• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2002

There are over 4,000 different chemicals in cigarette smoke, including nicotine and tar. These compounds influence on lung tissue directly or indirectly. In this study, we have examined whether an aqueous extract of Se-Yeon-Eum (SYE), composed of Oriental medicine that has been known to be effective to symptom by smoking, inhibits nicotine- or cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic lung fibroblast, MRC-9. Assessment of cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay indicated that SYE inhibited not only nicotine-induced cytotoxicity but also CSE-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest the possibility that the use of SYE may be useful for improvement of many symptoms by smoking.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2001

Investigating the past and present literatures of west and east about pediatric constitutions and Dong-Eu-Su Se-Bo-Won $\ll$東醫壽世保元$\gg$, we obtained such conclusions : 1. In ancient literatures about pediatric constitution, physiologic and histologic characteristics are considered as pediatirc constitution. 'Pure Yang(純陽)' 'Yang is overabundant, Yin is insufficient(陽有餘陰不足)' are used for definitions of pediatric characteristics. 2. In recent literatures about pediatric constitution, adding to definitions of ancient constitution, more scientific, objective and rational criterion are intrduced. 3. In Sa-Sang(四象), limits of pediatrics is defined to children below sixteen years. 'Yu(幼)' in Dong-Eu-Su-Se-Bo-Won $\ll$東醫壽世保元$\gg$. 4. In Dong-Eu-Su-Se-Bo-Won $\ll$東醫壽世保元$\gg$, the writings about 'So-Yang-In(少陽人)' is most, those about 'So-Eum-In(少陰人)', 'Tae-Eum-In(太陰人)' and 'Tae-Yang-In(太陽人)' are in sequence. 5. In conclusion, Je-Ma Yi(李濟馬), inventor of Sa-Sang(四象), consider that pediatric constitutions are not different from those of adult.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1162-1185
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• 2022

Purpose: We examined the effects of Dansam (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, SM) and Dansam-eum (DSE) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and reflux esophagitis by comparing the inhibitory effects of SM and DSE with the representative treatment of PPI Omeprazole to determine if the effects of the prescription DSE based on Korean medicine are better than those of a single-use of SM. Methods: We performed experiments using both animal models and cancer cells. Results: Comparison of SM and DSE with PPI in the animal model tests revealed that the effects were superior for SM and DSE than for PPI in all categories (8-OHdG, p-IκB, PAR2, COX-1, cathelicidin, p-JNK, Caspase 3, ATP6V1B1, GRPR, serotonin, and NPY). In three categories (COX-1, serotonin, and NPY), SM and DSE showed superior results over the Controls. In the animal model tests, DSE was superior to SM in all categories except for serotonin. The anti-cancer effects observed in cancer cell tests revealed that SM and DSE had meaningful results in terms of cytotoxicity and cell movement rate, as well as in cancer cell apoptosis. Conclusions: We confirmed that SM and DSE can have effects on reflux esophagitis through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, mucosal protection, apoptosis, proton pumping, and the enteroendocrine system in the stomach and esophagus. We also confirmed that SM and DSE have superior effects to those of PPI on all aspects, especially gastric mucosa protection and enteroendocrine system control. We also confirmed that SM and DSE have anti-cancer effects. Above all, we confirmed that DSE has superior effects on almost all aspects compared to using SM alone.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Although Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are generally treated by western medicine, many of them strongly believe in the traditional oriental Sasang constitutional classification and depend on it for food, health supplements, and oriental medicines decision making. Sasang constitutional classification is a part of traditional Korean medicine that divides people into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics such as appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to diseases, and drug responses. It is recommended for T2DM patients to control their blood glucose very well from early stages with drugs and diet. However, many T2DM patients respond differently to their drugs, even though they receive the same medicine. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Sasang constitutional type can explain the therapeutic differences between oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) therapy (mono, dual and triple drug therapy). Patients of 618 with T2DM diagnosis and Sasang constitutional type known who received both western and oriental medicine treatment in a hospital between April 2006 and April 2013 retrospectively studied. HbA1c (%) and blood glucose (mg/dl) levels before OHAs therapy and 3 month after were collected for metformin (MET) or sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy, MET+SU dual therapy, MET+except SU (where was either alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, meglitinide or thiazolidinedione) dual therapy, and triple therapy, according to Sasang constitutional type. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used and paired t-test by SPSS 19.0 where P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pattern was similar levels of HbA1c and blood glucose and which was decreased in order of mono, MET+SU dual, MET+except SU dual and triple therapy. In all patients comparison, for the So-yang (SY) constitutional type, either monotherapy was less effective; for Te-eum (TE) type, MET+SU dual therapy was less effective while MET+except SU dual therapy was more effective and the triple therapy was less effective; and for So-eum (SE) type, the triple therapy was more effective. For the management of TE type it is recommended to use drugs except SU when dual therapy is needed, restrict triple therapy and consider dual and insulin therapy; for SY type it is recommended to follow current guidelines; and for SE type it is advisable to skip dual therapy and start the triple therapy early. Finally, the therapeutic response to OHAs is different among Korean T2DM patients with different Sasang constitutional types. Taken together, the choice of effective OHAs therapy for each type is necessary in order to minimize the poor control of blood glucose level, the risk of complications, and the costs from a failure of therapy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2017

Objectives: This study provides evidence for clinical practices by analyzing present clinical Korean medicine articles about benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods: Articles published up to July, 2017 were found by searching "BPPV", "Benign positions", and "Vertigo" as keywords in three domestic electric databases (i.e., OASIS, NDSL, RISS). Results: The initial search resulted in 228 articles; however, only 20 articles satisfied the selection criteria and were analyzed. Of these, 40% were published in the Journal of Korean Oriental Internal Medicine, and 35% were published in 2003. When diagnosing BPPV patients, VAS scores are primarily used for clinical assessments rather than objective diagnostic tools. Banhabaekchulcheonmatang was the most frequent herbal medicine used to treat BPPV, and the most commonly used therapeutic acupuncture point was Jok-samni (ST36). The most common diagnosis of BPPV was dam-eum according to nine studies. Conclusions: Systematic and large-scale research for the standardization of BPPV treatment is needed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, both disease susceptibility and drug response are considered to be related to the characteristics of an individual's physiology and psychology: a theory which is central to traditional Korean medicine. Based on such observable characteristics, Sasang constitutional medicine classifies people into four constitutional types. Genetic studies of Sasang constitution would help reveal the inheritance patterns and models of the typological traits and, moreover, help with traditional medical diagnosis and treatment. To investigate the heritable aspect of Sasang constitution, we collected various pedigrees from South Korea. The study population has 101 pedigrees composed of 593 individuals. The determination of the Sasang constitution type of each individual was performed by doctors who diagnose the Sasang constitutional type of individuals as part of their professional practice. We calculated estimates of familial correlation and heritability. Parent-Offspring pairs showed the strongest familial correlation of Sasang constitutional type, with the correlation values of 0.21 and 0.28, followed by sibling pairs with the value ranging between 0.14 and 0.25. From the heritability analysis conducted with the Variance-Component method, the heritability of TE (Tae-Eum) type, SY (So-Yang) type, and SE (So-Eum) type were 55%, 41%, and 47%, respectively. This pattern of heritability was consistent with different set of analyses, which suggest the robustness of our result. Our result clearly shows that the Sasang constitution type is heritable, and further genetic analysis based on our result will shed light on the biological mechanism of Sasang constitution.