• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2015

Traditionally, 5 kinds of fruits with "ja(子)" in their name, including Rubus coreanus, Schisandra chinensis, Lycinum chineuse, Torilidis fructus, and Cuscuta seed, collectively called Oja(五子), are long known to enhance stamina. In the present study, we replaced tosaja with gyeolmyeongja(Cassiae semen ) and examined the effects of extracts from these fruits on andropause. This study investigated the antioxidant effect and testosterone synthesis of Oja water extract on Leydig TM3 cells. To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide induces oxidative stress in Leydig cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay, nitric oxide assay, and testosterone assay were performed on mouse Leydig TM3 cells. The results were obtained as follows: Leydig TM3 cells viability was assessed by a modified MTT assay, and the protection effect of Oja water extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell oxidative stress were examined by mitochondrial activity. Oja water extract could efficiently protect cytotoxicity induced by H₂O₂. Oja water extract promoted testosterone synthesis. These results suggest that Oja water extract has protective roles and promotes steroidogenesis in Leydig cells through its anti-oxidant action.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2008

Background: Microglia produces a barrage of factors (IL-l, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, superoxide) that are toxic to neurons and playa major role in the cellular immune response associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD). OJaJiHwangEumJa(OJJHEJ) has been usually used for the treatment of senile disorders. For enhancing efficacy and convenience, the change of the drug delivery device of oriental herbal medicine is required. Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on proinflammatory cytokine of microglia and memory deficit model. Method: The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract on production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results: 1. The OJJHEJ hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in BV2 microglial cell line and the production of IL-6 was suppressed significantly. 2. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 3. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusions: This experiment shows that the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be effective for the prevention and treatment of memory impairment diseases. Investigation into the clinical use of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 1996

Principal component analysis(PCA) is an essential technique for data compression and feature extraction, and has been widely used in statistical data analysis, communication theory, pattern recognition, and image processing. Oja(1992) found that a linear neuron with constrained Hebbian learning rule can extract the principal component by using stochastic gradient ascent method. In practice real data often contain some outliers. These outliers will significantly deteriorate the performances of the PCA algorithms. In order to make PCA robust, Xu & Yuille(1995) applied statistical physics to the problem of robust principal component analysis(RPCA). Devlin et.al(1981) obtained principal components by using techniques such as M-estimation. The propose of this paper is to investigate from the statistical point of view how Xu & Yuille's(1995) RPCA works under the same simulation condition as in Devlin et.al(1981).