• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigated the water requirement of twisted sweet peppers which are cultivated in a green house. The meteorological conditions during the experiment period was close to that of normal year except the temperature and relative humidity. The growth status was improved with the increased saturation ratio. The range of the variation of daily water requirement were very large. The peak consumption occurred in the early August. And the higher saturation ratio resulted in higher water requirement. The total water requirement were about 57.180g/d/plant for pot with 100% (P100) of saturation , about 38.700g/d/plant for pot with 80%(P80) of saturation , about 23,720g/d/plant for pot with 60%(P60) of saturation, and about 53, 390g/d/plant for field cultivation in the green house, respectively. The water requirement was correlated with average ambient temperature and growing status, while no significant correlation were found between water requirement and minimum relative humidity or intensity of solar radiation. And the higher correlation was shown as the saturation ratio was increased. The transpiration coefficients of twisted sweet pepper were 378.0g/g for field cultivation in the green house, 363.3g/g for P100, 338.7g for P80 which was the smallest among pot cultivation , and 472.1g/g for P60 , respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.306-310
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• 2004

In this paper, we consider the Ring Loading Problem with integer demand splitting (RLP). The problem is given with a ring network, in which a required traffic requirement between each selected node pair must be routed on it. Each traffic requirement can be routed in both directions on the ring network while splitting each traffic requirement in two directions only by integer is allowed. The problem is to find an optimal routing of each traffic requirement which minimizes the capacity requirement. Here, the capacity requirement is defined as the maximum of traffic loads imposed on each link on the network. We formulate the problem as an integer program. By characterizing every extreme point solution to the LP relaxation of the formulation, we show that the optimal objective value of the LP relaxation is equal to p or p+0.5, where p is a nonnegative integer. We also show that the difference between the optimal objective value of RLP and that of the LP relaxation is at most 1. Therefore, we can verify that the optimal objective value of RLP is p+1 if that of the LP relaxation is p+0.5. On the other hand, we present a strengthened LP with size polynomially bounded by the input size, which provides enough information to determine if the optimal objective value of RLP is p or p+1.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the satisfaction degree related to job by general characteristics, satisfaction factors. This survey was based on the questionnaire method. The sample consisted of 51 noncommissioned officers, 72 administrative officers and 160 nurse officers from army hospitals. The data were collected from March 14 to April 18, 1994 and statistically analysed by percentage, mean and $x^2$ test. Factors of job satisfaction consist of 6 categories; job pristige, interaction, autonomy, task requirements, pay, and organizational requirements. The overall job satisfaction degree was $62.8\%$ in NCOs, $54.2\%$ in administrative officers and $33.3\%$ in nurse officers. The job satisfaction of NCCs increased in factors of job prestige (p<0.01), autonomy (p<0.05), task requirement (p<0.05), and was higher as age. There were statistically significant in the factors of pay in school background, Job prestige in rank (p<0.05). 'I'm OK and You're OK' type was $76.5\%$ which was the highest rate and A major personal traits also showed the highest job satisfaction $(63.7\%)$. There were significant difference between major personal traits and interaction (p<0.01), autonomy (p<0.05), organizational requirement (p<0.01), pay (p<0.05) and task requirement. The job satisfaction of administrative Officers was represented significant differences in factors of pay (p<0.05), task requirements (p<0.05) by school background. Long term Workers showed the highest job satisfaction and significant difference in factors of job prestige and organizational requirement (p<0.01). Job satisfaction in 'I'm OK but you're not OK' type was slightly high, and CP major personal traits also showed the highest job satisfaction. The job satisfaction of nurse officers was represented significant difference in factors of autonomy (p<0.01), job prestige (p<0.05), organizational requirement (p<0.05), and pay by age. In CP major personal traits. job satisfaction showed the highest rate (75.0)

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-56
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• 2002

Presented in this study is a top-down functional requirement analysis procedure and the desired functionalities for PDM system development, and the benefits of top-down approach over a conventional bottom-up approach is also shown. For the purpose of top-down requirement analysis for PDM system, this study proposes 4P modeling view. 4P modeling view is defined as a modeling perspective for classifying functional requirements and integrating product-related information objects that must be man-aged within PDM systems. Based on 4P modeling templates, benchmarking analysis of commercially major PDM products is conducted and as a result of this analysis, this study suggests desired functionalities for PDM system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.327-332
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the water requirement of green peppers which are cultivated in a greenhouse under the different soil water conditions. The meteorological conditions during the experiment period was not predominantly different from the conditions in a normal year. The highest leaf area per plant, plant height, and yield were 6,143$\textrm{cm}^2$/plant, 107cm, and 751g/plant, respectively. And daily variation of water requirements of green peppers ranged from 30 to 1,250g/d/plant which was fluctuated with significant difference. Total water requirements per plant which cultivated under the soil water conditions with different saturation ratios were 23,619g for P100, 43,044 for P80, and 2915g for P60, respectively. There were close correlation between plant height and water requirements. Low correlations were found between greenhouse ambient temperature and water requirement, while significant linear regression was shown between both of humidity and solar radiation and water requirement.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.198-211
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• 2014

Objectives: To investigate the use frequency and amount of food sources of sodium and knowledge requirement, and job satisfaction with school food services according to the school types in Busan. Methods: A total of 98 schools were surveyed and knowledge requirement and job satisfaction were assessed using a questionnaire. In addition, the use frequency and amount of food sources of sodium for 10 school days were examined. Results: The response rate of the most difficult area among dietitians' tasks was significantly high in 'nutrition education and counseling' for elementary schools and 'hygiene management' for high schools (p < .05). The response rate of the factors to be considered in meal planning was significantly high in 'energy and nutrients requirement' for elementary schools and 'menu/taste preference of students' for middle and high schools (p < .05). The response rate of whether school food services affect health and eating habits of students or not was significant high in 'very helpful' for elementary schools (p < .001). The average sodium contents in the meals of elementary, middle and high schools was 1981.4 mg/meal/person/day, 1867.3 mg/meal/person/day and 1,329.9 mg/meal/person/day, respectively. For foods in highest sodium, Kimchi, Oribulgogi, and Kare rice were ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively. The main reason for not providing the fruits was 'price' among all groups. The knowledge requirement such as 'nutrition and menu management', 'nutrition education', and 'nutrition counseling' was significantly higher in elementary school compared with middle and high school (p < .001, p < .01, and p < .01 respectively). The dietitians and nutrition teachers of elementary schools have a higher job satisfaction compared with those of middle schools (p < .01). The job satisfaction was positively correlated with knowledge requirement of dietitians and nutrition teachers of elementary and middle schools. Conclusions: The results suggest that developing dietitians' education program about knowledge requirement contribute to increasing the school food service and job satisfaction in elementary and middle schools.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 1983

The pH of containment spray and sump water following a LOCA for KNU 5'||'&'||'6 and KNU 1 was calculated to see if pH design criteria of containment spray system established by USNRC were met. The pH calculations have been made for the two cases; maximum pH and minimum pH. For KNU 5'||'&'||'6, results showed that long term sump pH values calculated for the maximum pH and minimum pH case well met the pH requirement of at least 8.5 and spray pH for the maximum case slightly exceeded the range of design criteria (8.5 to 11.0). For KNU 1, pH requirement of long term sump pH was also met, however, spray pH value for the maximum pH case was very largely greater than that of current pH requirement. (No pH requirement of containment spray water has been established at the time of designing KNU 1) In order to find the design parameters of containment spray system which are expected to meet the spray pH requirement, several calculations were wade, by changing the input parameters to "LCCAPH". Finally, it was shown that the boric acid concentration in RWST (refueling water storage tank), which was the primary sources of containment spray water during injection mode, be maintained the range of 2750 ppm to 2850 ppm, or tile flow rate of NaOH added to spray water he kept between 10 gpm to 24 gpm.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.378-382
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• 2004

Soil pH is an important indicator for soil reactions and crop growth. pH buffer capacity and lime requirements are necessary to comprehend and manage soils well. The characteristics related with soil pH were analyzed and 5 field trials were conducted to elucidate pH buffer capacity of soil and lime requirements and liming factor for Korean acid soils. Soil minerals were analyzed for the soil of 2 years after treating $CaCO_3$ using X-ray diffraction. The amount of neutralized $H^+$ was regarded as the exchangeable aluminium overcoming ${\Delta}pH$, because pH buffer capacity of soil depended on exchangeable aluminium. Lime requirement was somewhat similar to the KCl exchangeable aluminium and it was also affected by the exchangeable cation by added lime. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that an aluminium dissociation from Korean acid soils was equilibrated with kaolin minerals and changed into anorthite ($CaAl_2Si_2O_8$) by neutralizing with $CaCO_3$. Neutralizing process was composed of changing process of $Al^{3+}$ into $H^+$ and $Al(OH)_4{^-}$ ionic species and of neutralizing $H^+$ by, the amount of which was lime requirement. The fact that anorthite dissociates an aluminium ion higher than kaolinite does enabled to consider a liming factor (LF) the content of exchangeable cation and ${\Delta}pH$, $LF=1.5+0.2{\times}{\sum} Cations{\times}{\Delta}pH$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1282-1288
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• 2013

A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to estimate the phosphorus (P) requirement for maintenance and growth of crossbred lambs of Dorper with a Chinese indigenous sheep breed, thin-tailed Han sheep. Thirty-five Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred, noncastrated ram lambs ($20.3{\pm}0.22kg$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)) were used. Seven lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 20 kg SBW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 28 kg SBW. The remaining 21 sheep were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 sheep each and subject to the same diet of either 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake. The 3 groups were slaughtered when the sheep fed ad libitum reached 35 kg of SBW. Body P contents were determined after slaughter. The results showed that the net P requirement for maintenance was 30.0 mg/kg of empty body weight (EBW) or 23.4 mg/kg body weight (BW), and the P requirement for growth decreased from 5.3 to 5.0 g/kg of EBW gain as the lamb grew from 20 to 35 kg. The net P requirement for growth of Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs was lower than that of sheep adopted by the American nutritional system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

Four early-fattening Hanwoo steers weighing $247{\pm}13.5kg$ were used within a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to establish a nutrient requirement for maintenance and to investigate nutritional changes in the steers under heat stress condition. The steers were fed four different energy level diets: 100% (control) and 100%, 115% and 130% of total digestible nutrients (TDN) requirement of the early-fattening Hanwoo steers for maintenance based on the Korean Feeding Standard for Hanwoo. The steers in the control were housed with no stress (temperature $24^{\circ}C$ and humidity 60%), whereas the steers in the other groups were under heat stress (temperature $30^{\circ}C$ and humidity 70%). True digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and other nutrients were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by heat stress (i.e., control vs T100). This may be the result of a lower DM intake than that of the Korean feeding standard due to the establishment of the nutrients requirement under heat stress. Heat stress and different energy intake levels did not affect the blood metabolite concentrations. Average daily gain (ADG) for T100 (-69.6 g) was lower than that of the control (-44.6 g, numerically), T115 (44.6 g, p < 0.05) and T130 (83.3 g, p < 0.05), respectively. Based on the ADG and TDN intake, the equation (Y = 0.1814X + 111.5) for the TDN requirement of the early fattening Hanwoo steers for maintenance was calculated, indicating that 11.5% of TDN requirement for maintenance under heat stress may be additionally supplied.