• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2000

We examined the neurotoxic effects of 3 glutathione (GSH) depletors, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), diethyl maleate (DEM) and phorone, under the presence of trolox, cycloheximide (CHX), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or MK-801 in primary mouse cortical cell cultures. All three depletors induced neuronal death in dose and exposure time dependent manner, and decreased total cellular GSH contents. The patterns of the neuronal death and the GSH decrements were dependent on the individual agents. DEM $(200\;{\mu}M)$ induced rapid and irreversible decrement of the GSH. BSO (1 mM) also decreased the GSH irreversibly but the rate of decrement was more progressive than that of DEM. Phorone (1 mM) reduced the GSH content to 40% by 4 hr exposure, that is comparable to the decrement of BSO, but the GSH recovered and reached over the control value by 36 hr exposure. BSO showed a minimal neurotoxicity $(0{\sim}10%)$ at the end of 24 hr exposure, but marked neuronal cell death at the end of 48 hr exposure. The BSO (1 mM)-induced neurotoxicity was markedly inhibited by trolox or CHX and partially attenuated by MK-801. DEM induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity at the end of 24 hr exposure. Over the doses of $400\;{\mu}M,$ glial toxicity also appeared. DEM $(200\;{\mu}M)-induced$ neurotoxicity was markedly inhibited by trolox or PDTC. Phorone (1 mM) induced moderate neurotoxicity (40%) at the end of 48 hr exposure. Only CHX showed significant inhibitory effect on the phorone-induced neurotoxicity. These results suggest that the GSH depletors induce neuronal injury via different mechanisms and that GSH depletors should be carefully employed in the researches of neuronal oxidative injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.24-32
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• 2021

Two new sesterterpenes, including a known sesterterpene, were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. collected in the Gageo island, Korea. One of the new sesterterpenes (1) was an unusual compound possessing a spiroketal moiety and the other (2) represented a four ring-fused skeleton. The planar structure of compound 1 was identical to gombaspiroketals A and B isolated from the marine sponge Clathria gombawuiensis, but the configuration for the two chiral centers was different each other. On the other hand, the skeletal structure of compound 2 was similar to that of phorone A isolated from Phorbas sp. and a compound from C. gombawuiensis, except for one configuration at C-8. However, in comparing the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data, the proton and carbon chemical shifts for the three compounds were almost consistent. The NOESY spectrum revealed that the C-8 configuration of 2 was reversed to that of the two reported compounds. The configuration for compound 2 was supported by quantum mechanical calculation for the carbon chemical shifts and DP4+ probability for the protons and carbons of 2.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 1994

To evalulate the antioxidant effect of flavonoid(+)-catechin on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo, rats were fed with diets containing $5\%$ corn oil(CO), $5\%$ corn oil and $15\%$ purified fresh fish oil(FO) or peroxidized fish oil(PFO) for 10 days. To accerelate lipid peroxidation, all of them were injected with 60mg phenobarbital(a day per kg body weight), and treated with phorone(diisopropylidene acetone) before the rats were killed. Contents of triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesterol and lipid peroxide and the activities of GOT, GPT in serum and total lipid and cholesterol content in liver of PFO group rats were significantly higher than those of the FO one. Contrary to our expectations, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in liver of the FO group were ]ewer than those of the PFO group. These results might be explained as the results of homeostasis. Even though the hepatic glutathione were depleted, catechin and a-tocopherol inhibited production of lipid peroxide effectively. These results suggested that catechin be considered an antioxidative and hepatoprotective agent.