• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2023

This study investigated the antioxidant activities of wine made with aronia (Aronia melanocarpa). The ethanol concentration of the aronia wine was increased up to 7.8±0.1% on the 8th day of fermentation. Compared to other types of wine, the total amount of organic acids was highest in raspberry wine, followed by grape wine, arona wine, and aronia juice. Because, acetic, oxalic, and succinic acids were not detected in the aronia juice, but were detected in the aronia wine, it was determined that they were produced during alcohol fermentation. The polyphenol content in the aronia juice and wine was higher than in the grape wine and raspberry wine and was twice as much in the aroni wine than in the aronia juice. The flavonoid content in aronia juice and wine was higher than in commercial grape wine and raspberry wine. The DPPH radical scavenging ability was higher than 50% in the aronia wine and juice samples. ABTS radical scavenging activity was higher in aronia juice and wine than in raspberry wine and grape wine. The results of this study suggest that the development of wine with high antioxidant activity is possible if wine is made with aronia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.426-428
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of black raspberry wine which was administered per os on estrogen levels in Splague-Dawley(SD) rats. Black raspberry wine containing 13% alcohol(v/v) was prepared from ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. The rats were divided into 2 groups(A and B): The group A received black raspberry wine and the group B received saline for 7 weeks. All animals were bi weekly monitored for estrogen levels by radioimmunoassay using $125^I$ labeled anti-estrogen monospecific antibody. There was a significant(2.02 fold) increase in estrogen levels in the group A with a peak at the 7th week post administration of black raspberry wine. There was no significant change in estrogen levels of the rats in the group B. These data point to uncharacterized phytoestrogenic bioactivity of black raspberry wine that appears to be a useful phytoestrogenic herbal remedy for human health.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2006

복분자주의 양조에 있어서 대표적인 활성 건조 효모 5종을 선정하여 실시한 복분자주의 아미노산 함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. RCM 발효주의 17가지 아미노산 총량은 Prise de Mousse 균주로 발효된 복분자주가 $16.77mg/{\ell}$로 제일 많았으며, Lalvin W15 균주로 발효된 복분자주가 $12.29mg/{\ell}$로 제일 적었다. Montrachet 균주로 발효된 RCB 발효주의 아미노산 총량은 $90.55mg/{\ell}$로 RCM 발효주의 $16.54mg/{\ell}$보다 약 5.5배 많았다. 시스틴과 이소루신은 RCM 발효주 중에서는 검출되지 않았고, RCB 발효주에서의 함량은 $2.97mg/{\ell}$와 $0.34mg/{\ell}$이었다. 알라닌, 아스파르트산, 세린의 함량은 RCM 발효주에서 보다 RCB 발효주에서 약 $14{\sim}20$배정도 많았으나, 프롤린 함량은 RCB 발효주가 RCM 발효주보다 비교적 적거나 조금 많았지만 그다지 차이가 크지 않았다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of black raspberry wine, administered per os on testosterone levels in rabbits. Black raspberry wine containing 13% alcohol(v/v) was prepared from ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. Experimental rats were divided into 2 groups(A and B) with 2 animals group: Group A received black raspberry wine. Group B received 13% concentrated alcohol('Soju') over a period of 6 weeks. all animals were monitored weekly for testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay using $^{125}I$ labeled anti-testosterone monospecific antibody. There was a significant(1.7-2.33 fold) increase in testosterone levels in Group A with a peak at 1 week post administration of black raspberry wine. There was no significant change in testosterone levels of rabbits in Group B. These data point to yet uncharacterized phytotestronegenic mechanisms of black raspberry wine that appear to be independent of ethyl alcohol. Further investigation of the mechanism of action of this fruit is warranted. These observations have potential implications for human reproductive health.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.514-517
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• 2005

Abilities of Korean black raspberry (KBR) wine to induce differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes and express HepG2 cardiovascular disease-related genes were determined and compared with those of red wine. Red wine attenuated the differentiation of adipocytes faster than KBR wine and control. KBR wine decreased cholesterol concentration in HepG2 cells at a similar level to that of red wine, resulting in similar degrees of suppression in apolipoprotein B100, and enhancement in LDL receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA levels.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

Two different mixing ratios of Rosa rugosa and Rubus crataegifolius (Korean raspberry), including Rosa rugosa and one part Rosa rugosa vs five parts Rubus crataegifolius were prepared, and their fermentation characteristics were investigated during 28 days of ethanol fermentation and subsequent aging. The final $^{\circ}Brix$ and pH of Rosa rugosa wine were 12.0 and 2.9, respectively, while those of Korean raspberry-Rosa rugosa wine were $7.0^{\circ}Brix$ and pH 3.4, respectively. The final ethanol contents were 5.0% (v/v) in Rosa rugosa wine and 9.8% in Korean raspberry-rugosa wine. The level of antocyanine content, color intensity, organic acid, and free amino acid concentrations in Rosa rugosa wine were lower than those of Korean raspberry-Rosa rugosa wine. Thus, our results demonstrate that supplementation of Rosa rugosa with Korean raspberry prior to alcohol fermentation may help improve the fermentation characteristics of Rosa rugosa wine in the final product.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2004

The study was conducted to investigate per oral (PO) effects of Raspberry wine on testosterone levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. Raspberry wine of 13% alcohol concentration, was prepared from ripen fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. PO administration of Raspberry wine for 15 week (group A) produced dramatic increases of serum testosterone levels. Increase in the testosterone level was observed, using gamma counter with 1251 testosterone, starting from 1 week post administration. Maximum increase in testosterone level was observed at 5 week post administration, 7.486±6.482ng/mL, which was 14.6 times higher than normal and at 15 weeks post administration it was recorded as 1.84±3.516ng/mL. However, PO administration of Saccharomyces cervisiae broth (Group B) and 13% brewed alcohol (group C) for 15 weeks resulted slight increase in testosterone levels, indicating Raspberry wine as an effective phyto-testosogenic beverage of the future.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.656-661
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• 2005

The study was conducted to investigate per oral (PO) effects of Black raspberry wine on testosterone levels in Sprague-Dawley rats oral administrated with Methoxychlor in order to establish the experimental clinical model for evaluating the influences on the sexual hormones of SD-Rat administrated with Methoxychlor(MET), it was dissolved in acetone and olive oil (1:19), which was administrated orally at doses of 200mg/kg body weight/ day for 7days. Black raspberry wine of 13% alcohol concentration, was prepared from ripen fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. PO administration of Black raspberry wine for 15 week produced dramatic increases of serum testosterone levels. Increase in the testosterone level was observed, using gamma counter with 125I testosterone, starting from 1 week post administration. Maximum increase in testosterone level was observed at 4 week post administration, 5.18${\pm}$0.76ng/mL, which was 10.1 times higher than before and at 15 weeks post administration it was recorded as 1.67${\pm}$0.19ng/mL indicating Black raspberry wine as an effective phyto-testosteronic beverage of the future.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2015

We investigate black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) wine made using traditional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae A8, B6, GBY2, GBY3) and S. cerevisiae Fermivin (FM), which is widely used in wine manufacturing, and analyze the biogenic amine content and the volatile flavor compounds. Black raspberries were separately inoculated with yeast up to $1{\times}10^9CFU/kg$, followed by incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. FM produced the highest alcohol content, however the final fermentation characteristics of the wine made using four different yeasts were similar. S. cerevisiae A8 had a large biogenic amine (BA) content, specifically tryptamine, thus we excluded this yeast from fermentation. S. cerevisiae GBY3 was selected for black raspberry wine fermentation as a result of sensory evaluation. The volatile flavor compounds of two wines (S. cerevisiae GBY3 and FM) were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 37 compounds in the samples were separated, and several ester compounds were identified in greater amounts in the wine made with S. cerevisiae GBY3 than in the wine made with FM. A greater amount of the major compound, ethyl benzoate, giving the sweet and fruity flavor, was identified in wine made with S. cerevisiae GBY3 than in the wine made with FM. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae GBY3 was confirmed to produce no major BAs and a better flavored wine. These results give new leads in the production of high quality wine.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2009

Black raspberry의 씨앗을 즙에 포함하여 발효주를 제조한 후 화학적 특성을 분석하여 씨앗을 활용한 새로운 과일주의 개발 가능성을 검토하였다. pH는 발효 초기에 감소하였다가 완료 시점일까지 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 산도는 발효 초기에 증가하여 완료시점까지 변화가 없었으며, pH와 산도 모두 제조법에 따른 차이는 없었다. 발효가 진행될수록 당함량은 감소하고 알코올 함량은 증가하였으며, 제조법에 따른 차이는 없었다. $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ 값은 12일까지 증가하는 경향을 보이다가 이후에는 감소하거나 변화가 없었으며, 씨앗을 포함하여 발효한 것이 낮은 경향을 보였으나 유의적이진 않았다. Monomeric anthocyanin과 polyphenol 함량은 발효가 진행될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, monomeric anthocyanin 함량은 제조법에 따른 차이가 없었고, polyphenol 함량은 유의적이진 않지만 씨앗을 포함하여 발효시킨 것이 높게 나타났다. 휘발성 성분 중에는 알코올 성분들이 대부분을 차지했으며, 제조법에 따른 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 관능평가 결과, 색, 향, 맛에 대한 기호도와 종합적인 기호도 모두 두 발효주 간의 차이는 없었다. 씨앗을 포함한 black raspberry 발효주가 과즙액만을 이용한 발효주에 비하여 polyphenol 함량이 다소 높은 경향과 함께 발효에 따른 화학적 특성이 처리구간에 유사하였다. 따라서 씨앗을 발효 재료로 혼입하여 사용할 때 화학적 특성과 관능적 특성에 크게 영향을 주지 않으면서 씨앗에 함유되어 있는 생리활성물질의 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.