-off loss ratio varies among the breeds and seasons. The present study was undertaken with 5 oval and 5 peanut breeds and twenty five hybrids involving these parents to select the promising hybrids with desired boil-off loss ratio. Accordingly, studies were undertaken to estimate the heterosis and heterobeltiosis. It was observed that majority of the hybrids revealed negative heterosis for boil-off loss ratio which is desirable. Based on the heterosis and heterobeltiosis, among all the hybrids, the hybrid APBRO5 ${\times}$ APBRD5 exhibited highest negative heterosis for boil-off loss ratio and also exhibited highest EI value (64.5) for the quantitative and qualitative traits. Based on the hybrids performance, boil-off loss ratio, heterosis and heterobeltiosis and evaluation index, the hybrids viz. APBRO5 ${\times}$ APBRD5, APBRO1 ${\times}$ APBRD1 and APBRO3 ${\times}$ APBRD4 were identified for commercial exploitation.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1983

In order to obtain the basic information for the most successful breeding of Burley tobacco, these studies were performed on the correlations among agronomic characters and on the heterosis and combining ability in $F_1$ generation. Heterosis ratio was highly variable in different $F_1$ combinations. Positive heterosis was observed in all characters except days to flowering and yield showed the highest heterosis ratio. As the results of analysis of dialled table, the general combining ability (GCA) in all characters was shown to be significant . All characters except the number of leaves in the specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, Variety, L8, contributed negative GCA for all characters. Burley 21, ky 10 and ky 14 contributed negative GCA for leaf width, quality and yield, respectively. Hybrid of ky 10 x ky 14 showed negative SCA and hybrids of ky I0x L8 and ky 14 x L8 showed positive SCA for all characters. There were significant correlations between yield and number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width or leaf area. Correlation between yield and days to flowering was non- significant .

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

A representative group of 38 improved basmati lines including maintainers of sterile lines were studied for genetic diversity utilizing Mahalanobis $D^2$ statistics. A wide diversity was observed having ten clusters with high intra- and inter-cluster distance. Heterosis was estimated utilizing the cytoplasmic male sterile lines from the clusters having high intra- and inter-cluster distance. Highly heterotic hybrids were obtained from the hybridization programme. Cross combinations IR68281A/Pusa 1235-95-73-1-1, IR68281A/RP 3644-41-9-5, Pusa 3A/UPR 2268-4-1, IR 68281A/Pusa Basmati-1, IR68281A/BTCE 10-98, and IR58025A/HKR 97-401 were found to be highly heterotic for grain yield/plant with other agronomic and quality traits. Additionally, a positive association of intra-cluster distance with heterosis was observed, which could be utilized as a guideline for predicting heterosis in basmati hybrid rice breeding program. Also, a positive association between inter-cluster distance and heterosis was observed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2003

In the present study, hybrid vigour in terms of heterosis and over dominance of newly evolved bivoltine hybrids and their reciprocals raised from the promising newly evolved bivoltine breeds were calculated for the important parameters like pupation, cocoon yield, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio, raw silk percentage, filament length and neatness. Through there was no significant difference among the hybrids for the characters pupation, cocoon yield and cocoon weight, the magnitude of heterosis and over dominance were varied significantly for these characters. However, significant differences were observed between new hybrids and control hybrid for the characters like cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, filament length and raw silk percentage. The results indicate that majority of new hybrids have shown higher heterosis and over dominance than control hybrid. The data also indicate that highest mean heterosis of all new hybrids was recorded for cocoon yield followed by filament length. Whereas highest mean over dominance was recorded for cocoon yield followed by cocoon weight. Negative mean heterosis and over dominance were recorded for the trait cocoon shell ratio. Based on the results, the importance of three hybrids viz., CSR2 ${\times}$ CSR4, CSR2 ${\times}$ CSR5 and CSR3 ${\times}$ CSR6 and their reciprocals (CSR4 ${\times}$ CSR2, CSR5 ${\times}$ CSR2 and CSR6 ${\times}$ CSR3) which exhibited significant heterosis and over dominance, for commercial exploitation was discussed.