• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Objective : This paper analyzed the research trend of the experiment papers where inflammation was treated based on the oriental herbs among the issued papers of many areas such as oriental medicine and pharmacy, etc. Method : All experiment papers on the oriental herbs have been searched with the keyword of 'inflammation' in the internet sites like KISTI, OASIS, etc., and then they are analyzed on the basis of the effective classification of Korean herbal medicine, the frequency of research on Korean herbal medicine, and so forth. Result & Conclusion : It is presumed that anti-inflammation, the concept of Western Medicine, is related to clearing away heat, the concept of Korean herbal medicine, because it is ascertained that the highest cases is kinds of Korean herbal medicine effectively classified as clearing away heat medicine in the research of anti-inflammation. Also, it is checked that a ginseng is the most researched among the 138 Korean herbal medicine.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.249-254
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• 2014

Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness and eosinophils infiltration. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling are closely associated with asthma and have emerged as a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. The functions of TLR3 and TLR4 in allergic airway inflammation have been studied; however, the precise role of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-${\beta}$ (TRIF), the adaptor molecule for both TLR3 and TLR4, is not yet fully understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and compared the severity of allergic airway inflammation in WT and $TRIF^-/^-$ mice. Histopathological assessment revealed that the severity of inflammation in airway inflammation in TRIF-deficient mice was comparable to that in WT mice. The total number of cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ between WT and TRIF-deficient mice. Moreover, TRIF deficiency did not affect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in lung tissue nor the level of serum OVA-specific IgE, $IgG_1$ and $IgG_{2c}$. These findings suggest that TRIF-mediated signaling may not be critical for the development of allergic airway inflammation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.914-920
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• 2002

This experiment is carried out for test whether the addition temperament drugs of Danchisoyo-san have an anti-inflammatory effect and have suppression effect on immunocyte in the state of inflammation which induced by carageenan and zymosan. The freezing lyophilization powder which were extracted from Danchisoyo-san divided low dose group(200mg/kg-DSL) and high dose group(500mg/kg-DSH) and after melting in water, it was orally administered to the mouse. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by triggering-inflammation reagent carageenan and zymosan and normal contrast group, we measured the edema decrement effect, macrophage and spleen cell activation. 1. Danchisoyo-san has suppress inflammatory reaction induced by carrageenan. 2. Danchisoyo-san has suppress increasing activation of abdominal cavity macrophage cell in the carrageenan induced inflammation. 3. Danchisoyo-san has suppress increasing activation of spleen cell in the carrageenan induced inflammation. 4. Danchisoyo-san has suppress increasing activation of abdominal cavity macrophage in the zymosan induced inflammation. 5. Danchisoyo-san has suppress increasing activation of spleen cell in the zymosan induced inflammation. Based on the above result, Danchisoyo-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through the suppression of spleen cell and macrophage activation. So we concluded that Danchisoyo-san is prospected as a anti-inflammatory agent to cure inflammation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.22-30
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between chronic low grade inflammation theory, psoriasis, and herbal medicine. Methods : We reviewed recent studies on the relationship between chronic low-grade inflammation, psoriasis, and herbal medicine through Pubmed. Results : The pathological basis for psoriasis is the action of inflammatory mediators by the activation of the immune response, which can be a cause of various cardiovascular, metabolic and psychological symptoms of psoriasis patients, in addition to skin lesions. The herbal medicines improve these inflammatory conditions and improve local lesions through herbal medicine such as Qingdai, which have a strong inhibitory effect on IL-17,22 production. Conclusions : Herbal medicines used in psoriasis are thought to be effective not only for the improvement of local psoriasis lesions through anti-inflammatory effect but also for the improvement of systemic inflammation associated with chronic low grade inflammation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.401-414
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Soche-hwan extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions of mice. Methods : Experimental mice were divided randomly into four groups. The normal group, the gastropathy group of gastro-inflammation elicited mice, the misoprostol group of mice administered misoprostol after gastro-inflammation elicitation and the Soche-hwan group of mice administered Soche-hwan after gastro-inflammation elicitation. Results : The hemorrhagic erosion of gastric mucosa, the damage of arrangement of mucous secreted cells and HSP70 increased in the gastro-inflammation elicited group, but decreased significantly in the misoprostol and Soche-hwan extract administered groups. Cell proliferation of gastric mucosa decreased in the gastro-inflammation elicited group, but increased significantly in the misoprostol and Soche-hwan extract administered groups. The distribution of mucosal neck cells and mucosal surface cells and PNA positive reactions of surface mucus cells decreased in the gastro-inflammation elicited group, but increased significantly in the misoprostol and Soche-hwan extract administered groups. COX-1 positive cells decreased in the gastro-inflammation elicited group, but increased significantly in the misoprostol and Soche-hwan extract administered groups. iNOS mRNA and COX-2 mRNA increased in the gastro-inflammation elicited group, but decreased significantly in the Soche-hwan extract administered group. NF-kB p65, iNOS and COX-2 increased in the gastro-inflammation elicited group, but decreased significantly in the misoprostol and Soche-hwan extract administered groups. Conclusion : Soche-hwan extract had excellent effects on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.431-437
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• 2020

The hypothalamus is a crucial organ for the maintenance of appropriate body fat storage. Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) detect energy shortage or surplus via the circulating concentrations of metabolic hormones and nutrients, and then coordinate energy intake and expenditure to maintain energy homeostasis. Malfunction or loss of hypothalamic ARH neurons results in obesity. Accumulated evidence suggests that hypothalamic inflammation is a key pathological mechanism that links chronic overconsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) with the development of obesity and related metabolic complications. Interestingly, overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation occurs specifically in the ARH, where microglia initiate an inflammatory response by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to excessive fatty acid flux. Upon more prolonged HFD consumption, astrocytes and perivascular macrophages become involved and sustain hypothalamic inflammation. ARH neurons are victims of hypothalamic inflammation, but they may actively participate in hypothalamic inflammation by sending quiescence or stress signals to surrounding glia. In this mini-review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the contributions of neurons and glia, and their interactions, to HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 1989

The present study was undertaken to investigate modification in electrophysiological characteristics of cat dorsal horn cells resulting from carrageenin-induced inflammation. The followings were studied; 1) the time-course of changes in responses of the WDR (wide dynamic range) cell 1-3h after subcutaneous injection of carrageenin in its receptive field; 2) the responses of the same dorsal hern cells before and after induction of inflammation; 3) the effect of inflammation on the responsiveness of dorsal horn neurons to algogens (bradykinin & potassium); and 4) the effect of inflammation on the activity of WDR cell following administration of indomethacin and clonidine. Though responses of WDR neuron were increased dramatically during first 1h, the maximal enhancement was observed 3h after induction of inflammation especially by repetitive light tactile stimulus. Following carrageenin injection the majority of WDR neurons (10/15 units) showed enhanced responses to all the mechanical stimuli while in 3 cases responsiveness were intensified during activation by one tactile stimulus (brush or pressure). One cell was unaffected by inflammation and in another case the response was enhanced only to noxious stimulus. Five of 9 cells that could initially be driven by noxious stimulus were activated more strongly by same stimulus and even by tactile stimulus (pressure) following inflammation. In 2 cases neurons were sensitized only to noxious stimulus whereas in another 2 cells that did not show enhanced responses to noxious stimulus responses to light tactile stimulus (pressure) appeared after inflammation. Of 16 LT cells tested 6 responded to squeeze while 4 showed the characteristics of WDR cell following inflammation. No modification in responsiveness was recognized in 3 cells whereas response to only brush was enhanced in another 3 neurons. Following carrageenin injection responses of LT cell to bradykinin or $K^{+}$ were not altered whereas those of WOR neurons to bradykinin or $K^{+}$ were suppressed in 22.2% and 33.3% of cases, respectively. In two of 8 activity of HT cells were inhibited by bradykinin while in five of 8 responsiveness to $K^{+}$ were rather enhanced by inflammation. In the rest inflammation was ineffective. In inflammation-induced animal the receptive field of LT cell was not changed whereas those of WDR cell and HT cell were tremendously expanded. The enhanced responses of WDR neurons to mechanical stimuli resulted from inflammation were suppressed by intravenously injected indomethacin and clonidine suggesting that postaglandin is involved in inflammation-induced sensitization of these cells. The involvement of peripheral and central mechanisms in the modification in responsiveness of dorsal horn cells in the carrageenin-induced inflammation was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.170-173
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• 2001

Germinoma associated with chronic granulomatous inflammation of pineal gland has been rarely reported in the literature. The mechanism of chronic granulomatous inflammation is not understood well. We report a case of chronic granulomatous inflammation in pineal germinoma. In a 17 year-old male who suffered from headache and diplopia for six months, the mass of pineal gland was detected by brain MRI and removed through occipital transtentorial approach. The pathological specimen revealed the mass was predominantly composed of chronic granulomatous inflammation associated with small portion of germ cell tumor nests In the pathological interpretation of chronic granulomatous inflammation of pineal mass, it would be obliged to search for the presence of germ cell component.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2014

Objective : Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. Socheongryong-Tang traditionally has been used in Korea for treatment of allergy diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether SCRT suppresses the progression of AR in vivo and in vitro. Method : In this study, we investigated the effect of oral administration of SCRT on the Ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis mouse models. Additionally, to find a possible explanation for the anti-inflammation effects of SCRT, we evaluated the inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-stimulated mouse inflammation cell (RAW264.7) and mouse splenocyte. Results : The finding of this study demonstrated that SCRT reduced mast cells and inflammation cells infiltration in OVA-induced nasal cavity. Additionally, SCRT inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in splenocyte. However SCRT don't inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion : Taken together, our results showed that oral administration of SCRT beneficial effects in allergic rhinitis, suggesting that SCRT might be a useful candidate for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2015

Human serum albumin (HSA) has potential for diagnosis and therapy in clinical setting. The purpose of experiments was to develop and evaluate $^{68}Ga$-HSA as a PET agent for diagnosis of acute inflammation. NOTA-HSA was synthesized by conjugating 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid to HSA in 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.5) and then purified using a PD-10 size-exclusion column. NOTA-HSA was labeled with $^{68}Ga$ at room temperature for 10 min, and 8.4% sodium hydrogen carbonate buffer was added for neutralization. $^{68}Ga$-NOTA-HSA was purified using alumina N plus light cartridge and $0.22{\mu}m$ syringe filter. Labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity were determined by ITLC-SG with 0.1 M citric acid. Biodistribution study was performed in a male BALB/c mice model of Carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. Animal PET study was performed in acute inflammation mice model after tail vein injection of $^{68}Ga$-HSA. This radiotracer showed high labeling efficiency (>99%) around pH 7. Biodistribution study showed higher inflamed footpad uptake than control footpad uptake. Animal PET study revealed 2 times higher uptake on inflamed footpad compared to control footpad. In these experiments, we developed $^{68}Ga$-HSA for acute inflammation PET imaging and evaluated it in a mouse disease model. The results demonstrated that $^{68}Ga$-HSA has potential as a PET imaging agent for diagnosis of acute inflammation.