• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Curcumin은 항산화제로서 신경세포의 보호작용에 관여하며, peroxiredoxin-5는 활성산소의 형성을 저해하여 산화적 스트레스로부터 신경세포를 보호한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 허혈성 대뇌손상모델에서 curcumin에 의해 조절되는 peroxiredoxin-5 발현의 변화에 관하여 조사하였다. 실험동물은 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, 수컷)를 사용했으며, 허혈성 대뇌손상을 유도하기 위하여 중간대뇌동맥폐쇄술(MCAO)을 실시하였다. MCAO를 시행한 1시간 후에 curcumin(50mg/kg B.W.) 또는 vehicle을 복강으로 주사하였고, MCAO을 실시한 24시간 후 대뇌피질의 조직을 적출하였다. Hematoxylin과 eosin 조직염색 결과 MCAO를 시행한 대뇌피질에서는 신경세포의 괴사 소견을 보였지만, curcumin 투여군에서 이들 신경세포의 손상이 완화되어 있어 MCAO로 유도된 대뇌 손상시 curcumin의 보호효과를 확인하였다. 또한 MCAO를 실시한 vehicle+MCAO 실험군에서 peroxiredoxin-5 단백질의 발현은 감소하였으나, curcumin을 처리한 curcumin+MCAO 실험군에서는 vehicle+MCAO 실험군의 감소에 비해 감소의 폭이 현저히 줄어들어 MCAO를 시행하지 않은 sham군의 발현 수준으로 유지되었다. Reverse-transcription PCR과 Western blot 분석을 통해 중간대뇌동맥폐쇄술로 유도된 허혈성 대뇌손상 모델에서 peroxiredoxin-5 발현의 감소와 curcumin의 투여에 의한 peroxiredoxin-5 발현 감소의 완화를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 curcumin의 처리는 MCAO로 인한 peroxiredoxin-5 발현의 감소를 억제시킨다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서, 대뇌손상 모델동물에서 curcumin은 MCAO로 유도된 peroxiredoxin-5 발현의 감소 정도를 완화시킴으로서 curcumin이 신경세포 보호작용에 기여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.70-85
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• 2006

Objectives; This study examined the neuroprotective effect of Hyulbuchookautang (血府逐瘀湯, HBCAT)against neural damage following focal cerebral infarction. Methods : Sprague-Dawley Rats were induced with focal cerebral infarction by temporal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were divided into 2 groups. We treated extract of HBCAT to one group after operation (sample group), and the other group wasn't treated after operation (control group). We observed neurological scores and TIC-stained infarct area, total infarct volume in brain sections and Bax-positive neurons, HSP70- positive neurons in brain regions. Results : HBCAT treatment at 3 days after MCAO reduced neurological scores induced by MCAO. HBCAT treatment at 5 days after MCAO reduced TTC-stained infarct area in brain sections induced by MCAO. HBCAT treatment at 5 days after MCAO reduced total infarct volume in brain sections induced by MCAO. HBCAT treatment after MCAO reduced Bax-positive neurons in cortex infarct core and cortex infarct penumbra and caudo-putamen of brain regions induced by MCAO. HBCAT treatment after MCAO reduced HSP70- positive neurons in cortex infarct penumbra of brain regions induced by MCAO. Conclusions : These results suggest that HBCAT has a neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.596-602
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• 2006

This study evaluated neuroprotective effect of Sunghyangjungki-San (SHS) on the focal cerebral ischemia. The rats were induced infarct in cerebral cortex and caudoputamen by using temporal occlussion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO), then water extract of SHS was treated for MCAO rats. Neuroprotective effect was evaluated by neurological score, infarct sizes and total volume, positive neurons against Bax, Caspase-3, HSP-72, and $HIF-1{\alpha}$ in infarct area with immunohistochemistry. The results obtained were as follows: Treatment of SHS improved neurological score of MCAO rats, but there was not a statistical significance. Treatment of SHS reduced significantly infarct sizes in the brain sections of MCAO rats. Treatment of SHS reduced significantly total volume of infarct of MCAO rats. Treatment of SHS reduced significantly Bax positive neurons in penumbra of cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Treatment of SHS reduced significantly Caspase-3 positive neurons in caudoputamen and penumbra of cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Treatment of SHS reduced significantly HSP-72 positive neurons in penumbra of cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Treatment of SHS reduced significantly $IF-1{\alpha}$ positive neurons in penumbra of cerebral cortex of MCAO rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.674-684
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• 2009

Objectives : In conditions of brain infarction, irreversible axon damage occurs in the central nerve system (CNS), because gliosis becomes a physical and a mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. Reactive gliosis induced by ischemic injury such as middle cerebral artery occlusion is involved with up-regulation of GFAP and CD81. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of the Gongjin-dan (GJD) on CD81 and GFAP expression and its pathway in the rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods : In order to study ischemic injuries on the brain, infarction was induced by MCAO using insertion of a single nylon thread, through the internal carotid artery, into a middle cerebral artery. Cresyl violet staining, cerebral infarction size measurement, immunohistochemistry and microscopic examination were used to detect the expression of CD81 and GFAP and the effect on the infarct size and pyramidal cell death in the brain of the rat with cerebral infarction induced by MCAO. Also, c-Fos and ERK expression were measured to investigate the signaling pathway after GJD administration in MCAO rats. Results : Measuring the size of cerebral infarction induced by MCAO in the rat after injection of GJD showed the size had decreased. GJD administration showed pyramidal cell death protection in the hippocampus in the MCAO rat. GJD administration decreased GF AP expression in the MCAO rat. GJD administration decreased CD81 expression in the MCAO rat. GJD administration induced up-regulation of c-FOS expression compared with MCAO. GJD administration induced down-regulation of ERK expression compared with MCAO. Conclusion : We observed that GJD could suppress the reactive gliosis, which disturbs the axonal regeneration in the brain of a rat with cerebral infarction after MCAO by controlling the expression of CD81 and GFAP. The effect may be modulated by the regulation of c-Fos and ERK. These results suggest that GJD can be a candidate to regenerate CNS injury.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

본 연구는 중간대뇌동맥을 폐쇄한 대뇌허혈성 손상모델에서 ferulic acid에 의해 조절되는 HO-1과 HO-2의 발현에 관하여 조사하였다. 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, 수컷)에 ferulic acid (100 mg/kg) 또는 vehicle을 중간대뇌동맥폐쇄술(MCAO) 후 정맥으로 주사하였고 중간대뇌동맥폐쇄술(MCAO)을 실시한 24시간 후 대뇌피질의 조직을 적출하였다. Hematoxylin과 eosin 염색을 통하여 MCAO로 유도된 뇌 손상시 ferulic acid의 보호효과를 확인하였다. MCAO을 시행한 대뇌피질에서는 응축된 핵과 신경세포의 괴사 소견을 보였으나, ferulic acid 투여군에서는 이들 신경세포의 병변을 현저히 완화시켰다. HO-1과 HO-2의 RNA와 단백질 발현의 변화를 reverse-transcription PCR과 Western blot으로 분석하였다. HO-1 발현은 MCAO 후 vehicle 투여군에서 현저히 감소하였으나, MCAO 후 ferulic acid를 투여한 실험군에서는 이들 감소의 완화를 보였으며, MCAO를 시행하지 않은 실험군의 수준으로 유지되었다. 그러나, HO-2의 발현은 MCAO 후 vehicle 투여군과 ferulic acid 투여군에서 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았고 MCAO를 시행하지 않은 실험군의 수준으로 유지되었다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 허혈성 뇌 손상시 ferulic acid는 HO-1 발현을 조절하였으나, HO-2의 발현에는 영향을 미치지 못함을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 허혈성 뇌손상시 ferulic acid는 HO-1의 발현을 조절하여 신경세포를 보호하는 역할을 수행한다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.82-92
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to explore the proper method for animal stroke model of Oriental medicine To this end, brain ischemia was induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO) and proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO) and evaluated with the method of Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining and Swimming Behavior Test. Results demonstrated that first, infarct size and volume of pMCAO group were significantly bigger that those of dMCAO group. Second, analysis of swimming behavior test revealed that the percentage of left turning angles of pMCAO was significantly bigger than that of dMCAO. Third, during swimming behavior test, there were peculiar traces of small successive circles that represent motor dysfunction and conscious disturbance among dMCAO group. The results of the study thus indicate that non-invasive intraluminal method of pMCAO was the appropriate animal stroke model for Oriental medicine in the light of brain ischemia as hemiplesia and conscious disturbance.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2009

This study aimed to validate neuroprotective effect of Chungpaesagan-tang on the early stage of cerebral ischemic damage. Cerebral ischemic damage was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Water extract of Chungpaesagan-tang(8.7g/kg) was administered orally twice at 1 and 4 hours after the MCAO. Neurological score was tested at 3 and 24 hours after the MCAO and Chungpaesagan-tang administration. At 24 hours after the MCAO, infarct volume and edema ratio was evaluated with the TTC staining. Apoptotic cell death in cerebral cortex and caudate putamen was observed with cresyl violet staining and TUNEL labeling. Bax expression in the MCAO rat brain was stained with immunohistochemistry. Chungpaesagan-tang improved neurological and behavioral impairment of the MCAO rats and reduced infarct area, infarct volume and brain edema formation. Chungpaesagan-tang attenuated cell death percentage in cortex penumbra and reduced TUNEL positive cells in cortex penumbra and in caudate putamen of the MCAO rats. Chungpaesagan-tang reduced Bax positive neurons in caudate putamen and reduced c-Fos positive neurons in cortex penumbra of the MCAO rats. Chungpaesagan-tang intensified neuronal HSP72 expression in cortex penumbra of the MCAO rats. In results, Chunpaesagan-tang reduces infarct volume and edema formation through anti-apoptotic effect. This result suggests that Chunapaesagan-tang has an adequate neuroprotective effect on the early stage of cerebral ischemic damage.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate effect of Samul-tang-gamibang against focal cerebral ischemic damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). Methods : This research was used rats which were against focal cerebral ischemic damage by MCAO. It was used Zea Longa's theory and Belayev's methods to give rise to focal cerebral ischemic damage by MCAO. After 7days later, we drew out the brain and then had frozen and dyeing it and we had taken a picture to measure of the damaged area in each brain section. We determined the Neurological Index and tested the Foot-fault test and Roatated test to appraise the fall of motion ability result from cerebral ischemic damage. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. Samul-tang-gamibang reduced infarct size of sample group compared to control group at 7 day after MCAO. 2. Samul-tang-gamibang reduced infarct volume of sample group compared to control group at 7 day after MCAO. 3. Samul-tang-gamibang reduced foot-fault index of sample group compared to control group at 5,7 day after MCAO. Conclusions : Samul-tang-gamibang has protective effects against ischemic brain damage and had significant reduced infarct size and infarct volume of Rt-MCAO.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.220-229
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• 2019

Background: The therapeutic potential of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture (BVP) on acute ischemic cerebral infraction was determined in mice in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Analysis of acute ischemic cerebral infraction was performed using 7 week old male ICR mice (n = 20) and microglial BV-2 cells. Bee venom ($5{\mu}g/kg$) was injected into the caudal vein of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) mice (1 hour after reperfusion, 3 hours after MCAo probe insertion), and also used to treat LPS-stimulated microglial BV-2 cells (1, 2, $5{\mu}g/mL$). Markers of inflammation were monitored. Results: NO declined statistically significantly in BVP treated MCAo mice compared to the untreated MCAo group (p < 0.05). Compared to the MCAo group, the BVP-treated MCAo group showed a decreased production volume of malondialdehyde, but an increased glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Compared to the untreated MCAo group, the BVP treated MCAo group showed a statistically significant decline in TNF and $IL-1{\beta}$ levels (p < 0.05). BVP inhibited the levels of p65, p50, $p-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, and levels of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK2, p-P38 declined. Conclusion: BVP is effective at dampening the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro and may supplement rt-PA treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2010

Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known anti-epileptic and mood stabilizing drug. A growing number of reports demonstrate that VPA is neuroprotective against various insults. Despite intensive efforts to develop new therapeutics for stroke over the past two decades, all treatments have thus far failed to show clinical effect because of treatment-limiting side effects of the drugs. Therefore, a safety-validated drug like VPA would be an attractive candidate if it has neuroprotective effects against ischemic insults. The present study was undertaken to examine whether pre- and post-insult treatments with VPA protect against brain infarct and neurological deficits in mouse transient (tMCAO) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) models. In the tMCAO (2 hr MCAO and 22 hr reperfusion) model, intraperitoneal injection of VPA (300 mg/kg, Lp.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly reduced the infarct size and the neurological deficit. VPA treatment immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced the infarct size. The administration of VPA at 4 hr after reperfusion failed to reduce the infarct size and the neurological deficit. In the pM CAO model, treatment with VPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly attenuated the infarct size, but did not affect the neurological deficit. Western blot analysis of acetylated H3 and H4 protein levels in extracts from the ischemic cortical area showed that treatment with VPA increased the expression of acetylated H3 and H4 at 2 hrs after MCAO. These results demonstrated that treatment with VPA prior to ischemia attenuated ischemic brain damage in both mice tMCAO and pMCAO models and treatment with VPA immediately after reperfusion reduced the infarct area in the tMCAO model. VPA could therefore be evaluated for clinical use in stroke patients.