• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2303-2306
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• 2015

Objective: Skin tumors are the most commonly seen cancer type worldwide. Regarding pathogenesis, it is thought that disruption of kinetics through T lymphocyte-mediated development of chronic inflammation may be involved. The present study was intended to identify role of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in the determination of risk for skin cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of 569 cases diagnosed as having primary skin tumors. Data regarding age, gender and histopathological subtype were recorded. Blood parameters studied on the day before surgery including WBCs, neutrophils, and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil:lymphocyte and neutrophil:monocyte ratios were also recorded. Two-hundred and two healthy individuals presented for check-up in an outpatient clinic were selected as the control group. Parameters studied in cases with skin cancer were compared to those healthy individuals. Findings: Of the cases with skin cancer, 401 were basal cell carcinoma (BCC) while 144 were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 13 were malignant melanoma (MM). WBC, neutrophil and monocyte counts and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were found to be lower in the patient group than in the healthy control group (p<0.001) while no significant difference was found in other parameters reviewed (p>0.05). No significant difference was found in WBC, neutrophil, neutrophil: monocyte ratio according to gender (p>0.05). Monocyte count was found to be $0.68{\pm}0.61$ in men and $0.55{\pm}0.25$ in women, indicating strong statistical significance (p<0.001). WBC, neutrophil and monocyte values were highest in control group while lowest in BCC. When BCC and SCC groups were compared to controls, significant differences found (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in lymphocyte counts among groups (p=0.976). Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios were 3.24 in BCC, 3.59 in SCC, 3.44 in MM and 5.06 in control group (p<0.001). Conclusions: In our study, it was found that there were significant differences in complete blood count, neutrophil, monocyte and neutrophil:lymphocyte levels among groups. Neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio was found to be lowest in BCC among skin cancers.

• BLOOD RESEARCH
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2018

Background IgG-mediated anaphylaxis occurs after infusion of certain monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics. New in vitro tests are urgently needed to diagnose such reactions. We investigated whether allergens trigger neutrophil oxidative burst (OB) and if neutrophil OB occurs due to allergen-specific IgG (sIgG). Methods Neutrophil OB was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 flow cytometry using a leukocyte suspension spiked with a very small patch of the allergen crude extract, Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f). The mean fluorescence intensity ratio of stimulated to unstimulated samples was calculated as the neutrophil oxidative index (NOI). Results The Der f-specific NOI (Der f-sNOI) showed a time-dependent increase after Der f extract addition. At 15 min activation, higher Der f-sIgG levels were associated with lower Der f-sNOI values in 31 subjects (P<0.05). This inverse relationship occurs due to the initial blocking effect of free Der f-sIgG. Additionally, neutrophil OB was nearly absent (Der f-sNOI of -1) in two cases: a subject with undetectable Der f-sIgG levels and washed leukocyte suspensions deprived of Der f-sIgG. Conclusion Allergens can trigger neutrophil OB via preexisting allergen-sIgG. Neutrophil OB can be easily measured in a leukocyte suspension spiked with the allergen. This assay can be used to diagnose IgG-mediated anaphylaxis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Purpose: Chronic inflammation induces cancer and cancer induces local tissue damage with systemic inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between the severity of inflammation and prognosis in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 220 patients from January 2002 to December 2006 who underwent gastric surgery. We evaluated the relationship between preoperative inflammatory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and other clinicopathological factors. Survival outcomes were compared according to the extent of inflammation. Results: Significant elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was related with old age, increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, decreased hemoglobin, increased carcinoembryonic antigen, increased tumor size and advanced TNM stage. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly correlated with old age, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and advanced TNM stage. In the univariate analysis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio had significantly poorer survival than those without elevation (all P<0.05). However, the multivariate analysis failed to prove erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: The elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were correlated with poor prognosis in the univariate analysis and there was a strong correlation between inflammatory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio) and tumor progression. Thus, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are considered useful as follow-up factors.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.518-520
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• 2002

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality based on photochemical reaction and the resultant cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. The platelet thrombus formation leading to stasis observed in vivo during PDT is called vascular shut down (VSD) effect. To investigate the mechanism of the VSD effect, we observed Human Umblical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) injury induced by photochemical reaction. We observed cell retraction and blebbing after PDT. It seems that the injury was not fetal and only morphological change. Then, the cytoplasm was stained by Calcein-AM and subendothelial area was evaluated from fluorescence microscopy. The rate of subendothelial area after PDT increased significantly. Second, we investigated interaction between neutrophils and HUVEC. Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) were differentiated into neutrophil by incubation with all-trans retinoic acid. Calcein-AM labeled neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC was evaluated from fluorescence microscopy. PDT-induced neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC depended more on the exposure of subendothlial area than on neutrophil activation. This result suggests that there is a certain interaction between neutrophil and HUVEC during PDT.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.380-383
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• 1997

CJ-50001 is a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF) developed by Cheil Jedang R&D Center. The effects of CJ-50001 on the increase of peripheral neutrophil count following intravenous and subcutaneous single administration at a dose of 20$\mu$g/kg in normal ICR mice and SD rats, respectively, were compared with those of Grasin, a control drug. Both CJ-50001 and Grasin significantly increased the peripheral neutrophil number in four treatment groups and the maximum number of neutrophil was achieved at 12 to 18 h in rats and mice, respectively. The dose dependency test was studied for CJ-50001 only in normal mice by intravenous or subcutaneous administration. When administered i.v or s.c at the various doses in normal mice, CJ-50001 significantly increased the neutrophil number over the dose of 160 ng/kg, compared with the vehicle control group. From these results, it was concluded that CJ-50001 showed efficacy similar to Grasin in the peripheral neutrophil count increase.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.376-379
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• 1997

The peripheral neutrophil recovery test was conducted to determine the efficacy of CJ-50001, a drug developed in Cheil Jedang R&D center as a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF). Grasin was used as control drug. CJ-50001 and Gratin were subcutaneously administered to ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated mice for 21 days at a dose of 10$\mu$g/kg after bone marrow transplantation and the recovery of neutrophil number was examined on the days of 9, 13, 17, and 21 after the drug administration. It was observed that the peripheral neutrophil number of the vehicle control group was recovered to the normal level on the day of 13 after the transplantation whereas the group administered with CJ-50001 and Grasin respectively, showed the normal level of peripheral neutrophil number on 9th day after the bone marrow transplantation. The number of peripheral neutrophils reached the highest level on the 21 st day of drug administration, and was recovered to the normal level on the 4th day after ceasing of the drug administration (on the 25th day of the transplantation). Thus, it was presumed that CJ-50001 showed efficacy similar to Grasin on the peripheral neutrophil recovery after bone marrow transplantation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Severe bacterial infections are frequently accompanied by depressed neutrophil functions. Thus, agents that increase the microbicidal activity of neutrophils could add to a direct antimicrobial therapy. Lysophosphatidylcholine augments neutrophil bactericidal activity via the glycine (Gly)/glycine receptor (GlyR) α2/TRPM2/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the direct effect of glycine on neutrophil bactericidal activity was not reported. In this study, the effect of glycine on neutrophil bactericidal activity was examined. Glycine augmented bactericidal activity of human neutrophils (EC₅₀ = 238 μM) in a strychnine (a GlyR antagonist)-sensitive manner. Glycine augmented bacterial clearance in mice, which was also blocked by strychnine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.). Glycine enhanced NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and TRPM2-mediated [Ca²⁺]_i increase in neutrophils that had taken up E. coli. Glycine augmented Lucifer yellow uptake (fluid-phase pinocytosis) and azurophil granule-phagosome fusion in neutrophils that had taken up E. coli in an SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor)-sensitive manner. These findings indicate that glycine augments neutrophil microbicidal activity by enhancing azurophil granule-phagosome fusion via the GlyRα2/ROS/calcium/p38 MAPK pathway. We suggest that glycine could be a useful agent for increasing neutrophil bacterial clearance.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.192-194
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• 2022

The trophic factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) plays a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system and the repair of nerve injuries. The regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine secretion from structural cells is an important process in inflammatory diseases, including asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NRG-1 and the alteration of neutrophil apoptosis by the regulation of cytokine release in the human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induce the increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). NRG-1 alone had no effect on the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. However, co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 that had been increased by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Treatment with NRG-1 did not have a direct effect on neutrophil apoptosis. Co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 was not effective on suppression of neutrophil apoptosis due to TNF-α and IFN-γ. The supernatant of BEAS-2B cells after co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 suppressed the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis that had been caused due to the supernatant treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Taken together, NRG-1 has an anti-inflammatory effect in an inflammatory milieu by the regulation of cytokine secretion and neutrophil apoptosis.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1989

사람 혈액속의 elastase와 관련된 질병에 대한 연구는 다양한 저해제의 개발을 동반해 왔으며, 최근 항생제도 그 관심대상이 되고 있다. 두 단계의 액체 크로마토그래피를 거쳐 얻은 고순도의 elastase에 12종의 항생제를 처리하였다. 세포벽합성 저해제로 알려져 있는 penicillin계와 cephalosporin계 항생제를 각각 3종씩 처리한 결과, methicillin과 cefamandole은 10mM 농도에서 elastase 활성을 50% 이상 저해하였지만, 나머지는 거의 10% 미만이었다. 단백질합성 저해제 중 oxytetracycline의 elastase에 대한 저해효과는 10mM 농도에서 95% 이상으로 매우 탁월하였으며 $(IC_{50}=0.3mM)$, gentamicin도 50% 이상 저해하였으나, 다른 aminoglycoside나 chloramphenicol은 역시 10%미만이었다. 실험해 본 항생제 가운데, oxytetracycline, cefamandole, methicillin, gentamicin 등은 elastase에 대한 강력한 저해제였으며, 그 작용기전은 항생제의 알려진 약리학적 기전과는 다른 차원의 모델임이 분명하였다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2021

Purpose: We aimed to study the association of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and leukocyte differential count in children with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: Medical records of 154 children aged 1 month to 13 years with febrile UTI who were hospitalized were retrospectively reviewed. Associations between pNGAL levels and blood leukocyte differential count at admission and after 48 hours of treatment were investigated in children with or without acute pyelonephritis (APN). Results: The APN group (n=82) showed higher pNGAL levels, neutrophil count, monocyte count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), compared to the non-APN group (n=72) (all P<0.05). After adjustment for age and sex, pNGAL showed positive correlations with neutrophil count and NLR in both groups (all P<0.05). Additionally, it was correlated with the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) only in the APN group (P<0.05). Before and after treatment, pNGAL was positively correlated with neutrophil count, NLR, and MLR in patients with APN while it was related with neutrophil count and NLR in those without APN (all P<0.05). Areas under the receiver operating curve of pNGAL, neutrophil count, NLR, and MLR for predicting APN were 0.804, 0.760, 0.730, and 0.636, respectively (all P<0.05). Only pNGAL was independently associated with the presence of APN in a multivariable logistic regression analysis (P<0.05). Conclusion: In children with febrile UTIs, pNGAL might be associated with leukocyte differential count and the presence of APN.