• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

In order to establish the manifestational symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of deficiency of Qi and blood(氣虛, 血虛), stagnation of Qi(氣滯), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), and, 546 questionaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. Symptomatic differences of male and female specimens were as follows. HFS of Qi deficiency were similar in terms of inactivity like mental and physical fatigue, enervation in men and women. In blood deficiency, dizziness and light sleep were common in men and women, but mucosal symptoms of conjunctiva, lip, nail bed were more frequent in women than men. Emotional explosion was common in Qi stagnation, then women had more motivation-related symptoms than men. Inner heat was frequently arisen in Yin deficiency in both, and the heat was expressed more common in exterior and upper part in women but in interior abdominal part in men. In Yang deficiency, main symptoms of men were feeling coldness in peripheral, but Qi deficiency symptoms were more common in women former than coldness.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-103
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• 1995

Study on Pulmonary emphysema based on literature and thesis, etc. Knowing the cause of the oriental medicine and treatment. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the oriental medicine, we could find that emphysema was similiar to Pye-Chang, Huh-Chun. Sang-Qi, Dan-Qi, So-Qi. 2. The cause was divided to asthenia of the lung and kidney, yang-asthenia of the spleen and kidney with energy-asthenia of the lung as the root, and sputum(痰) had been important in the early period of disease, extravasated blood in the latter period. The proximate cause was clonic pulmonary disease, smoking, air pollution. occupation and symptoms of senility, congenital cause etc. 3.The treatment was divided to Gang-Qi-Wha-Dam, Whal-Hyul-Wha-Eo, Jin-Hae-Pyung-Chun in progress of disease and it was divided to Geon-Bi, Nab-Qi, On-Yang, Yang(養)-Eum, Qi-Eum-Ssang-Bo in relieve period. 4.The medicine used to Bu-Bi-Seng-Maek-San, Jo- Jung-Ik-Qi-Tang, Jung-Won-Eum, Geum-Guae-Sin-Qi-Whan, Jin-Mu-Tang, Yuk-Mi-Whan and So-ja-Gang-Qi-Tang, Pae-Mo-Tang, Ja-Won-Tang, Do-Dam-Tang, Chun-min-Tang, Jeon-Ho-Tang etc. The popular used medicine used to Bo-Pae-Tang, Pyung-Chun-Go-Bon-Tang, In-Sam-Hap-Gae-San-Ga-Gam, In-Sam-Yun-Pae-Won, Jung-Chun-Tang, Bo-Shin-Lee-Pae-Tang etc. Exogenous pathogenic fact and increasing of symptom used to Sam-So-Eum, Sang-Gook-Eum, Wol-Bi-Ga-Ban-Ha-Tang, Sa-Baek-Tang, Ma-Hwang-Tang etc.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.211-243
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment, medicine of Wei symptom through the literature of oriental and western medicine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Wei symptom is the symptom that reveals muscle relaxation without contraction and muscle relaxation occures in the lower limb or upper limb, in severe case, leads to death. 2. Since the pathology and etiology of Wei symptom was first described as "pe-yeol-yeop-cho"(肺熱葉焦) in Hung Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), for generations most doctors had have accepted it. but after Dan Ge(丹溪), it had been classified into seven causes, damp-heat(濕熱), phlegm-damp(濕痰), deficiency of qi(氣虛), deficiency of blood(血虛), deficiency of yin(陰處), stagnant blood(死血), stagnant food(食積). Chang Gyeng Ag(張景岳) added the cause of deficiency of source qi(元氣). 3. The concept of "To treat Yangming, most of all"(獨治陽明) was emphasized in the treatment of Wei symptom and contains nourishment of middle warmer energy(補益中氣), clearance of yangming-damp-heat(淸化陽明濕熱). 4. Since Nei-ching era(內經時代), Wei and Bi symptom(痺症) is differenciated according to the existence of pain. After Ming era(明代) appeared theory of co-existence of Wei symptom and pain or numbness but they were accepted as a sign of Wei symptom caused by the pathological factor phelgm(痰), damp(濕), stagnancy(瘀). 5. In the western medical point of view, Wei symptom is like paraplegia, or tetraplegia. and according to the causative disease, it is accompanied by dysesthesia, paresthsia, pain. thus it is more recommended to use hwal-hyel-hwa-ae(活血化瘀) method considering damp-heat(濕熱), qi deficiency of spleen and stornach(脾胃氣虛) as pathological basis than to simply differenciate Wei and Bi symptom according to the existence of pain. 6. The cause of Gullian-Barre syndrome(GBS) is consist of two factors, internal and external. Internal factors include asthenia of spleen and stomach, and of liver and kidney. External factors include summur-damp(暑濕), damp-heat(濕熱), cold-damp(寒濕) and on the basis of "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治), the cause of GBS is classified into injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), infiltration of damp-heat(濕熱浸淫), asthenia of spleen and kidney(脾腎兩虛), asthenia of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), asthenia of liver and kidney (肝腎兩虛). 7. The cause of GBS is divided by according to the disease developing stage: Early stage include dryness-heat(燥熱), damp(濕邪), phlegm(痰濁), stagnant blood(瘀血), and major treatment is reducing of excess(瀉實). Late stage include deficiency of essence(精虛), deficiency with excess(虛中挾實), and essencial deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎精不足) is major point of treatment. 8. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the stage. In case of summur-damp(暑濕), chung-seu-iki-tang(淸暑益氣湯) is used which helps cooling and drainage of summer-damp(淸利暑濕), reinforcement of qi and passage of collateral channels(補氣通絡). In case of damp-heat, used kun-bo-hwan(健步丸), In case of cool-damp(寒濕), used 'Mahwang-buja-sesin-tang with sam-chul-tang'(麻黃附子細辛湯合蓼朮湯). In case of asthenia of spleen and kidney, used 'Sam-lyeng-baik-chul san'(蔘笭白朮散), In case of asthenia of liver and kidney, used 'Hojam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 9. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治). In the case of injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), 'Chung-jo-gu-pae-tang'(淸燥救肺湯) is used. In case of 'infiltration of damp-heat'(濕熱浸淫), us-ed 'Yi-myo-hwan'(二妙丸), In case of 'infiltration of cool-damp'(寒濕浸淫), us-ed 'Yui-lyung-tang', In case of asthenia of spleen, used 'Sam-lyung-bak-chul-san'. In case of yin-deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), used 'Ji-bak-ji-hwang-hwan'(知柏地黃丸), or 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 10. Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy is occuered by compression or ischemia of spinal cord. 11. The cause of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy consist of 'flow disturbance of the channel points of tai-yang'(太陽經兪不利), 'stagnancy of cool-damp'(寒濕凝聚), 'congestion of phlegm-damp stagnant substances'(痰濕膠阻), 'impairment of liver and kidney'(肝腎虛損). 12. In treatment of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy, are used 'Ge-ji-ga-gal-geun-tang-gagam'(桂枝加葛根湯加減), 'So-hwal-lack-dan-hap-do-hong-eum-gagam(小活絡丹合桃紅飮加減), 'Sin-tong-chuck-ue-tang-gagam(身痛逐瘀湯加減), 'Do-dam-tang-hap-sa-mul-tang-gagam'(導痰湯合四物湯加減), 'Ik-sin-yang-hyel-guen-bo-tang'(益腎養血健步湯加減), 'Nok-gakyo-hwan-gagam'(鹿角膠丸加減). 13. The cause of muscle dystropy is related with 'the impairement of vital qi'(元氣損傷), and 'impairement of five Zang organ'(五臟敗傷). Symptoms and signs are classified into asthenia of spleen and stomach, deficiency with excess, 'deficiency of liver and kidney'(肝腎不足) infiltration of damp-heat, 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 14. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang'(補中益氣湯), 'Gum-gang-hwan'(金剛丸), 'Yi-gong-san-hap-sam-myo-hwan'(異功散合三妙丸), 'Ja-hyel-yang-gun-tang'(滋血養筋湯), 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸) are used for muscle dystropy. 15. The causes of myasthenia gravis are classified into 'insufficiency of middle warmer energy'(中氣不足), 'deficiency of qi and yin of spleen and kidney'(脾腎兩處), 'asthenia of qi of spleen'(脾氣虛弱), 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 16. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang-gagam'(補中益氣湯加減), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-gi-guk-yang-hyel-tang'(四君子湯合杞菊地黃湯), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-u-gyi-eum-gagam'(四君子湯合右歸飮加減), 'Pal-jin-tang'(八珍湯), 'U-gyi-eum'(右歸飮) are used for myasthenia gravis.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

From the 24 kinds of literature on the Consumptive disease, it can be concluded as follows. 1. The consumptive disease is the Imparement of deficiency type due to overstrain. it is a general term for these all symptom such as and Deficiency of primordial Qi and Essence of life and blood. 2. The excessive fire due to Yin-Deficiency and the injury of spleen-stomach is accounted much of the cause of Consumptive disease. 3. The main cause of the Hepatic asthenia are the Anger, Consumption and over-thinking. 4. The symptoms of the Consumptive disease are mainly caused by the functional disorder of Liver taking charge of tendons. storing and regulating blood, Heart being in charge of blood circulation. taking charge of mental activities. Spleen taking charge of muscles, transforting and transforming nutrients. Lung taking charge of skins and hairs, taking charge of respirations, Kidney taking charge of bones, storing essence of life. 5. The main symptoms of Hepatic asthenia are flaccidity of muscles and temeons which causes limited movement caused by muscular atonia and the loss of bightness of eyes. 6. The main treatments of Consumptive disease are the invigorating the Spleen-stomach and the invigorating the Kidney and storing essence of life. 7. The treatments of Hepatic asthenia are the moderating the middle and the nourishing the muscles and tendons.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2002

According to the literatural study on the utility of TaeWonEum, the results were as follows 1. TaeWonEum is the prescription originally registered on Zang jie Bin's ${\ll}$Jing-Yue-Quan-Shu${\gg}$ and because of the dificiency of the renmai, the chongmai in women, it is made for the discomfort of the pregnancy 2. On the treatment of miccarriage, they were used to the methods of tonificating qi and blood, tonificating insufficiency, making flesh, eliminating wind, tonificating the spleen, clearing heat, eliminating stagnant blood, tonificating blood, growing zhang qi, etc but it is almostly used to the method of tonificating qi and blood 3. TaeWonEum is used on the purposes of tonificating the spleen and stomach, qi and blood, on the case of both the discomfort of the pregnancy by the dificiency of the renmai, the chongmai in women, and the insufficiency of fetal growth by the difficiency of the spleen and stomach, qi and blood 4. The symptoms can be used which are the fetal problem of incipient pregnancy, quickening, lumbago, distension, pallor, weakness of the mind, dizziness, cold, anorexia 5. The additional methods of TaeWonEum are as follows when much turbid enuresis is concerned, Disscoreae Rhizoma, Psoraleae Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus can be added when a patient is very difficient of qi, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is doubled and Astragali Radix can be added when a patient is often vomiting with asthenia-cold, Typhae Pollen can be added when a patient has fever and weak, Scutellariae Radix or Rehmanniae Radix can be added and E ucommiae Cortex can be subtracted when a patient has the colicky pain because of the difficiency of yin, Lycii Fructus can be added when a patient is at a great rage and qi is ascenting, Cyperi Rhizoma or Amomi Fructus can be added when a patient has hemorrage with trauma, Dipsaci Radix, Asini Gelatinum can be added when a patient's vomiting can not be reduced, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens can be added

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.857-866
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• 2002

The main current in the pathology of oriental medicine is composed of etiologic factor, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. The access of a disease is consist of etiologic factor, location of the lesion, nature of the disease and patient's condition. The nature of disease and the property of a drug are inseparably related to each other. The nature of disease is composed of six exogenous factors, cold and heat, deficiendy and excess, Yinyang and pain. Cold nature is divided into cold symptom due to excess and asthenia cold, fever nature is divided into sthenic fever and asthenic fever. According to the location, cold and heat can be subdivided into heat in the upper and cold in the lower, cold in the upper and heat in the lower, exterior cold and interior heat, exterior heat and interior cold. Yin syndrome characterized by hypofunction of the viscera is generated from insufficiency of yang-qi, excess of yin-coldness, deficiency of both qi and the blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

Gu-Chang is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers confined to the oral mucosa. Despite much clinical and research attention, the causes remain poorly understood. In this paper, we will compare Gu-Chang with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis(RAS) in order to know what is the similiarity between Gu-Chang and RAS. So we will arrange various oriental and western medical literatures which are important. As a result of arrangement of the causes, symptoms and therapys of Gu-Chang, we can conclude through the studies as follows. 1. The etiologies of Gu-chang are following. In the Sthenia syndrome, there are evil heat of external factor, heat of heart and spleen, insomnia, heat of upper warmer, stress and diet, heat of lung and heart, excessive heat of upper warmer, inappropriate food intake, heat conveyance of organ, heat of stomach merdian, moistured heat of spleen and stomach and stasis of liver energy. In the Asthenia syndrome, there are deficiency of stomach energy, deficiency of upper warmer leading to heat, deficiency of middle warmer leading to cold, deficiency of lower warmer leading to heat, deficiency of middle energy, deficiency of blood, decreased fire and deficiency of soil, yin fire of lower warmer, deficiency of heart yin, deficiency of spleen yin and deficiency of qi and blood. 2. In western medicine the causes of RAS is presumed as local, microbial, systemic, nutritional, genetic, immunologic factors. 3. Once Gu-chang is compared with RAS, in the deficiency of yin leading to hyperactivity of fire, deficiency of yin leading to floating of fire and stasis of liver energy, recurring of Gu-chang is similar to RAS. Although recurring of Gu-chang due to tripple warmer of excessive fire has no recurrance, since there are the degree of Pain, site of lesion, dysphagia etc, it is similar to major RAS. It is may be believed that Sthenia Gu-chang is similar to major RAS, shape of recurring, site of lesion, degrree of Pain and white color of Asthenia Gu-chang are similar to minor RAS, but there is no similarity concerning herpes RAS in the literatures that describe the symptoms. 4. Generally, the treatment of Gu-chang is divided into Asthenia and Sthenia Syndrome. The method of cure to Sthenia syndrome is heat cleaning and purge fire, Asthenia syndrome is nourish yin to lower and adverse rising energy and strength the middle warmer and benefit vital energy. 5. Following is the medication for Sthenia syndrome. Heat of heart and spleen is Do Jok San, Yang Gyek San, Juk Yup Suk Go Tang, evil heat of external factor is Yang Gyek San Ga Gam, Stasis of liver energy is Chong Wi Fae Dok Yum, moistured heat of spleen and stomach is Chong Gi Sam Syep Tang. The medication for Asthenia Syndrome is following. Deficiency of upper warmer leading to heat is Bo Jung Ik Gi Tang, deficiency of middle warmer leading to cold is Bu Ja Lee Jung Tang, deficiency of lower warmer leading to heat is Yuk Mi Ji Hwang Tang, deficiency of yin leading to hyperactivity of fire is Ji Baek Ji Hwang Hwan, deficiency of yin leading to floating of fire is Lee Jung Tang Ga Bu Ja Medicine for external use were Yang Suk San, Boo Wyen San, Rok Po San, Yoo Hwa San ate. 6. In western medicine, there is no specific treatment for RAS, and management strategies depend on dinical presentation and symptoms and includes antibiotics, oral rinses, glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory drugs, vitamines, analgesics, laser and antiviral agents.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.791-796
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• 2007

Objective : This study was conducted to find the relationship between syndrome-differentiation and Sasang-constitution in chronic fatigue patients. Methods : The subjects were 72 adults with chronic fatigue who visited Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University between March 2007 and April 2007. Their main complaint was fatigue for longer than 6 months and they did not have any physical or mental problems. We measured their fatigue degree by using Chalder fatigue scale and health habits. To evaluate relationship between syndrome-differentiation with sasang-constitution, The patients were divided into four syndrome-differentiations, such as liver and kidney asthenia of Yin, spleen and kidney deficiency of Yang, deficiency of lung and spleen qi, and deficiency of heart and spleen blood. We also diagnosed Sasang-constitution by using Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCCII). Results : Among the 72 patients, 41.4%, 34.5% and 24.1% of belonged in Soyangin, Soeumin and Taeumin respectively. Interestingly, we found a meaningful correlation between syndrome-differentiation and physiological function by Sasang-constitution. Conclusion : The result may help Oriental medicine understanding and treatment of chronic fatigue-related diseases and patients.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2000

Object : The purpose of this study is assistant to medical treatment for patient, who suffers from headache, by classifing etiologies of headache and investigating using meridian and acupuncture point.Method : By considering through the oriental literature, we investigated etiologies and frequency of using meridian and acupuncture point on headache.Result:1. The Oriental etiologies of headache is classified in 'wind(風)', 'hot and feverish(熱)', 'humidity(濕)', 'cold(寒)', 'defidiency of qi(氣處)', 'deficiency of blood(血虛)', 'extravasated blood(瘀血)', 'asthenia of kidney(賢處)', 'anger by depression(鬱怒)', 'Damhwa(痰火)'2. The frequently used meridians on headache are followings : the 1st is Choksoyang-Tam-Kyong(足少陽膽經), the 2nd Choktaeyang-Pabggwabg-Kyong(足太陽膀胱經), the 3rd Tok-maek(督脈), and the 4th Chokyangmyong Wi-Kyong(足陽明胃經).3. The frequently used acupuncture points on headache are followings : the 1st is paek'oe(百會), the 2nd Hapkok(合谷) and the 3rd P'ungji(風池).Conclusion:1. The books about treatment of headache by using acupuncture are The Yellow Emperor's Classic on internal Medicine(黃帝內經) and Gab-UI-Kyoung(甲乙經) and so on.2. In The Yellow Emperor's Classic on Internal Medicine(黃帝內經), they mainly used treatment by following the stream of meridian on headache.3. After Gab-U1-Kyoung(甲乙經), they suggested specialized acupunctre point.4. Three Yang meridians(三陽經) that has many acupuncture point located on head area, are related to medical treatment on headache.