• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2011

Objective: Laser-assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (LA-ICSI), also known as micro-opening or thinning of the zona pellucida (ZP) prior to ICSI, may help to reduce mechanical damage to the oocyte during the procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and analyze the efficacy of our institutional LA-ICSI program, which features laser-assisted ZP thinning prior to ICSI, in comparison with conventional ICSI (C-ICSI), performed on patients with different clinical characteristics. Methods: Patients undergoing a total of 212 ICSI cycles were randomly divided into an LA-ICSI group (106 cycles) and a conventional ICSI group (106 cycles). To reduce tissue damage, we thinned the ZP by approximately 70%, using a laser, before ICSI. Patients thus treated formed the LAICSI group. Comparisons included the morphological quality of transferred embryos, blastocyst development of the remaining embryos, and clinical pregnancy, in terms of ICSI method and patient characteristics. Results: Fertilization, development of remaining embryos, and pregnancy rate were significantly higher in the LA-ICSI group compared with the C-ICSI group. Fertilization, embryonic development, and the pregnancy rate were all improved in younger patients (<38 years of age) and in those who underwent a low number of IVF-ET attempts (<3 trials). In addition, the pregnancy rate was increased in older patients. Conclusion: LA-ICSI may be useful in improving the chance of pregnancy in all ICSI patients.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

본 연구는 고가의 저정자증 또는 불임증을 나타내는 소형 개에 있어서 수태율 증진과 불임해결에 적용할 목적하에 일차적으로, 돼지 정자의 농도별, 활력별로 IVF및 ICSI에 의해 수정시켰을 때 수정율과 체외발생율을 조사하였다. 1. 돼지 난자의 수정시 정자를 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0($\times$$10^{6}$$m\ell$)의 농도별로 IVF및 ICSI법으로 수정시켰을 때 수정율과 체외발생율은 각각 IVF시에 46.7%~75.0%와 10.6%~25.0%이고, ICSI시에는 60.0%~85.7%와 20.0%~64.3%였다. 2. 돼지 난자의 수정시 정자를 20, 40, 60, 80%의 활력별로 IVF 및 ICSI법으로 수정시켰을 때 수정율과 체외발생율은 각각 IVF시에 46.4%~71.4%와 7.1%~21.4%이고, ICSI시에는 67.9%~85.7%와 28.6%~60.7%였다. 3. 돼지 난자의 체외수정과 체외성숙 난자에 ICSI법에 의해 수정시켰을 때 각각 수정율과 체외발생율은 IVF시에 55.6%~60.0%와 17.8%~24.0%이고, ICSI시에는 77.8%~80.0%와 42.2%~56.0%로서 ICSI법에서 수정율이 크게 향상되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2010

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the artificial fertilization methods when only a few sperm are available for insemination, and an important tool for the preservation of genetic materials of endangered animal species, especially the male is infertile. Different from other species such as mice and pigs, the conventional ICSI method which uses spiked pipette for injection (Spike-ICSI) is exhibited low success rates in cattle because the bovinesperm head membrane is hard to break during injection procedure. We chose piezo-assisted ICSI (Piezo-ICSI) for the improvement of the injection procedure including sperm head membrane rupture and efficient puncture of the plasma membrane of the oocytes. In this experiment, we compared the efficacy of the bovine ICSI embryo production between the Piezo-ICSI and Spike-ICSI. The second polar body extrusion, pronuclear formation, cleavage and blastocyst formation were evaluated after implementation of two different ICSI techniques. The Piezo-ICSI tended to show comparably higher rates of the second polar body extrusion (41.7%), the pronuclei formation (42.9%) and the two-cell cleavage (41.4%) than Spike-ICSI does (33.3%, 28.6% and 23.5%, respectively) although there is no statistic significance between two groups. In addition, the blastocysts were only obtained from the Piezo-ICSI group (10.3%). Our finding shows that the Piezo-ICSI may be used as an artificial fertilization method in cattle when in vitro fertilization is not applicable.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 ICSI에 의한 돼지 체외수정란의 생산효율을 높이고자, ICSI에 사용되는 돼지 체외성숙 난포란의 원심분리에 의한 효과, 세포질내에 주입하는 정자의 DTT전처리 효과, 체외성숙 난포란의 체외수정시 주로 사용되는 IVF방법과 ICSI방법 사용에 따른 수정율과 후기배로의 배발달율 조사 그리고 IVF방법과 ICSI방법에 의해 발달한 배반포기배의 할구수를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. ICSI에 사용되는 돼지 체외성숙 난포란을 이용하여 원심분리를 실시하지 않은 군과 실시한 군에 있어서 수정율과 후기배로의 발달율에 있어서는 두 처리군간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 또한 ICSI에 사용되는 정자를 주입전에 DTT를 처리한 군과 DTT를 처리하지 않은 군에서의 수정율과 배반포기배로의 발달율에 있어서도 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다 그리고 체외성숙 후 IVF 또는 ISCI에 의한 체외수정 후 수정율과 후기배로의 발달율에 있어서도 두 처리군간의 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. IVF와 ICSI에 의해 체외수정된 수정란에 있어서 8일째까지 발달한 배반포기배의 할구수를 조사한 결과 각각 46.7$\pm$2.9개와 41.9$\pm$4.6개로 나타나 두 처리군간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 실험 결과들을 종합해 보면, ICSI에 의한 체외수정란의 생산은 체외성숙후 난구세포가 제거된 난포란을 원심분리시키면 ICSI에 있어서의 편리를 도모할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 주입된 정자의 관찰을 용이하게 하여 정확성을 높일 수 있고, 주입시 사용하는 배양액의 난포란내 진입을 최소화 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 ICSI전 정자의 첨체반응 유도와 난포란의 활성화, 그리고 후기배로의 발달율 향상에 따른 할구수의 증가를 위한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 지금까지의 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 하여 ICSI에 의한 체외수정란의 생산을 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행해 나가야 할 것이며, 또한 계속적인 연구로 ICSI를 이용하여 외부유전자의 도입에 의한 형질전환동물의 생산이 가능 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium, cytochalasin B (CB) treatment during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and electric activation on in vitro development ICSI-derived embryos in pigs. Immature pig oocytes were matured in vitro in medium 199 (M199) or porcine zygote medium (PZM)-3 that were supplemented with porcine follicular fluid, cysteine, pyruvate, EGF, insulin, and hormones for the first 22 h and then further cultured in hormone-free medium for an additional 21~22 h. ICSI embryos were produced by injecting single sperm directly into the cytoplasm of IVM oocytes. The oocytes matured in PZM-3 with 61.6 mM NaCl (low-NaCl PZM-3) tended to decrease (0.05

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was to investigate the fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or partial zona dissection (PZD) of human and hamster sperm into hamster oocyte in in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition, the possibility of clinical application was evaluated by the comparison of usefulness and difference of these method. Materials and Methods: Hamster immature oocytes were obtained from oviducts superovulated by PMSG and hCG, and hamster sperms were obtained from epididymis. The freezed human sperms were thawed before use. Fertilization were confirmed by two pronuclei, one pronucleus, swollen sperm head or/and two polar bodies at $7{\sim}8$ hour after ICSI or PZD. Results: The fertilization rates after ICSI and PZD of human sperm to hamster oocyte were 3.6%, 64.2%,73.6%, and 55.6% for negative control, positive control, ICSI, and PZD respectively, suggesting that ICSI only showed improved fertilization rate (p<0.01). The fertilization rates after ICSI and PZD of hamster sperm to hamster oocyte were 11.1%, 51.2%, 39.6%, and 72.7% for negative control, positive control, ICSI, and PZD respectively, suggesting that PZD only showed improved fertilization rate (p<0.01). PZD showed significantly higher fertilization rate than ICSI (p<0.05). Conclusions: As for the fertilization rate by ICSI and PZD using hamster oocyte in IVF, ICSI technique was considered to be more useful for human sperm and PZD technique for hamster sperm. Therefore, ICSI technique was considered more appropriate for experimental application using human sperm and hamster oocyte.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2005

인간의 불임을 극복하기 위한 번식공학 기술의 효율성을 증가시키기 위해 성세포의 동결이 널리 수행되고 있으나 동결 기술의 효율성에 있어서 논란의 여지가 있다. 본 연구에서는 체외수정란을 생산하기 위한 난자세포질내 정자미세주입(ICSI) 시술에 사용되는 정자와 이들 기술을 이용 생산한 체외수정란의 동결이 배 발생 및 임신에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. ICSI방법으로 체외수정란을 생산하는 경우 정자의 동결이 체외수정, 발생 및 임신에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 특히 동결융해한 사출 및 정소정자에 의한 체외수정율과 발생율 및 임신율도 차이가 없었다. 한편 체외수정란을 동결하는 경우 완만동결과 초자화동결에 의한 체외수정란의 생존율과 임신율은 차이가 없었으나, 동결수정란은 신선수정란에 비하여 임신율이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 ICSI에 사용되는 정자와 달리 ICSI에 의해 생산된 수정란을 동결하는 경우 임신율을 저하시킬 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.447-456
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• 1999

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using epididymal and testicular sperm in patients with azoospermia. Methods: From March, 1993 to May, 1999, a retrospective clinical analysis was done of a total of 140 cycles in 112 patients who underwent ICSI. Subjects were divided into three groups: ejaculated-ICSI group included 42 cycles in 34 patients with ejaculated sperm who underwent ICSI due to severe oligospermia and past history of failed or poor fertilization in the previous in vitro fertilization and embryo tranfer (IVF-ET) cycles, microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (MESA-ICSI) group included 50 cycles in 42 patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) or unreconstructable obstructive azoospermia and testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESE-ICSI) group included 48 cycles in 36 patients with no spermatozoa which can be retrieved from epididymis or non-obstructive azoospermia. Results: Normal two-pronuclear fertilization rates were similar in three groups: 64.4% for ejaculated-ICSI group, 59.4% for MESA-ICSI group and 60.4% for TESE-ICSI group. The pregnancy rates were 26.2%, 26.0% and 25.0% respectively. There were no significant differences in the fertilization, cleavage, and clinical pregnancy rates among ICSI cycles using ejaculated, epididymal and testicular sperm. Conclusion: Epididymal and testicular sperm obtained in azoospermic patients can fertilize oocyte successfully and may lead to be similar fertilization rates and clinical pregnancy rates to ejaculated sperm.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in sibling oocytes. Additionally, we evaluated whether the implementation of split insemination contributed to an increase in the number of ICSI procedures. Methods: A total of 571 cycles in 555 couples undergoing split insemination cycles were included in this study. Among them, 512 cycles (89.7%) were a couple's first IVF cycle. The patients were under 40 years of age and at least 10 oocytes were retrieved in all cycles. Sibling oocytes were randomly allocated to IVF or ICSI. Results: Total fertilization failure was significantly more common in IVF cycles than in ICSI cycles (4.0% vs. 1.4%, p<0.05), but the low fertilization rate among retrieved oocytes (as defined by fertilization rates greater than 0% but < 30%) was significantly higher in ICSI cycles than in IVF cycles (17.2% vs. 11.4%, p<0.05). The fertilization rate of ICSI among injected oocytes was significantly higher than for IVF ($72.3%{\pm}24.3%$ vs. $59.2%{\pm}25.9%$, p<0.001), but the fertilization rate among retrieved oocytes was significantly higher in IVF than in ICSI ($59.2%{\pm}25.9%$ vs. $52.1%{\pm}22.5%$, p<0.001). Embryo quality before embryo transfer was not different between IVF and ICSI. Although the sperm parameters were not different between the first cycle and the second cycle, split insemination or ICSI was performed in 18 of the 95 cycles in which a second IVF cycle was performed. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes did not differ between IVF and ICSI in split insemination cycles. Split insemination can decrease the risk of total fertilization failure. However, unnecessary ICSI is carried out in most split insemination cycles and the use of split insemination might make ICSI more common.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

Objective: The decision to use in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or split insemination (IVF-ICSI) in the first cycle is based on the number of motile sperm. Hence, total fertilization failure (TFF) often occurs during IVF cycles, despite normozoospermia. To investigate whether the cumulative motile swim-up spermatozoa percentage at 22 hours post-insemination (MSPPI) is an indicator for ICSI, we analyzed TFF, fertilization, blastocyst development, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. Methods: This prospective study was performed using data obtained from 260 IVF cycles. At 22 hours after insemination, the remaining swim-up spermatozoa were observed and divided into six groups according to MSPPI (<10%, 10% to <30%, 30% to <50%, 50% to <70%, 70% to <90%, and 90% to 100%). Results: Regardless of the ejaculated motile sperm concentration ($0.6-280{\times}10^6/mL$ motile spermatozoa), the incidence of TFF significantly increased when MSPPI was <10%, and the fertilization rate significantly decreased when MSPPI was <30%. We found that cumulative MSPPI correlated with the cumulative fertilization rate (Spearman correlation, 0.508, p<0.001). Regarding embryo development, we observed no significant differences in the rates of blastocyst development, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, or live birth among all groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MSPPI is a viable indicator for split IVF-ICSI and ICSI. Taken together, by employing the MSPPI test in advance before IVF, ICSI, or split IVF-ICSI cycles, unnecessary split IVF-ICSI and ICSI may be avoided.