• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.889-898
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• 2023

This study was conducted to estimate the abundance of narrow-ridged finless porpoises Neophocaena asiaeorientalis in the West Coast of Korea, where they predominantly inhabit. Sighting surveys were conducted in March and November 2021-2022 using vessels and aircraft during the same time periods and along the same survey transects. The aerial surveys yielded significantly more sightings than shipboard surveys, with 8.5-21.6 times the abundance and 6.3-16.9 times the number of observations. The detection rates were 0.000-0.047 and 0.0103 to 0.539 per km² for shipboard and aerial surveys, respectively. The densities were estimated to be 0.003-0.061 and 0.236-1.898 individuals per km² in the shipboard and aerial surveys, respectively. The shipboard survey conducted in March 2022 and the aerial survey conducted in November 2021 had the highest detection rates and abundance. In the coastal waters, shipboard sighting surveys face numerous challenges due to factors such as fishing gear, islands, and shallow water depths. In contrast, aerial surveys have the advantage of a shorter survey period and are less affected by weather, fisheries, coastal lines, and other variables. Thus, they are highly suitable for studying narrow-ridged finless porpoises in the coastal areas of the West Sea.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

We analyzed data of endangered mammals in the 1st grade zone of the Ecological and Natural Map of Korea that were obtained through 202 field surveys over six years. Five endangered mammal species were identified including otters, long-tailed gorals, martens, leopard cats, and flying squirrels. The total number of habitat traces collected was 918, of which 897 traces (97.7%) were excrement types. The total surveyed distance was 697.7 km and there were 2,184 grids of 250×250 m each. Of these grids, 441 or 20.2% were confirmed as habitats of endangered mammals. Moreover, we analyzed results of repeated surveys in the same area by converting them into individual one-time surveys, accounting for 23.1% of the total area. The flying squirrel showed a low correlation with the frequency of field surveys but showed many habitats in a specific season. Leopard cats and martens were correlated with the frequency of field surveys. Results of analysis confirm that the grid method used for establishing the Ecological and Natural Map is unsuitable for the habitat division of flying squirrels, otters, leopard cats, and martens, and it does not reflect the actual habitats of these four species. Therefore, we propose that the concept of the habitat grid of species must be reevaluated and improved, specifically for endangered mammals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2021

We investigated the bryophyte flora of the Gayasan Mountain National Park in Korea by conducting 18 field surveys in from April of 2009 to November of 2016 at various sites on the mountains. During the surveys, we discovered 204 taxa comprising 57 families, 106 genera, 199 species, 2 subspecies, and 3 varieties. Among these, 145 species were reported as new to the flora of Gayasan Mountain. A checklist based on a study of 903 specimens is provided. The most notable species recorded during the surveys were the rare bryophytes Hattoria yakushimensis (Horik.) R. M. Schust., Nipponolejeunea pilifera (Steph.) S. Hatt., Drepanolejeunea angustifolia (Mitt.) Grolle, Lejeuena otiana S. Hatt., Cylindrocolea recurvifolia (Steph.) Inoue and Pogonatum contortum (Menzies ex Brid.) Lesq.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 1983

After every decennial census in the U.S., national surveys such as the Consumer Expenditures surveys are redesigned. The redesigned samples will be multi-stage systematic samples. Many sampling schemes have been proposed for comparison which requires the estimation and variance estiamtion formula. This paper deals with the surveys redesign research which concerns the sample design within the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU). In constructing the estimators it deals with the problem of which first stage inflation factor to use. The expected value of the proposed estimators is also derived.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was done for reviewing problems in surveys on youth health risk behaviors in Korea and for looking for strategies to improve surveys of youth health risk behaviors through literature review. Method : This study reviewed foreign and domestic literatures. Results : The main problems were as follows; 1) lack of health risk behavior surveys focused on health behaviors, 2) differences in health risk behaviors surveyed, 3) inconsistency in the measurement on health risk behaviors, 4) lack of representativeness of the sample, using convenient sampling. Conclusions: Several suggestions were made for the future research, including establishment of systems for youth health risk behavior survey nationwide, introduction of internet survey, maintenance of consistency in health risk behaviors surveyed, investigation of relating factors relevant to health risk behaviors, and uses of survey results.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.915-924
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• 2021

Today, as interest in the importance of urban parks increases, many citied internationally are actively creating small parks, but their maintenance systems remain ineffective. Accordingly, in this study, the limitations and problems in the operation and management of urban parks were derived by examining previous studies on overall urban park maintenance and management. Based on this, the study tried to understand the actual state of maintenance and management of small parks through data surveys and field surveys related to budget execution on case sites. Then, we sought to clarify the actual state of maintenance and management of small parks through data surveys and field surveys regarding the budget execution of case sites as a basis for research to prepare an efficient and systematic improvement plan for the maintenance management system of city parks.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.940-946
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• 2015

The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus commonly inhabits the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. An investigation was conducted using data from vessel sightings and point sightings from land. During 40 days of vessel sighting surveys between 2007 and 2010, a total of 18 dolphin groups were encountered. The overall sighting rate was 0.01 group/n.m. Most Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins were sighted within 500 m of the northern coast of Jeju Island during surveys. Also, dolphin groups were observed 47 times during 109 days of shore-based surveys conducted between 2011 and 2015. The results of a dolphin distribution survey conducted in 2011 were generally similar to the results of previous surveys. However, there were no dolphin sightings from 2012 in Hanllim-eup, in the north-western part of the island, where dolphins were sighted frequently until 2011, whereas dolphin observations increased in the southern part of the island. The mean group size was 35.4 (SD=18.08) individuals. The most frequently sighted group size was 36-40 individuals. To conserve resident dolphins off Jeju Island, long term sighting surveys and environmental assessment are required to monitor their distribution patterns.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.444-455
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• 2018

Objectives: The current survey environment is changing and participation rates in national nutrition surveys are decreasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop strategies for improving the nutrition survey system in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: To develop an alternative system for conducting the KNHANES nutritional survey, we conducted focus group interviews with stakeholders of the survey, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, and expert reviews. In addition, spatial analysis of potential sites for conducting surveys instead of relying on household visits was performed, and the perception of nutritional surveys in the population eligible for KNHANES was evaluated. Results: Based on the results of the focus group interviews, SWOT analysis, and expert reviews, we propose two options for survey sites: vehicles specifically prepared for nutritional surveys and public facilities such as community service centers or public health centers. Among public facilities, community service centers were found to be more appropriate sites than public health centers because they were considered more accessible. About 90% of respondents would participate in the survey in public facilities and about 74% would in vehicles. Conclusions: Conducting national nutrition surveys in specially designed vehicles and public facilities could be a viable alternative to home visits. Next, the validity of these newly proposed nutrition survey methods needs to be compared to the results of the current national nutrition survey.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.150-158
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• 2021

The study identifies the importance of informational and legislative support in ensuring gender equality. It determines the relevance of gender inequality, the main problem, which is confirmed by research and statistical information. The study aims to determine the methods of collecting information and legal regulation of gender issues and the possibility of solving them by public authorities. The main methods of gathering information are census surveys, questionnaires, surveys on public service websites, work with local communities, surveys in nursing homes and orphanages, special survey programs, and election polls. The paper considers the legal regulation of gender inequalities at the international, state, local and organizational levels. According to the analysis of the problem of gender inequality, it is established that the problem is practically eliminated in many developed countries, while countries with low incomes face gender inequality constantly.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2018

Hofstede cultural value model is one of the most influential model for cross-cultural studies to measure national difference. In this study, we examine that Hofstede Cultural Dimensions can be measured by World Value Surveys. Selected WVS questions for 31 measurable countries after Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA), approved valid through empirical analysis. It is applicable that Individualism values(IND) has related to 2 questionnaires including life satisfaction, Power Distance values(PDI) to 2 questionnaires about political action(Signing a petition and Joining in boycotts), Masculinity values(MAS) to 2 sexual-role questionnaires like "University is more important for a boy than for a girl", Uncertainty Avoidance values (UAI) to 3 questionnaires about confidence(Parliament, The Political parties and Justice System), Long-Term Oriented values(LTO) to 4 questionnaires including "How proud of nationality" and Indulgence versus Restraints values (IVR)to 2 questionnaires including Feeling of Happiness.