• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

From 1990's, a study on the development of exothermic concrete, a concrete which electro-conductive material is mixed, has been proceeded. However, due to the difficulty of exothermic reproducibility of concrete specimen, the study has been unable to continuously carried out. Accordingly, this study was focused on developing an exothermic concrete for the purpose of snow-melting material. Cement paste and mortar specimens mixed with graphite, conductive metal powder and chemical admixture were made. The evaluation of exothermic performance and reproducibility was conducted under $-2^{\circ}C$ of low temperature. In addition, micro-chemical analysis was carried out to investigate a cause of exothermic reproducibility. As a test result, the specimen mixed with graphite and superplasticizer with air entrained showed the best exothermic performance and reproducibility. Through micro-chemical analysis, it is judged that polymer or methacrylic acid (MAA), the contents inside the superplasticizer with air entrained, gave exothermic reproducibility by generating the electrochemical reaction with graphite.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.383-392
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• 1996

An observation and evaluation of the reproducibility of the mandibular movements has been a integral part of a test for mandibular function and dysfunction. After Pantographic Reproducibility Index(PRI) was introduced in dentistry, many authors have used the index for investigation of mandibular movement function, especially in condylar compartment. Howerer, the difficult and time-consuming work of instrumentation for getting the PRI has been a major obstacle in using pantograph. This study was performed to try a new mandibular reproducibility index, so-called BioEGN reproducibility index(BERI), calculated from mandibular trajectory recorded with BioEGN. 26 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and 22 patients with temporomandibular disorders took part in this study and classed to control group and patients group, respectively. Pantronic and BioEGN were used to record and calculate the indices, PRI and BERI. PRI had only one value, but BERI had two values of outgoing and incoming movement in each scale. With two scales of small and large, as a result, BERI had four values in this study. PRI corresponded to BERI in small scale on outgoing total movements. The data were calculated and analyzed with SAS/stat program and the conclusion of this study were as follows : 1. In every scales, in each movement, BERI on outgoing movement in control group was lower than that in patients group, respectively, but BERI on incoming movement was only different in one side movement, that was, left excursion. 2. The difference between BERI on outgoing movement and BERI on incoming movement was only shown in small scale on total movements, not in each movement, in control group. However, there was generally a positive correlationship between BERI on outgoing movement and BERI on incoming movement in each movement in both groups. 3. Simple statistics of PRI was similar to that of BERI on total movements in small scale, but there was a negative correlation between PRI and BERI on total movements in large sclae only in patients group.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2017

The study of space through image evaluation has reached the stage of measuring the emotion with the development of IT technology and the advent of VR AR era. Many researches have been trying to evaluate the space and measure the emotion in objective form by providing various forms of spatial images such as photographs, sketches, and CG. In order for these studies to be used as objective data with logical relevance, it is necessary to describe in detail the method of collecting the data used in the experiment, the characteristics of the test procedure, and the method of analysis. This study is a basic study for constructing a database by systematically organizing the attributes, experimental methods and experimental procedures of subjects. From the viewpoint of securing the objectivity and reproducibility of the paper, we analyzed the spatial image evaluation process focusing on 1) evaluation subject, 2) experimental method, and 3) analysis standard. It is necessary to examine whether the object of evaluation and the form of image and the method of providing it meet the purpose of the study. In addition, the size and order of the image, the viewing time and the interval (break time) should be different according to the gender and group experiment and the individual test method.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.539-543
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• 2018

Telometer is a supplementary filming device that improves the image quality and minimizes the motion unsharpness by enhancing the reproducibility of diagnostic images because it applies constant pressure (force) to the affected area. The stress-radiogram which is widely used to provide the o-bjective quantitative stability of knee ligament is reported in literature as the most suitable method to evaluate the stability of ligament and it is advised to use the Telometer. In order to evaluate the image reproducibility of the Telometer, the collateral ligament which is the most vulnerable among the ligaments consisting of the knee joint, the stress-radiogram was executed in the order of the Telometer, the push pull gauge and the conventional stress radiogram. Then, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) for Windows 22.0 was used for comparison and evaluation. According to the results of comparison and evaluation, the standard errors and standard deviations became smaller in the order of the Telometer, the push pull gauge, the conventional stress radiogram while the image reproducibility was higher in the order of the Telometer, the push pull gauge, the conventional stress radiogram. Therefore, it is considered that the use of the TELOS for stress-radiogram would enhance the quality of patient diagnostic images and the work performance of radiologists.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the abutment angle using a blue light scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 0°, 6°, and 10° wax cast abutment dies were fabricated. Each of the silicone impression was produced using the replicable silicone. Each study die was constructed from the prepared replicable stone used for scans. 3-dimensional data was obtained after scanning the prepared study dies for the repeatability by using the blue light scanner. The prepared 3-dimensional data could have the best fit alignment using 3-dimensional software. For reproducibility, each abutment was used as the first reference study die, and then it was scanned five times per each. 3-dimensional software was used to perform the best fit alignment. The data obtained were analyzed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (α=.05), post hoc Mann-Whitney U test, and Bonferroni correction (α=.017). RESULTS. The repeatability of 0°, 6°, and 10° abutments was 3.9, 4.4 and 4.7 ㎛, respectively. Among them, the 0° abutment had the best value while the 10° abutment showed the worst value. There was a statistically significant difference (P<.05). The reproducibility of 0°, 6°, and 10° abutments was 6.1, 5.5, and 5.3 ㎛, respectively. While the 10° abutment showed the best value, the 0° abutment showed the worst value. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P>.05). CONCLUSION. In repeatability, the 0° abutment showed a positive result. In reproducibility, the 10° abutment achieved a positive result.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study compared of reproducibility of prepared tooth impression scanning utilized with white and blue light scanners. Methods: To evaluate reproducibility with white and blue light scanners, the impression of premolar were rotated by $10^{\circ}{\sim}20^{\circ}$ and scanned. These data were compared with the first 3-D data (STL file), and the error sizes were measured (n=5). Independent t test was used to evaluation the reproducibility of impression of premolar with white versus blue light scanners through discrepancies of mean, RMS (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Discrepancies of mean with regard to reproducibility were $11.2{\mu}m$, $5.8{\mu}m$, respectively, with white and blue light scanners (p<0.047). And discrepancies of RMS with regard to reproducibility were $33.4{\mu}m$, $18.8{\mu}m$, respectively, with white and blue light scanners (p<0.045). Conclusion: Our results indicate a good reproducibility of prepared tooth impression digitized with blue light scanner more than that with white light scanner.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of two dental scanners. Methods: The master die and the stone replicas(Kavo, Germany) were digitized in touch-probe scanner(Incise, Renishaw, UK), white light scanner(Identica, Medit, Korea) to create 3-dimensional surface-models. The number of points in the point clouds from each reading were calculated and used as the CAD reference model(CRM). Discrepancies between the points in the 3-dimensional surface models and the corresponding CRM were measured by a matching-software(Power-Inspect R2, Delcam Plc, UK). The t-student test for one samples were used for statistical analysis. Results: The reproducibility of both scanner was within $3{\mu}m$, based on mean value. The mean value between measurements made directly on the touch probe scanner digital models and those made on the white light scanner digital models was $2.20-2.90{\mu}m$, and was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: With respect to adequate data acquisition, the reproducibility of dental scanner differs. Three-dimensional analysis can be applied to differential quality analysis of the manufacturing process as well as to evaluation of different analysis methods.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2018

This study presented evaluation procedure for selecting appropriate GCMs and downscaling method by focusing on the climate extreme indices suitable for climate change adaptation. The procedure includes six stages of processes as follows: 1) exclusion of unsuitable GCM through raw GCM analysis before bias correction; 2) calculation of the climate extreme indices and selection of downscaling method by evaluating reproducibility for the past and distortion rate for the future period; 3) selection of downscaling method based on evaluation of reproducibility of spatial correlation among weather stations; and 4) MME calculation using weight factors and evaluation of uncertainty range depending on number of GCMs. The presented procedure was applied to 60 weather stations where there are observed data for the past 30 year period on Korea Peninsula. First, 22 GCMs were selected through the evaluation of the spatio-temporal reproducibility of 29 GCMs. Between Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) and Spatial Disaggregation Quantile Delta Mapping (SDQDM) methods, SQM was selected based on the reproducibility of 27 climate extreme indices for the past and reproducibility evaluation of spatial correlation in precipitation and temperature. Total precipitation (prcptot) and annual 1-day maximum precipitation (rx1day), which is respectively related to water supply and floods, were selected and MME-based future projections were estimated for near-future (2010-2039), the mid-future (2040-2069), and the far-future (2070-2099) based on the weight factors by GCM. The prcptot and rx1day increased as time goes farther from the near-future to the far-future and RCP 8.5 showed a higher rate of increase in both indices compared to RCP 4.5 scenario. It was also found that use of 20 GCM out of 22 explains 80% of the overall variation in all combinations of RCP scenarios and future periods. The result of this study is an example of an application in Korea Peninsula and APCC Integrated Modeling Solution (AIMS) can be utilized in various areas and fields if users want to apply the proposed procedure directly to a target area.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2000

This study was carried out to understand the present status of the quality evaluation capability of domestic fine paper industry. Six light weight coated papers and one wood containing printing and writing paper with similar basis weights were produced by seven paper companies and their properties were evaluated at four different testing laboratories of domestic fine paper mills. Paper properties including basis weight , thickness , tensile, tear , brightness , opacity, etc were examined , and the repeat ability and reproducibility of the test results were analyzed. Results showed that repeatability of the measurements within the laboratory was satisfactory . Reproducibility of the measurements between laboratories, however, was not satisfactory. This showed that strict implementation of the standard testing methods and periodic calibration of testing equipments should be made to improve quality evaluation capability of domestic fine paper industry.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following ${\beta}$-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ${\geq}0.9$. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examiners.