• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.208-209
• /
• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.220-224
• /
• 2008

The need for refining dietary nutrient levels and limited information regarding Holstein steer and phosphorus supplementation led to the objective of examining the response of removing supplemental dietary phosphorus from a corn-based finishing diet offered to yearling Holstein steers. Two groups of yearling Holstein steers were utilized to study responses of increasing dietary phosphorus level during the finishing period. In Exp. 1, 96 Holstein steers (419 kg) were blocked into four weight groups. Dietary treatments included no additional phosphorus (NDC) or the inclusion of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) to achieve 0.30% phosphorus (P) in the complete diet. Daily gain, DMI and carcass traits were not different (p>0.05). Overall gain efficiency was slightly lower for NDC (p<0.05). Exp. 2 consisted of 78 Holstein steers (491 kg) blocked into two weight groups. Steers were harvested on d 84 and 112 d on test with carcass data collected following a 48-h chill. No differences (p>0.05) were detected for DMI, ADG, or gain efficiency. No differences (p>0.05) were detected in carcass characteristics in this experiment. Percent bone ash, calcium, P, and bending moment also did not differ among treatments (p>0.05). Removing supplemental phosphorus in the feedlot diet did not produce adverse effects on steer performance, carcass, or rib bone characteristics for yearling Holstein steers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 1997

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of zeranol injection on dry matter(DM) and nutrient intake requirement by growth stage of early castrated bull with 3 treatments(bul1, steer, steer+zeranol) with 28 Holstein bull at National Livestock Research Institute. The main results were as follows: DM intake at growing and fatting stage was the highest in steer groups, that the highest in bull groups at finishing stage and overall mean DM intake was 5% lower at steer+zeranol groups compared to bull and steer, respectively. Net energy intake at finishing stage was the highest as 35.49 Mcal at bull groups, while overall mean net energy intake was 101 - 109% of NRC requirement without significant difference. Concentrate intake to body weight was 1.68- 1.82, 1.91 -2.08 and 1.81 -2.05% at growing, fatting and finishing stage, respectively. Overall mean concentrate intake to body weight at steer groups was 1.94%, which is 1.8 and 1.81% higher compared to bull and steer+zeranol groups, respectively. Feed conversion ratio(DM) during overall period was the worst at steer groups as 9.321g, and also net energy conversion ratio was similar to DM conversion ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.222-223
• /
• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.299-300
• /
• 1989

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1998

This research was canied out to investigate the effect of castration and injection time of sustained release recombinant bovine somatotropin(SR-rbST) on dry matter intake(DM1) and nutrient intake of surgically castrated 32 Holstein young bulls by growth stage. The main results were as follows: 1. DM intakes were not different between in bull and steer groups, but those in rbSTl and rbST2 were 7.88 and 7.65kg respectively, which were lower 6-9% compared to bull and steer groups. 2. Actual DM intake to DM requirement of Beef cattle(NRC) was 88.5~97.7%, while net energy intake was sufficient for NE requirement in all groups during all growth stage except rbST group during fmishing stage. 3. Overall mean concentrate intake to body weight in steer group was the highest as 1.94%, and then those in rbST groups were 1.87~1.89% which were higher 0.07~0.09% unit than in bull group. 4. Feed conversion ratios(DM) in bull, rbSTl and rbST2 groups were 8.29, 8.18 and 7.60kg respectively, which were improved 12.4, 13.9 and 22.6%, respectively, compared to steer group.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.749-755
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of Holstein steer beef loin (M. longissimus dorsi) and top round (M. semimembranosus) from 18, 21 and 24-mon old. The loin and top round muscles from the 24-mon group had higher intramuscular fat content (%) than the other groups (p<0.05); however, the protein content was not significantly different among the 3 groups (p>0.05). With regard to meat color (CIE), the lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values of the loin were significantly higher for the 21- and 24-mon groups, and those of the top round were significantly higher for the 21-mon group than the same cuts in the other groups. The Warner-Bratzler shear force was the lowest at 24 mon for both the loin and top round muscles (3.69 kg); however, the water holding capacity was significantly higher for loin muscles from the 21-mon group (54.53%, p<0.05). The loin muscles from the 24-mon group contained significantly higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acid and significantly lower levels of saturated fatty acid than those in the other groups (p<0.05). The tenderness, juiciness, flavor-likeness and the overall-likeness scores were significantly higher for beef from the 21- and 24-mon groups than that from the 18-mon group. The results of this study indicate that both the slaughtering age and muscle type significantly affect meat quality. Therefore, fattening the beef for more than 4 mon during the late fattening stage would be advantageous for the meat quality of Holstein steers.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.97-99
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine whether subcutaneous temperature (ST) was correlated with rectal temperature (RT) in cattle with inducing artificial fever. In order to determine the correlation between their temperatures, the experiment was performed as follow: Among nine Holstein steers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered at a dose of $0.5{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to six Holstein steer, then, 6 ml of saline was administrated to three steers as a control group. After LPS injection, ST was recorded using subcutaneously implanted thermo-logger sensors at 10-min intervals, and RT was measured using a digital thermometer at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 h. In steers with LPS injection, RT was highest at 3 to 4 h and recovered to a pre-challenge temperature at 8-22 h. A similar fluctuation was shown in ST except for an unexpected decrease at 1 h, and a positive correlation between RT and ST was observed in LPS-challenged steers (r = 0.497, P = 0.04). This result suggests that ST could be utilized as an index for early detection of infectious diseases or physiological events.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2017

Objective: Two trials were conducted in order to examine the effects of level of supplemental methionine on productive performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration, and digestive function. Methods: Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diet containing urea as the only source of supplemental nitrogen supplemented with no supplemental amino acid (control), or control plus 1.01% lysine and 0.032%, 0.064%, 0.096%, or 0.128% methionine. In Trial 1, 150 Holstein steer calves ($127{\pm}4.9kg$) were utilized to evaluate the influence of treatments on growth-performance, dietary energetic, plasma amino acid concentration during the first 112 days of growing period. During the initial 56-d period calves received the 5 experimental diets. During the subsequent 56-d period all calves were fed the control diet. Results: During the initial 56-d period, methionine supplementation increased (linear effect, p<0.01) plasma methionine. In the presence of supplemental lysine, increases on level of methionine in diet did not affect average daily gain. However, increased gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.03) and estimated dietary net energy (NE; linear effect, p = 0.05). Estimated metabolizable methionine supply was closely associated ($R^2=0.95$) with efficiency NE utilization for maintenance and gain. During the subsequent 56-d period, when all calves received the control diet (no amino acid supplementation), plasma amino acid concentrations and growth performance was not different among groups. However, the effects of methionine supplementation during the initial 56-period carried over, so that following a 56-d withdrawal of supplementation, the overall 112-d effects on gain efficiency (quadratic effect, p = 0.05) dietary NE (linear effect, $p{\leq}0.05$) remained appreciable. In Trial 2, 5 cannulated Holstein steers were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of digestion and amino acid supply to the small intestine. There were no treatment effects on flow of dietary and microbial N to the small intestine. Postruminal N digestion increased (p = 0.04) with increasing level of supplemental methionine. Methionine supplementation linearly increased (p<0.01) duodenal flow of methionine. Likewise, lysine supplementation increased an average of 4.6% (p = 0.04) duodenal flow of lysine. In steers that received non-supplemented diet, observed intestinal amino acid supply were in good agreement with expected. Conclusion: We conclude that addition of rumen-protected methionine and lysine to diets may enhance gain efficiency and dietary energetics of growing Holstein calves. Observed amino acid supply to the small intestine were in good agreement with expected, supportive of NRC (2000, Level 1).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.633-639
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical properties of striploin (m. longissimus dorsi), chuck tender (m. supraspinatus) and eye of round (m. semitendinosus) of Holstein steer beef produced from different fattening groups (18, 21, 24 mon-old). The intramuscular fat contents were significantly higher in striploin (9.14%) and eye of round (4.31%) from 24 mon-old groups when compared to the same cuts (6.53% and 2.63%) from 18 mon-old groups, respectively. Three muscles from 18 mon-old group had significantly higher moisture contents (%) than those from the other groups (p<0.05). The protein contents were significantly higher in chuck tender (19.39%) and eye of round (21.09%) from 24 mon-old group than 18- and 21 mon-old groups (p<0.05). There were not significantly different in collagen contents among three fattening groups. In meat color, striploin, chuck tender and eye of round from 21 mon-old group had significantly higher CIE $L^*$ (41.77), $a^*$ (20.98) and $b^*$ (10.87) values than those from the other groups (p<0.05). Warner-Bratzler shear force values (WBS) for three muscles were significantly lower in 24 mon-old group than the other groups (p<0.05). The oleic acids (C18:1n9) contents of three muscles from 24 mon-old group were highest (p<0.05) among three groups. Total contents of MUFA were significantly higher and total contents of PUFA including arachidonic acids (C20:4n6) were significantly lower in chuck tender and eye of round muscles from 24 mon-old group (p<0.05).