• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1544-1548
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to learn the effects of ST36 ST44 and ST25 ST36 electroacupuncture stimulation on high fat diet-induced obese mouse. The control group was provided with high fat diet without electroacupuncture stimulation, while the experimental group received a electroacupuncture stimulation on ST36 ST44 and ST25 ST36 with three frequencies (10Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz) for 5 times a week during five week periods with the high fat diet. We investigated the body weight, weight gain, and food intake. After the electroacupuncture stimulation, a significant inhibition of increase in weight was found in the experimental group compared with the high fat diet group. But there were no significant differences made by the change of acupoint combinations and frequencies. After the electroacupuncture stimulation, no significant change was found in the food intakes, but the weight gain a week was decreased compared with the high fat diet group. Electroacupuncture stimulation may be effective in treatments of obesity to high fat diet, But no significant difference was found between three frequencies.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.287-300
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was finding the pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at ST-36. The pain at dentes incisor was evoked by noxious electric stimulation and EMG changes based on time interval were measured. To do this, the opioid antagonist was administered intraperitoneally. Followings are some of the results. 1. The pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at ST-36 was 93.82%, 87.00%, 75.30%, 69.76% at 10 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All the data were calculated based on 100% at 0 minute. The effect was very significant at 40 minutes. 2. The continuous effect of acupuncture at ST-36 after taking out the needle was 77.46%, 79.66%, 87.60%, 91.50%, 95.14%, 99.48% at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. The overall continuous effect was shown its maximum 20 minutes after taking out the needle and reached to the initial value at 60 minutes. 3. The pain inhibitory effect following the naloxone administration and acupuncture application ST-36 was 93.44%, 94.58%, 90.80%, 88.04% at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All values showed similar tendency to the initial data. 4. The continuous effect of acupuncture at ST-36 after taking out the needle which was preceded by the naloxone administration was 91.26%, 91.90%, 92.06%, 93.66%, 94.12%, 93.50% at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. This trend was not a significant fluctuation. It Was concluded that effect of acupuncture at ST-36 was shown in conjunction with secretion of analgesic substance. Therefore it is implied that the acupuncture application will play a major role in treating many diseases with more revelation of scientific acupuncture mechanism. Further studies of acupuncture manipulation are needed in the future based on our study.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2014

연구배경 : 침의 효과와 신경생리학적 기전에 관한 연구가 기능자기공명을 이용하여 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 좌우측 동일한 혈위에 대한 자침이 뇌 기능에 미치는 효과에 대하여 논란이 되고 있다. 그러나 동일한 혈위에 대한 좌측 또는 우측 자침이 뇌기능에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족한 점이 있다. 목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 좌우측 족삼리 자침에 의한 BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) 반응을 살펴보고 비교하는 것이다. 방법 : 14명의 건강한 남자를 대상으로 좌우측 족삼리에 가짜 침과 진짜 침 자극을 하였다. 좌우측 족삼리 자침이 뇌 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 비교하기 위해 4가지 실험 디자인을 선택하였다. 첫째와 셋째 스캔은 우측 족삼리에, 둘째와 넷째 스캔은 좌측 족삼리에 가짜침과 진짜침 자극을 주었다. 또한, 자침은 자극기에 자침 및 자극을 주었으며, 자극기가 끝남과 동시에 발침하기를 반복하였다. 통계분석을 위해 SPM8을 이용하여 one sample T-test와 within-subject the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test 를 실시하였다. 통계 결과 좌측과 우측 족삼리 자침에 의해 BOLD 반응의 차이를 보이는 9개 영역의 ROI (regions of interest)에서 BOLD 신호를 추출하였다. 결과 : 좌측과 우측 족삼리의 자침에 의한 BOLD반응은 서로 다른 방식으로 나타났다. 좌우측 족삼리 자침에 의한 BOLD반응을 비교한 결과, 좌측 족삼리 자침은 우측 족삼리 자침에 비해 주로 해마옆 이랑 (브로드만 영역 28), 배외측 전전두 피질 (브로드만 영역 44), 시상, 소뇌정상과 기저핵의 전장에서 더 높은 활성반응이 나타났다. 좌우측 족삼리 자침에 의한 BOLD반응을 각각 조사한 결과, 우측 족삼리 자침은 주로 대뇌섬과 보조운동영역 그리고 전대상이랑 (브로드만 영역 24)에서 활성화가 나타났으며, 좌측 족삼리 자침은 주로 대뇌섬과 일차 체감각 피질 (브로드만 영역 2) 그리고 배외측 전전두 피질 (브로드만 영역 44)에서 활성화가 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구는 기능적 자기공명영상을 이용하여 좌측과 우측의 족삼리 자침이 인간의 뇌에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 비교한 최초의 연구이다. 본 연구 결과는 좌측과 우측 족삼리 자침은 통증조절효과에 서로 다른 방식으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 본 연구 결과는 좌측과 우측 자침이 뇌 신경에 미치는 영향의 차이에 대한 증거가 된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2018

Objectives : Most meridians have each well point located at the distal end of fingers or toes, congruous with their meridian courses. Exceptively, ST45(Yeotae), stomach meridian(ST)'s final point, is located at the lateral side of the tip of the second toe, while the tip of the second toe was not mentioned in the course of ST. So, we studied the course of lower limb region of ST. Methods : Courses of ST in Categorized Collection of Literatures on Chinese Meridians and Collaterals(CCM) was examined. The literatures included in CCM was selected as study subjects to be studied if the meridian route was different from "Youngchu" or more detailed notes were attached. There are 3 branches in lower limb region of ST, we analyzed theories of scholars of all time about the 3 branches of ST. Results and Conclusions : Branch 1 descends along the lateral margin of the fibula to the dorsum of foot, entering into the medial side of the middle toe. Branch 2 leaves ST36 separately, terminating at the lateral side of the middle toe. Branch 3 leaves ST42 and descends to the end of the great toe. The medial side of the middle toe equate to the lateral side of the second toe, and it is connected to ST45. So branch 1 is the main stream of ST. Branch 3 drives to the great toe passing between first and second toe, it goes medial side of LR2.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the etiological distribution, therapeutic outcome, and survival time in canine epilepsy. The medical records of 57 epileptic dogs were reviewed for the evaluation of etiological distribution. Among them, 27 dogs (47%) and 30 dogs (52%) had idiopathic epilepsy (IdE) and structural epilepsy (StE), respectively. Twenty-nine dogs (IdE: 16 dogs, StE: 13 dogs) were evaluated for therapeutic outcome and survival time. The incidence of generalized epileptic seizure (IdE, 56% vs. StE, 44%; P = 0.043) and the median seizure frequency at the time of first presentation (IdE, 2.0/month vs. StE, 13.3/month; P < 0.01) were significantly different between the two groups. Although pre-treatment seizure frequency and duration were not different, the median duration of seizure in the IdE group (0.5 min) was significantly shorter than that in the StE group (3 min) after treatment (P < 0.01). In addition, the median frequency of seizure was relatively lower in the IdE group (0.25/month) compared to the StE group (2.00/month) following antiepileptic therapy (P = 0.053). The median survival time of the IdE group (1.5 years [95% CI, 1.0-2.3 years]) was significantly longer than that of the StE group (0.4 year [95% CI, 0.2-1.3 years]) (P < 0.01). The information on etiological data and intracranial lesions may be useful for predicting treatment response and prognosis in epileptic dogs.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review which acupoints and meridians are selected to treat visceral pain in articles published in international journals and to investigate quality of reporting acupuncture intervention according to the STRICTA guidelines. Methods : Electrical and hand search were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library for acupuncture studies on visceral pain in human and animals. Reporting quality of intervention was evaluated using the revised STRICTA guidelines. Results : We included 51 articles (7 clinical studies and 44 animal studies) in this study. The most frequently adopted meridians and acupoints were Stomach meridian, Spleen meridian, Conception Vessel meridian, and ST36, CV4, SP6, LI4, PC6, SP9, ST25, ST37 in clinical studies. In animal studies, Stomach meridian, Conception Vessel meridian, Pericardium meridian and ST36, ST37, CV12, PC6 were most frequently used. Animal studies showed significantly lower quality of reporting compared to clinical studies. According to the analysis on the effect of year of publication of articles, announcement of STRICTA guidelines did not improve the quality of reporting for studies on visceral pain. Conclusions : These results suggest that both proximal and distal acupoints based on meridian theory were used to study the underlying mechanisms of visceral pain both in human and animal studies. Guidelines of acupuncture intervention reporting for animal study is necessary to improve the quality of evidence, and it will also allow us the integrative understanding of the mechanisms and clinical effects of acupuncture treatment in human and animal.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

본 연구는 트롤 어획물의 종조성을 조사한 것으로 2004년 6월 24일부터 26일까지 우리나라 남해의 5개 조사 지점에서 저층 트롤 어구를 사용하여 시험조업이 이루어졌으며, 예망 속력은 3.4${\sim}$3.7k't 였다. 어획물은 어류가 2강 10목 37과 46종이었으며, 연골어류가 2목 2과 2종, 경골어류가 8목 35과 44종이었따. 어획된 어류중에서는 농어목 어류가 18과 24종으로 가장 많았다. 두족류는 1강 2목 3과 3종이 어획되었고, 살오징어목 오징어과의 화살꼴뚜기가 가장 많이 어획되었다. 갑각류는 1강 1목 5과 7종이 어획되었고, 십각목 가시발새우과의 가시발새우가 가장 많이 어획되었다. 각 조사지점에 있어서 어획마리수 및 생체량은 ST-1에서 44마리 376.0kg, ST-2에서 908마리 240.3kg, ST-3에서 666마리 90.1kg, ST-4에서 2,050마리 300.kkg 그리고 ST-5에서 561마리 24.7kg이었다. 조사지점의 종다양성지수는 1.49${\sim}$2.32, 종풍부도지수는 2.13${\sim}$3.48, 종균등도지수는 0.48${\sim}$0.77, 우점도지수는 0.43${\sim}$08의 범위였다. 주요 어종(3지점이상에서 어획되고, 개체수가 100마리 이상인 것)의 체장 범위는 전갱이 9${\sim}$32cm(가랑이체장), 살오징어 7${\sim}$24cm(외투장), 화살꼴뚜기 9${\sim}$43cm(외투장), 말쥐치 23${\sim}$36cm(전장), 황돔 10${\sim}$28cm(가랑이체장), 달고기 10${\sim}$36cm(전장), 참돔 8${\sim}$35cm(가랑이체장)로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Objectives : The object of this study is measuring energy (skin capacitance) distribution on the specific acupionts and analyzing change patterns of meridian energy according to time or synchronous time. Methods : To check energy distribution using the meridian energy measurement system(DMM-1000), ten specific acupoints(ST34, ST36, ST40, ST41, ST42, ST43, ST44, ST45, BL21, CV12) were chosen. We checked the energy distribution and analyzed the change patterns before and after meal. We checked the state of the energy of ST meridian which is considered to have relation to stomach organ activity. Based on the hypothesis regarding energy difference due to Qi flowing, we compared energy potential on 10 specific acupoints. Results and Conclusions : Electric energy of each specific acupoint was different according to subjects and time. Through this study, we proposed an indispensable condition of energy difference due to Qi flowing through meridian.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.213-226
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to show the effect of electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture on abdominal obesity without patient dieting, exercise or use of herbal medication. Methods : Women over 85 cm in waist circumference were treated with electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture. Acupuncture points were located at the abdomen ($CV_{12}$, $CV_6$, $ST_{25}$, $ST_{21}$, $SP_{15}$, $SP_{14}$), extremities ($LI_4$, $LI_{11}$, $ST_{36}$, $ST_{44}$) and were stimulated 30 minutes with 2.1~3 Gaus, 500 Hz, tolerable strength. The Interference wave forms were by Whata 153 (Medi Lab, Korea). Two or three treatment sessions per week (five or ten sessions in total) were done. Before treatment, and after the last treatment, we measured waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, visceral fat area, free fat mass, body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass. We also measured the subcutaneous temperature of the abdomen($CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$, $CV_6$) by using digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI). Results : In this study, significant reductions were shown in waist circumference, hip circumference, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio and body fat mass. There were no significant differences in waist hip ratio, free fat mass or skeletal muscle mass. There were also significant increases of the subcutaneous temperature on $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}(Rt)$, $ST_{25}(Lt)$. Conclusions : From the above results, electroacupuncture combined with magnetic acupuncture might be an effective treatment for abdominal obesity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of this research was to investigate the effect on five element constitutional acupuncture(Sa-am acupuncture) at 4 acupoints by needle manipulation to sedate Six Fu-Organ on hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet in rats. Method : We recorded data of weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, weight of liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT in serum of rats fed high fat diet for 5 weeks. Spraque Dawley rats were divided into eight groups(normal; normal diet and non-acupuncture group, control; non-acupuncture group, Acu-LI; acupuncture at $SI_5{\cdot}LI_5{\cdot}BL_{66}{\cdot}LI_2$ group, Acu-ST; acupuncture at $GB_{41}{\cdot}ST_{43}{\cdot}LI_1{\cdot}ST_{45}$, Acu-SI; acupuncture at $BL_{66}{\cdot}SI_2{\cdot}ST_{36}{\cdot}SI_8$, Acu-BL; acupuncture therapy at $ST_{36}{\cdot}BL_{40}{\cdot}GB_{41}{\cdot}BL_{65}$, Acu-TE; acupuncture at $BL_{66}{\cdot}TE_2{\cdot}ST_{36}{\cdot}TE_{10}$, Acu-GB; acupuncture at $LI_1{\cdot}GB_{44}{\cdot}SI_5{\cdot}GB_{38}$. After needles inserted, it was rotated clockwise and anticlockwise 12 times on rats fed high fat diet. Results : The body weight was decreased in Acu-SI, Acu-TE, Acu-GB group, /the food intake was decreased in Acu-TE, / the food efficiency was decreased in Acu-SI, /serum triglyceride was decreased in Acu-LI, Acu-ST, Acu-BL, Acu-GB, /serum total cholesterol was decreased in Acu-LI, Acu-BL, serum ALP was decreased in Acu-LI, Acu-ST, Acu-BL, Acu-TE, Acu-GB. While the relative weight of heart was increased in Acu-LI, Acu-SI, the relative weight of kidney was increased in Acu-SI, Acu-GB. Conclusion : These results suggest that five element constitutional acupuncture(Sa-am acupuncture) may be having an therapeutic influence on hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet. Further researches of acupuncture manipulation are needed in the future based on our study.