• Title/Summary/Keyword: Moisture-proofing

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Water Repellent Finish of Polyester Fabric Using Glow Discharge Treatment (글로우방전을 이용한 폴리에스테르 직물의 투습방수성 개질)

  • 김태년
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 2001
  • We have treated polyester fabric with $CF_4,\;C_2F_6,\;SF_6\;and\;C_3F_6$ glow discharge plasmas to develop functional fabrics which preserve moisture transportation and water proofing nature. Modified properties were evaluated by water vapor permeation rate and breakthrough water pressure. The change of surface morphology was observed by SEM. Fiber interstice of the plasma treated fabric was calculated as $0.32{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and this value was sufficiently ideal as water repellent material. The moisture transportation of ${CF_4}-treated$ fabric was good as much as untreated fabric, and those of $C_2$F(sub)6-treated, SF(sub)6-treated fabrics were reduced by 1~3%, and that of ${C_3F_6}-treated$ fabric was reduced by 15%. The best treatment condition were 0.06 torr 120 seconds in $CF_4$, 0.05 torr 30 seconds in $SF_6$, 0.08~0.15 torr 90 seconds in $SF_6$ and 0.1 torr 45 seconds in $C_3F_6$ respectively. The grade of moisture transportation effect was $CF_4>C_2F_6>SF_6>>C_3F_6$, and water proofing effect was $C_2F_6{\approx}CF_4>C_3F_6>SF_6$. It was observed by SEM that the thin film was formed on the surface of the treated substrate by the fluorocarbon plasma treatment.

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Adhesive Performance of Waterproofing System on Concrete Substrate with Moisture Condition (콘크리트 표면 함수비에 따른 교면방수재료의 인장접착성능)

  • 박성기;심재원;이병덕
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.979-984
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    • 2001
  • Poor water-proofing integrity is related to many factors : site procedure, workmanship, weather. substrate conditions, installation(including asphalt application) conditions. The evaluation of adhesive properties tested by concrete surface moisture and asphalt application was based on laboratory test and observations. This report describes the pull-off test results of waterproofing systems currently used for installing and reparing for concrete bridge decks. The test results showed that the moisture condition fully affected the adhesive properties of sheet membranes and sealer but partially for liquid membranes.

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Novel Recycling Technology of Ultra-fine Fibrous Materials

  • Kim, Seong-Hun;Oh, Kyung-Wha;Lee, Shin-Kyung
    • Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2006.10a
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    • pp.209-209
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    • 2006
  • Ultra-fine fibers are spun by expensive fiber spinning technology using special spinnerets. Ultra-fine fibrous materials have attracted considerable attentions because of their potential applications as high performance wiping cloths, water absorbent sound proofing materials and moisture transfer sporting good. However, production expense of ultra-fine fibers is 5 to 7 times higher than general textile materials. The objective of this research is to develop cost-effective recycling process to produce multi-functional ultra-fine fibrous material in terms of the development of garnetting and carding machines for ultra-fine fibrous material waste and scrap. The efficiency of sound absorption for the recycled polyester nonwoven increased with decreasing length and thickness of component fibers, which was attributed to the reduction of air permeability. It is expected that high value and cost-effective textile products are developed using ultra-fine fibrous wastes and that sound proofing material and oil absorbent f

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Studies on Stability for the Quality of Ginseng Products -5. Improvement of Physical Properties on Moisture Sorption of Spray Dried Red Ginseng Extract Powder- (인삼제품(人蔘製品)의 품질안정성(品質安定性)에 관한 연구(硏究) -5. 홍삼정분(紅蔘精粉)의 흡습물성(吸濕物性) 개선(改善)-)

  • Choi, Jin-Ho;Byun, Dae-Seok;Ro, Jae-Il;Park, Kil-Dong;Sung, Hyun-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 1984
  • In order to improve the physical properties on moisture sorption of spray dried red ginseng extract powder (SD-RGEP), the various additives and coating agents were treated, and solubility, sedimentation rate and storage stability of RGEPs treated were investigated. For the moisture-proofing, additive itself was effective in the order casein>dextrin>starch>avicell, but RGEPs treated with additives were effective in the order cord oil+tween-40>starch>casein. But there was no significant difference between RGEP treated less than 1% additive and the moisture-proofing. The coating effect of AEA and CAP on RGEP could not be recognized for the moisture-proofing, whereas that of HPC, corn oil, lecithin and HPC+corn oil was proved to be very effective for the moisture-proofing of RGEP. Also it is required to control the initial moisture content of RGEP. The sedimentation rate of RGEP nontreated was 65.1 seconds, whereas that of RGEPs coated with 1% HPC, 1% corn oil, 1% lecithin and 1% HPC+0.5% corn oil was in the range of 96.2 to 114.3 seconds. The sedimentation rate of RGEPs coated was 1.5 to 1.8 times higher than that of RGEP nontreated, and there was significant difference between solubility and sedimentation rate. Therefore it was no matter for the keeping quality. The sorption rates of RGEPs coated with lecithin $(0.5{\sim}1.0%$), corn oil(0.8%) and cellulose acetate (0.8%) were ranged 54 to 56%, 51 to 55% and 52 to 54%, respectively, and it is found that the moisture-proofing effect of RGEPs coated was about 2 times higher than that of RGEP nontreated. From the result of storage experiment during 3 months under the maltreated condition of $48{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 75% RH, the moisture sorption of RGEPs coated with corn oil$(0.5{\sim}1.0%$), cellulose acetate(DES, $0.5{\sim}0.8%$) and lecithin (DES, 1.0%) was not at all observed. Therefore it is considered that the circulating period of RGEPs coated with these coating agents could to give more than 3 years.

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Effect of Granule Size on Physical Characteristics of Ginseng Tablet (과립의 크기가 인삼정제의 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Myeong-Han;Seong, Hyeon-Sun;Kim, U-Jeong
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.96-103
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    • 1980
  • The effect of granule size of dried red ginseng extract on physical characteristics on tablet such as hardness, color, yield and disintegration time was studied. A moisture proofing agent was found to be necessary to form granules without serious absorption of moisture. The result showed that decrease in particle size resulted increase of values in weight, hardness and disintegration time. The granule size of 60∼80 mesh was found to be optimum for proper color uniformity and other physical characteristics of tables.

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A Study on the Material Characteristics and Functionality Evaluation of a Size Layer of a Canvas (캔버스 차단층(Size Layer)의 재료특성 및 기능평가 연구)

  • Kim, Hwan Ju;Lee, Hwa Soo;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.167-178
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    • 2016
  • Despite the size layer is an important part for conserving the artworks in the configuration of oil painting, the conservation scientific approaches of that have not been made yet. Therefore, this study produced standard samples on the basis of the analysis results of oil painting works, and carried out the evaluation of functions of the size layer materials. As a result of literature material, traditionally, animal glue was used for the size layer, whereas synthetic resin have been used in combination with animal glue since the modern age, in particular, it was identified that Polyvinyl Acetate(PVAc) was in general use. As a result of analysis of oil painting works, size layer was detected on the support and it was identified as animal glue. As a result of analysis based on Funaoka canvas for ground, it showed that the lead oxide and the titanium dioxide were the main constituents. On the basis of these results, standard samples were produced. As a result of evaluation on the functions of the size layer materials, in the case of the animal glue, stable result was observed in the shrinkag expansion rate, whereas slight weakness was observed in moisture proofing, color, and tensile strength, and dense cracks were found on surface. As for PVAc(A), moisture proofing, color, and the tensile strength exhibited stable results. Higher shrinkage rate was observed and the cracks with wide gaps were found on surface. As for PVAc(B), tensile strength, shrinkage expansion rate, and surface observation showed stable results, whereas moisture proofing property showed poor results. Different aspects were observed in each experiment, and this phenomena were considered to be due to the density and the adhesion properties between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules in the size layer materials. The results are expected to be used as materials for the oil painting work conservation henceforth.

Influence of Buckwheat Flour on Physicochemical Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Steamed Bread

  • Lee, Jun-Ho
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 2010
  • Buckwheat flour was incorporated into steamed breads by adding the flour in the range of 0~9% based on the Baker's percentages and the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance were investigated. After mixing, kneading, proofing, and molding, bread dough was steamed for 15 min using a steam tray and boiling water. The samples were cooled to room temperature for 15 min and packed in airtight bags for further analyses. pH of the steamed bread decreased slightly while titratable acidity increased significantly from 1.02 to 1.37 mL with the incorporation of more buckwheat flour in the formulation (p<0.05). Water activity was not affected by the buckwheat flour level (p>0.05). Moisture content slightly decreased from 43.72 to 42.30% while soluble solids content increased from 0.63 to 0.85 as the buckwheat flour concentration increased. As a result of the addition of buckwheat flour, the specific volume decreased from 3.31 to 2.57 mL/g; on the other hand, the spread ratio ranged from 2.17 to 2.21 without significant differences among them (p>0.05). At the higher level of buckwheat content, lower scores of all color parameters ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$-values) were observed. Firmness increased significantly with an increase in buckwheat flour content (p<0.05). Consumer acceptance tests indicated that incorporation of up to 3% buckwheat flour in the formulation of steamed breads did not significantly influence the consumers' acceptability in all attributes tested, except for color and elasticity.

Quality Characteristics of White Bread Mixed with Blanched Seomcho (Spinacia oleracea L.) Powder (Blanched 섬초(시금치) 분말을 첨가한 식빵의 품질 특성)

  • Kim, Young-Mo
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.873-882
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    • 2018
  • This research is about the quality characteristics of white bread mixed with varying ratios of Seomcho powder, such as 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% (Spinacia oleracea L.). The pH level of dough decreased as more Seomcho powder (Spinacia oleracea L.) was added, and 7% addition recorded the lowest pH. The fermentation power of dough expansion decreased as the additional ratio increased in both the first and second proofing, and it was negatively correlated to the fermentation time factor. The moisture content of bread decreased as the addition ratio increased. The bread volume became smaller as the addition ratio increased, but it correlated negatively with its specific volume. The color of the crumb, the lightness and redness decreased in comparison to the control, but the yellowness increased. The total amino acid contents increased as the addition ratio increased, and glutamic acid was positively correlated to the additional ratio. The total free amino acids increased as the additional ratio increased, but cysteine levels were high at 5% and 7% additional ratio. The textural characteristics of the bread, springiness and cohesiveness were lower than the control, but gumminess, brittleness, and hardness were higher than the control. The adhesiveness was realized at 7% additional ratio.

Characteristics of Bottom Ash Generated from Coal Fired Power Plants' Bottom Ash as an Eco-friendly Bio-composite Material - Focusing on Far Infrared Ray, Antibacteria, Antifungus, Deodorization, Aridity and Humidity - (친환경 바이오 혼합소재로서 화력발전소 유연탄 Bottom ash의 특성 연구 - 원적외선, 항균, 항곰팡이, 탈취, 조습 등을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Jong Gyu;Yeo, Woon Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2017
  • Bottom ash(BA) from coal-fired power plants is burnt and remaining ash at high temperature. Since the BA is baked at high temperature, it is considered to be the same function as the elvan. Nowadays, the demand for mortar with far infrared rays, antibacteria, antifungus, deodorization, aridity and humidity function is increasing as the materials such as Hwangtoh(yellow soil) and elvan rather than general mortar. As a result of comparing the functionality of eco-friendly bio BA mortar with that of general mortar, the far infrared ray emissivity is about $0.02{\times}10^2W/m^2$ more and the deodorization function is about 26% or more. Even in the case of humidity control, BA motors showed about 1.8 times higher than general mortar, and more than 10% higher than the "good" standards of moisture absorption and damp proofing construction materials established by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs.

Effects of Boliing, Steaming, and Chemical Treatment on Solid Wood Bending of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora S. et. Z. (자비(煮沸), 증자(蒸煮) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)가 상수리나무와 소나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • So, Won-Tek
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.19-62
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    • 1985
  • This study was performed to investigate: (i) the bending processing properties of silk worm oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) by boiling and steaming treatments; (ii) the effects of interrelated factors - sapwood and heartwood, annual ring placement, softening temperature and time, moisture content. and wood defects on bending processing properties; (iii) the changing rates of bending radii after release from a tension strap, and (iv) the improving methods of bending process by treatment with chemicals. The size of specimens tested was $15{\times}15{\times}350mm$ for boiling and steaming treatments and $5{\times}10{\times}200mm$ for treatments with chemicals. The specimens were green for boiling treatments and dried to 15 percent for steaming treatments. The specimens for treatments with chemicals were soaked in saturated urea solution, 35 percent formaldehyde solution, 25 percent polyethylene glycol -400 solution, and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution for 5 days and immediately followed the bending process, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The internal temperature of silk worm oak and Korean red pine by boiling and steaming time was raised slowly to $30^{\circ}C$ but rapidly from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80-90^{\circ}C$ and then slowly from $80-90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. 2. The softening time required to the final temperature was directly proportional to the thickness of specimen. The time required from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15mm-squared specimen was 9.6-11.2 minutes in silk worm oak and 7.6-8.1 minutes in Korean red pine. 3. The moisture content (M.C.) of specimen by steaming time was increased rapidly first 4 minutes in the both species, and moderately from 4 to 20 minutes and then slowly and constantly in silk worm oak, and moderately from 4 to 15 minutes and then slowly and constantly in Korean red pine. The M.C. of 15mm-squared specimen in 50 minutes of steaming was increased to 18.0 percent in the oak and 22.4 percent in the pine from the initial conditioned M.C. of 15 percent The rate of moisture adsorption measured was therefore faster in the pine than in the oak. 4. The mechanical properties of the both species were decreased significantly with the increase of boiling rime. The decrement by the boiling treatment for 60 minutes was measured to 36.6-45.0 percent in compressive strength, 12.5-17.5 percent in tensile strength, 31.6-40.9 percent in modulus of rupture, and 23.3-34.6 percent in modulus of elasticity. 5. The minimum bending radius (M.B.R.) of sapwood and heartwood was 60-80 mm and 90 mm in silk worm oak, and 260 - 300 mm and 280 - 300 mm in Korean red pine, respectively. Therefore, the both species showed better bending processing properties in sapwood than in heartwood. 6. The M.B.R. of edge-grained and flat-grained specimen in suk worm oak was 60-80 mm, but the M.B.R. in Korean red pine was 240-280 mm and 260-360 mm, respectively. Comparing the M.B.R. of edge-grained with flat-grained specimen, in the pine the edge-grained showed better bending processing property than the flat-grained. 7. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the rising of softening temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum softening temperature for bending was $90^{\circ}C$ in silk worm oak and $80^{\circ}C$ in Korean red pine, and the dependency of softening temperature for bending was therefore higher in the oak than in the pine. 8. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the increase of softening time as well as temperature, but even after the internal temperature of specimen reaching to the final temperature, somewhat prolonged softening was required to obtain the best plastic conditions. The minimum softening time for bending of 15 mm-squared silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen was 15 and 10 minutes in the boiling treatment, and 30 and 20 minutes in the steaming treatment, respectively. 9. The optimum M.C. for bending of silk worm oak was 20 percent, and the M.C. above fiber saturation point rather degraded the bending processing property, whereas the optimum M.C. of Korean red pine needed to be above 30 percent. 10. The bending works in the optimum conditions obtained as seen in Table 24 showed that the M.B.R. of silk worm oak and Korean red pine was 80 mm and 240 mm in the boiling treatment, and 50 mm and 280 mm in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing property of the oak was better in the steaming than in the boiling treatment, but that of the pine better in the boiling than in the steaming treatment. 11. In the bending without a tension strap, the radio r/t of the minimum bending radius t to the thickness t of silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen amounted to 16.0 and 21.3 in the boiling treatment, and 17.3 and 24.0 in the steaming treatment, respectively. But in the bending with a tension strap, the r/t of the oak and the pine specimen decreased to 5.3 and 16.0 in t he boiling treatment, and 3.3 and 18.7 in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing properties of the both species were significantly improved by the strap. 12. The effect of pin knot on the degradation of bending processing property was very severe in silk worm oak by side, e.g. 90 percent of the oak specimens with pin knot on the concave side were ruptured when bent to a 100 mm radius but only 10 percent of the other specimens with pin knot on the convex side were ruptured. 13. The changing rate in the bending radius of specimen bent to a 300 mm radius after 30 days of exposure to room temperature conditions was measured to 4.0-10.3 percent in the boiling treatment and 13,0-15.0 percent in the steaming treatment. Therefore, the degree of spring back after release was higher in the steaming than in the boiling treatment. And the changing rate of moisture-proofing treated specimen by expoxy resin coating was only -1.0.0 percent. 14. Formaldehyde, 35 percent solution, and 25 percent polyethylene glycol-400 solution found no effect on the plasticization of the both species, but saturated urea solution and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution found significant effect in comparison to non-treated specimen. But the effect of the treatment with chemicals alone was inferior to that of the steaming treatment, and the steaming treatment after the treatment with chemicals improved 10-24 percent over the bending processing property of steam-bent specimen. 15. Three plasticity coefficients - load-strain coefficient, strain coefficient, and energy coefficient - were evaluated to be appropriate for the index of bending processing property because the coefficients had highly significant correlation with the bending radius. The fitness of the coefficients as the index was good at load-strain coefficient, energy coefficient, and strain coefficient, in order.

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