• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2003

Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) has anti-oxidant, analgesic, and hypolipidemic effects. We previously showed that Solanum melongena (SM) aqueous extract inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. The activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) induces acute inflammation in rat hindpaw. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the SM aqueous extract on mouse paw edema induced by PAR2 agonists. Trypsin or trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-NH$_2$ (tc-NH$_2$), PAR-2 agonists, was injected into the hind paw of mice to induce paw edema. SM aqueous extract (1, 5, 10, and 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 hr before induction of paw edema. SM aqueous extract (5, 10, and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited both paw edema and vascular permeability in the dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SM aqueous extract (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited PAR-2 agonist-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ expression in paw tissue compared to that of saline. These results suggest that SM aqueous extract may be useful for treatment of PAR-2-mediated inflammation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

The effect of arogh, a polyherbal formulation-PHF [each 3 g powder contained Nelumbo nucifera G. (0.24 g), Hemidesmus indicus R. (0.24 g), Zingiber officinale R. (0.24 g), Terminalia chebula R. (0.24 g), Quercus infectoria O. (0.12 g), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (0.24 g), Rosa damascene M.(0.24 g), Eclipta alba H.(0.24 g), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (0.24 g)] was investigated in various experimental models of pain and inflammation. Analgesic activity of PHF was studied in mice using acetic acid induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate methods. Anti-inflammatory activity of PHF was studied in rats using carrageenan induced hind paw edema and formalin induced rat paw edema methods. PHF significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of writhings, increased latency to flick tail in tail immersion method and elevated the mean basal reaction time in hot plate method. PHF significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited carrageenan induced hind paw edema and formalin induced rat paw edema. The PHF was tested at dose of 30, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was examined to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Humulus japonicus MeOH extracts (HJE) in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Methods : The effects of HJE on anti-inflammation were measured in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats and infiltrated Inflammatory Cells. Results : 1. HJE (1.0 g/kg) and dexamethasone effectively inhibited paw edema measured 1~4 h after carrageenan injection. HJE (0.3 g/kg) effectively inhibited paw edema measured 1, 3, 4 hr. 2. In histopathological study in rats, 1.0 g/kg HJE and dexamethasone effectively inhibited the increases of hind paw skin thicknesses and inflammatory cell infiltrations induced by carrageenan treatment. But quite similar histopathological changes were detected in 0.3 g/kg HJE treated group as compared with carrageenan control.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1444-1448
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• 2009

Potentilla chinensis Ser. (Rosaceae) has long been used for a remedy of diarrhea and inflammation in Korea. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the Potentillae chinensis Herba water extract (PCX) was investigated in proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-mediated rat paw edema. Paw edema was induced by injection of trypsin or trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-$NH_2$ (tc-$NH_2$) into the hind paw of rats. PCX (10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 h before the induction of inflammation. At doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, PCX showed significant inhibition on both change in paw volume and vascular permeability. PCX (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited PAR2 agonists-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in paw tissue. These results indicate that PCX has an anti-inflammatory action in PAR2-mediated paw edema.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

Ohyaksungisan, combined preparation of crude drugs, has been used for hemiplegia, arthralgia and paralysis in traditional Korean medicine. The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract from Ohyaksungisan(OSSE) was investigated on acetic acid-induced edema and adjuvant arthritis in rats. Acute toxicity and analgesic action in mice were also examined. Its anti-inflammatory activity on 5% acetic acid-induced edema and adjuvant arthritis was observed with oral administration. The acute toxicity showed 10% mortality at 2400 mg/kg (p.o), but was not showed at 1200 mg/kg (i.p). OSSE was showed to have significant analgesic action (P<0.05) at 150 mg/kg and this action was strengthened at 300, 600 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory effect was showed significant preventive effect on the hind paw edema from 90 min. and the adjuvant arthritis, when orally administered for 19 days. showed significant inhibitory effect on the hind paw edema from the 5th day.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

Curcumin, a dietary pigment responsible for the yellow color of curry, has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti- inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral activity. In order to examine the potency of the curcumin in inflammation we used carrageenan induced rat hind paw odema model. As curcumin is practically water insoluble, it is hypothesized that pharmacological activity of curcumin could be improved by enhancing its water solubility. Water soluble complexes of curcumin with cyclodextrins were prepared and screened for greater solubility. Pure curcumin 100 mg/kg body weight along with curcumin complexes equivalent to 100 mg/kg body weight of pure curcumin were tested for the anti-inflammatory activity in Wister rats male rats using carrageenan induced hind paw edema model and compared with that of the reference compound diclofenac sodium at a dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight. Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. All the treatment groups showed statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with that of vehicle control and positive control.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.166-176
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of 15Hz electroacupuncture(EA) on carrageenan-injected rats. Inflammation was induced by an intraplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Methods : Bilateral EA stimulation with 15 Hz were delivered at those acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man via the needles for a total of 30 min duration in carrageenan-injected rats. Results: The developing edema was measured 30 minutes interval afer carrageenan injection and 15 Hz EA stimulation presented significant edema inhibition. Three hours after carrageenan injection, prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and nitric oxide(NO) levels were measured. The 15Hz EA stimulation significantly inhibited $PGE_2$ and NO production in the right paw. The pro-inflammatory mRNA expression such as cyclooxygenases(COX)-2 and interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$ were slightly down-regulated by EA stimulation. The number of COX-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ immunoreactive cells were abundantly observed in paw edema. But these cells were decreased in nmber according to anti-edema effect of 15Hz EA. Conclusions: These results indicate that 15Hz EA stimulation have an alleviation action against carrageenan-induced edema and local inflammation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.635-640
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• 2011

Betulae Cortex of Betula platyphylla Suk. var. japonica Hara (Betulaceae) has long been used for treatment of various inflammation, fever and cough in Eastern Asia. In order to investigate antibacterial activity of the Betulae Cortex against Streptococcus mutans or Porphyromonas gingivalis, MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and pH were checked, and for anti-inflammation activity, the experiments about trypsin-induced paw edema, vascular permeability and myeloperoxidase activity in rat's hind-paw tissue, were carried out with various extracts of Betulae Cortex (BCXs) respectively. The BCXs showed significant antibacterial activity, and at the dose of over 50 mg/kg, BCX showed significant inhibition on the paw edema, vascular permeability and myeloperoxidase activity. These results indicate that BCXs have antibacterial activity against oral cariogenic bacteria and anti-inflammatory effect.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2000

This experiment was performed to study of Gagambipachungpe-Eum extract solution's effects on acne. Anti-inflammatory edema, anti-histamine, vascular permeability, acne by induced oleic acid, ileum contraction of mice and guinea-pig was measured by oral administration, topical application or both of the sample to the acne of the experimental animals. Dose of samples were taken by 500 and 1,500mg/dl at the experiments. The results were as follows. 1. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on rat hind paw edema induced by $0.5\%$ Carrageenin have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 2, 3(p<0.05) and 4 hours(p<0.01) of the high density 1500mg/kg - oral administration group as compared with sample group. 2. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on rat hind paw edema induced by $1.0\%$ Dextran have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 2 and 4 hours of the high density 1,500mg/kg oral administration group as compared with sample group(p<0.05). 3. Gagambipachungpe-Eum on mouse hind paw edema induced by $1.2\%$% Histamine have statistically significant effects on anti-inflammatory edema at 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the high density 1500mg/kg - oral administration group as compared with sample group(p<0.05). 4. Only high density 1,500mg/kg - oral administration group of Gagambipachungpe-Eum as compared with sample group have significant effects on increased vascular permeability induced by histamine, picryl chloride induced contact dermatitis(p<0.01) and writhing syndrome induced by $0.7\%$ acetic acid(p<0.05) in mice. 5. All of the sample groups, Sample-Ⅰ(orally administered), Sample-Ⅱ(topically administered 500mg/kg), Sample-Ⅲ(topically administered 1,500mg/kg), Sample-Ⅳ(administered simultaneous orally and topically) on acne induced by o1eic acid in rabbit ears has the significant recovery on induced acne after 14 days 6. Gagambipachungpe-Eum have the effects on the motility of the isolated mice ileum, on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride in the isolated mice ileum and on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine in the isolated Guinea-pig ileum. According to the about results, it is expected Gagambipachungpe-Eum could be applicable to the treatment of acne.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is one of the important mediators in generating inflammation and immune responses. To address the role of Stat4 in carrageenan induced acute inflammation, we performed paw edema measurement and 7.4 k mouse cDNA microarray analysis in carrageenan induced acute inflammation in Stat4 knockout (-/-) mice. Male BALB/c (n=8) and Stat4 -/- (n=5) were used and paw edema was induced with injection of $30\;{\mu}L$ of 1% carrageenan into plantar surface of right hind paw. Next, we isolated the mRNA in mouse whole brain and analyzed cDNA microarray profiles for the changes of the brain expression in Stat4 -/- mice. Interestingly, the increase in paw volume of Stat4 -/- mice was reduced by about 30% as compared to that of wild type. The cDNA microarray analysis revealed the altered expressions of several cytokines (Tnf, Il6, and Il4) and pain-associated proteins (Ptgs2, Gabra6, and Gabbr1) in Stat4 -/- mice. Our results suggest that Stat4 may be related to the inhibitory responses on carrageenan induced acute inflammation.