• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

There are total 33 prescriptions containing Polygala tenuifolia as a principal medicine in Donguibogam. This report describes the studies on therapeutic range, symptom, pathology and composition of 33 Polygala tenuifolia-main blended Prescriptions from Donguibogam. The percentage of Polygala tenuifolia-main blended prescriptions for the therapeutic range are as follows: psychopathy is the most frequent(54.4%) and eczema, purulent inflammation is second(21%) and feebleness is third(15%). The main pathologies of Polygala tenuifolia-main blended prescriptions are associated with heart, kidney and stomach. The main combinations of Polygala tenuifolia-main blended prescriptions in psychopathy are Jeongji-hwan and Chongmyung-tang.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 2010

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical gas and a messenger molecule. NO has many physiological functions, but excessive NO production induces neurotoxicity. Objective: The present study investigated whether the aqueous extract of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow possesses a protective effect on NO-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. Method: For this study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed. Result: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) exposure significantly decreased the viability of cells. The cells treated with SNP exhibited several apoptotic features such as increasing of Bax expression, caspase-3 enzyme activity and inhibiting of Bcl-2 expression. On the other hand, the viability of cells pre-treated with the aqueous extract of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow was increased dose-dependently. The cells pre-treated for 1 h with the aqueous extract of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow followed by treatment with SNP showed a decreased occurrence of apoptotic features like decreasing Bax expressions, caspase-3 enzyme activity and increasing Bcl-2 expressions. The aqueous extract of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow reduced apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC through the inhibition of Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation and the increasing of Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion: Based on the present results, it is possible that Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow has therapeutic value for the treatment of a variety of NO-induced brain diseases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-10
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• 1962

Total saponin and oil fraction of Polygala tenuifolia were tested for their anticholesterolemic properties by a "Three day fasting method" on rabbits. It has been reported that saponin have the anticholesterolemic activity, however this activity is not general property of all kinds of saponin. As shown in Table, Polygala saponin has not significant anticholesterolemic activity on rabbits. On administering oil fraction of Radix Polygala, serum cholesterol level in rabbits increased to 224.7% while the control group 43.2%.oup 43.2%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1999

Five compounds were isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia (Polygalaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds were characterized as ${\alpha}-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2')-{\beta}-D-(3'-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranoside$ (P3), ${\alpha}$-D-{6-O-(p-methoxybenzoyl)}-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}2')$-${\beta}$-D-{3'-O-(3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoyl)}-fructofuranoside(P4), ${\alpha}$-D-{6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)}-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}2')$-${\beta}$-D-{3'-O-(3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoyl)}-fructofuranoside(P5), ${\alpha}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2')-{\beta}-D-(1'-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranoside$(P6), $1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol$(P7) respectively. ${\alpha}$-D-{6-O-(p-Methoxybenzoyl)}-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}2')$-${\beta}$-D-{3'-O-(3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoyl)}-fructofuranoside(P4) and ${\alpha}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2')-{\beta}-D-(1'-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranoside$(P6) were isolated for the first time from the genus of Polygala. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol(P7) was isolated without hydrolysis for the first time from the root of Polygala tenuifolia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.417-419
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• 1999

$Three\;compounds-ethyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$, 1,2,3,7-tetramethoxyxanthone, 1,7-dimethoxyxanthone-were isolated from roots of Polygala tenuifolia. The structures of these compounds were establised on the basis of spectral evidence including 2D NMR and HMBC studies. $Ethyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ was isolated for the first time from Polygala genus and HMBC data of these compounds were first reported.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.459-461
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• 2000

From the n-hexane layer of the MeOH extract of the roots of Polygala tenuifolia, three compounds (2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy benzophenone, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid ethyl ester and 1,2,3,6,7- pentamethoxyxanthone) were isolated. 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzophenone and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid ethyl ester were first isolated from Polygala genus. Their structures were elucidated employing 2D-NMR, IR, UV, and MS techniques.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Polygala Tenuifolia, also described as Yuan Zhi, is a conventional botanic plant found in Korea and China. It's most well- known promise is to improve cognition and guard against mental disorders, cure sputum, anxiety, and sleeplessness, and keep the central nervous system health. The pharmacological aspects of Polygala Tenuifolia's genesis and component compounds reveal the neuroprotective potential in connection to Alzheimer's disease. It contains three herbs: Bokshin, Sukchangpo, and Wongi. P. Tenuifolia's primary ingredients are Xanthone glycosides, Triterpenoid saponins, and Oligosaccharides. Polygalasaponins and Etrahydrocolumbamine are the major components, and they've been widely used for more than a century to relieve mood and psychological illnesses, particularly in North Asian countries such as Korea, China, Japan, and Taiwan. P. Tenuifolia extract eliminates allergic illnesses such as eczema and contact dermatitis by modulating Protein kinase-A and Mitogen-protein kinase-38. In vitro and in vivo studies linking P. tenuifolia root ingredients to a variety of pharmacological effects pertinent to AD show that this species' isolates may function through polyvalency. In great health, people can take up to 250-300 mg per day. It was given in peer-reviewed studies at dosages of 100-150 mg many times each day. There is minimal evidence that it improves verbal memory in experimental animals.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.564-568
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• 2008

The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd (PT) is known to have neuroprotective effects and as an antidementic herb in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine. We examined potential neuroprotective effects of PT using the 4-vessel occlusion model in rats. In this study, the efficacy of PT for the prevention of neuronal damage and for the reduction of memory impairment was investigated. The results indicate that PT confers significant neuroprotection especially for ischemic hippocampal neurons.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 1985

A new $\beta$-carboline alkaloid, 1-carbobutoxy-$\beta$-carboline as well as $N_{9}$ -formylharman, 1-carboethoxy-$\beta$-carboline, 1-carbomethoxy-$\beta$- carboline, perloyrine, harman and norharman were isolated from the rhizoma of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 1996

Three medicinal species of the genus Polygala were examined by comparative morphology, anatomy and TLC analysis. They were classified into three species, and distinctly divided into two groups in this study. Group I is composed of P. japonica, P. sibirica and Group II P. tenuifolia. Considered on the relationships between two groups by the differences of leaf shape, adnated part of petal, flower colour, fruit shape etc., Group II may have been independently evolved from the common ancestor by having one raw of palisadelike chlorenchyma under the stem epidermis through the different pathway. It is also suggested that the taxa of Group II appear to be more advanced than those of Group I.