• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.214.2-215
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species play an important role in aging. carcinogenesis, and certain neurological disorders of human beings in addition to the host-defensive mechanism of inflammatory response. Murine macrophages Raw264.7 released superoxide anions via NADPH oxidase complex and nitric oxide (NO) via iNOS synthase when the cells were stimulated with unopsonized zymosan binding to complement receptor. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.156.1-156.1
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• 2003

Cerarmide acts as a lipid second messenger in the cellular signal transduction and is involved in mediating a variety of cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ceramide on cellular cytotoxity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to understand the relationship between them. Ceramide treatment significantly increased cell death in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-g (IFN-g). (omitted)

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2005

Objective : Many traditional herbal remedies exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-inflammation. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA), known as Gui jun woo in Korea, has long been used in folk medicine to regulate Qi (bodily energy) and blood circulation, relieve pain, eliminate stagnant blood, and treat dysmenorrhea in oriental countries. The exact mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb (EA), however, has not been determined. Methods: Since there is increasing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, this study was undertaken to address whether the methanol (MeOH) extract and its fractions of the bark of EA could modulate the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages and murine macrophage cell line, RA W264.7 cells. Results: Stimulation of the peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells with $interferon-\gamma\;(IFN-\gamma)$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in increased production of NO in the medium. However, the butanol (BuOH) fraction of the MeOH extract of EA barks showed marked inhibition of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of NO synthesis was reflected in the decreased amount of iNOS protein, as determined by Western blotting. The BuOH fraction did not affect the viability of RA W264.7 cells, as assessed by methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; rather, it reduced endogenous NO-induced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of NO synthesis in RAW264.7 cells. On the other hand, the MeOH and BuOH fraction showed no inhibitory effect on the synthesis of NO by RAW264.7 cells, when iNOS was already expressed by the stimulation with $IFN-\gamma$ and LPS. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MeOH and BuOH fraction inhibits NO synthesis by inhibition of the induction of iNOS in murine macrophages.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2007

A fucoidan, isolated from Korean Undaria pinnatifida spoprophyll (UP-F), was investigated for its immunomodulating activity on murine macrophages and splenocytes, and its activity was compared with that of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus (FV-F). Treatment of UP-F resulted in inhibition of the growth of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, but its cytotoxicity was not observed in normal murine splenocytes. FV-F was shown to be highly cytotoxic to both immune cells, and its cytotoxic activity was higher than that of UP-F. Treatment of UP-F induced TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner from two types of macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. The TNF-α-inducing activity of UP-F was higher than that of FV-F. UP-F also actively induced chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1α) from RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, treatment of UP-F gave rise to activation of murine splenocytes to produce cytokine (IL-6) and chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1α), showing significantly higher activity than that of FV-F. These results indicate that UP-F is less cytotoxic to immune cells than FV-F, and possesses immunomodulating activity to produce cytokines and chemokines from macrophages and splenocytes.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Aim of the present study was to investigate whether methanol extract from the leaves of Staphylea bumalda could be used to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophage cell lines, Raw 264.7 cells. The extract reduced nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines production from LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects were associated with decreases in the phosphorylation of MAP kinases and the activity of $NF{\kappa}B$ signal pathways. Our results indicate that Staphylea bumalda significantly inhibits the inflammatory activity of activated macrophages, suggesting that Staphylea bumalda could be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disease.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1310-1314
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• 2011

염증은 바이러스 등의 병원체 및 다양한 물리.화학적 스트레스에 의하여 일어나는 생체방어 반응이나, 과도한 염증반응은 세포독성과 다양한 질환을 일으킨다. 따라서 염증반응에서 생성되는 과도한 염증매개물질들을 억제함으로 다양한 염증질환을 예방, 치료 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Tylophora asthmatica, Tylophora ovata 등에 함유되어 있는 생리활성 성분인 septicine의 항염증 효과를 연구하였다. 생쥐의 대식세포주인 RAW264.7 세포에 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)를 처리하여 염증반응을 유도하고, septicine를 처리한 결과, septicine은 LPS 처리에 의한 nitric oxide (NO) 및 염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 현저히 억제시키는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었으며, NO의 생합성효소인 iNOS 단백질의 발현 또한 억제시킴을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 염증반응을 조절하는 후보물질로써의 septicine의 가능성을 보여주는 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of $\beta$-glucan from barley on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations ($0-200\;{\mu}g/mL$) of $\beta$-glucan and stimulated with LPS to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The $\beta$-glucan treatments were found to reduce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) accumulation, and enhance glutathione levels and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the LPS-stimulated macrophages as compared to the LPS-only treated cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) with an $IC_{50}$ of $104\;{\mu}g/mL$. Further treatment with $\beta$-glucan at $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ suppressed NO production to 2% of the LPS-control, and suppressed the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The specific DNA binding activity of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B\;(NF{\kappa}B)$ was significantly suppressed by $\beta$-glucan treatment with an $IC_{50}$ of $220\;{\mu}g/mL$ in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, barley $\beta$-glucan ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of $NF{\kappa}B$ activity, which may be mediated by attenuated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2011

Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system involving defensive cytokines such as TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-${\alpha}$ and nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we try to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus Obliquus, IO) in murine macrophages. Raw 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages of mice were cultured with or without LPS/LPS + IFN-${\gamma}$ in the presence of IO aqueous extracts (IOE 0.2, 2, 20, 100 ${\mu}g$/mL) for 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively. Exposure of IOE caused the decrease of NO production and increase of TNF-${\alpha}$ production in dose-dependent manner in activated peritoneal macrophage in vitro. To further investigate anti-inflammatory effects of IO ex vivo, we orally administrated capsaicin (PC, 3 mg/kg/day) and IOE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days to C57BL/6 mice (7~9 weeks old, female), then observed the NO secretion and cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$) production of LPS/LPS + INF-${\gamma}$-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. IOE inhibits NO secretion in dose-dependent manner both ex vivo and in vitro and increases the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ in vitro. In addition, we found that IOE possessed suppressive effects of LPS-stimulated TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, as well as iNOS expressions in Raw 264.7 cells. These findings indicate that IOE suppress not only the LPS-induced NO overproduction of murine peritoneal macrophages, but also iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ overexpression of LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Consequently, our results suggest that IO may have the anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the inflammatory cytokines and mediators, and be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.155.1-155.1
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• 2003

Polyphenol QGR (quercetin 3-O-beta-(2"-galloyl)-rhamnopyranoside) was isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonaceae). In this study, we investigated inhibitory effects of QGR and its building blocks (quercitrin, quercetin and gallic acid) on superoxide anion and NO productions in unopsonized zymosan-stimulated murine macrophages Raw264.7. QGR and quercetin showed potent inhibitory effects on unopsonized zymosan-induced superoxide anion production with IC50 values of 3.2 uM and 4.8 uM, respectively. (omitted)

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2008

Objectives : Imyosan (IMS), a drug preparation comprised of Phellodendri Cortex (PC) and Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR), is commonly used as a traditional herbal medicine in Korea and China for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the effect of IMS and its component herbs on inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, in this study, methanol extracts of IMS and its component herbs were examined to determine if they inhibited inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of IJHT and its components on RAW 264.7 cells was using 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay. The nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reagent system. And proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were detected by western blot. Results : Methanol extract of IMS and its component herbs were significantly reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as NO, PGE2, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : The results of this study indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of Imyosan extract is more potent than that of extracts of its component herbs in macrophages.