• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 1992

Effects of Haenginbanhatang Extract on the Contraction of Isolated Guinea Pig Trachea Smooth Muscle. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Haenginbanhatang extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The contratile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the guinea pig to histamine was significantly inhibited by Haenginbanhatang. 2. Effects of Haenginbanhatang extract on the contractile response of the isolated guinea pig smooth muscle pretreated propranolol was not significant. 3. The contractile response of isolated guinea pig smooth muscle pretreated methylene blue was significantly inhibited by Haenginbanhatang, 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the guinea pig to prostaglandin F2a was significantly inhibited by Haenginbanhatang. 5. Effect of prostaglandin F2a on the contractile response of guinea pig smooth muscle pretreated Haenginbanhatang was not significant. According to the above results, it was suggested that the contractile response mechanism of the guinea pig smooth muscle to Haenginbanhatang was related to cyclic GMP.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gooboeum extract on the inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine in the control and sensitized rat. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The acetylcholine contractile force of the trachea smooth muscle with epithelium was significantly relaxed by Gooboeum. 2. Dose-response of acetylcholine from the trachea smooth muscle pretreated Gooboeum was not changed. 3. Effect of Gooboeum on the inhibitory contractile action of trachea smooth muscle pretreated propranolol was not significantly inhibited. 4. The inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine of trachea smooth muscle pretreated indomethacin was not significantly changed by Gooboeum. 5. Effects of Gooboeum extract on the inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine of trachea smooth muscle pretreated methylene blue was not significant. 6. The contractile force of acetylcholine of the trachea smooth muscle without epithelium was significantly inhibited by Gooboeum. 7. Dose-response of acetylcholine of the trachea smooth muscle pretreated Gooboeum was not significant. 8. Effects of Gooboeum extract on the inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine of the trachea smooth muscle pretreated propranolol was significantly inhibited. 9. Effects of Gooboeum extract on the inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine of the trachea smooth muscle pretreated indomethacin decreased. 10. Effects of Gooboeum extract on the inhibitory contractile action of acetylcholine of the trachea smooth muscle pretreated methylene blue was not significant.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.441-444
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• 2007

Despite the importance of cell fate decisions regulated by epigenetic programming, no experimental model has been available to study transdifferentiation from myoblasts to smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we show that myoblast cells can be induced to transdifferentiate into smooth muscle cells by modulating their epigenetic programming. The DNA methylation inhibitor, zubularine, induced the morphological transformation of C2C12 myoblasts into smooth muscle cells accompanied by de novo synthesis of smooth muscle markers such as smooth muscle ${\alpha}$-actin and transgelin. Furthermore, an increase of p21 and decrease of cyclinD1 mRNA were observed following zebularine treatment, pointing to inhibition of cell cycle progression. This system may provide a useful model for studying the early stages of smooth muscle cell differentiation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1994

Substance P[SP] has been known to be a peptide which may be plays a role as a neurotransmitter in central nervous system as well as peripheral autonomic nervous system. It has been reported that SP was widely distributed in the nerve of the tracheal smooth muscle and induced the muscle contraction. However, definite action mechanism of SP in the tracheal smooth muscle was not clear, yet. Thus, present experiment was performed to elucidate an effect of substance P and an action mechanism on contraction of the smooth muscle in rabbits. In order to find a neural mechanism to the effect of SP on the tracheal smooth muscle contraction, atropine sulfate, tetrodotoxin, propranol and phentolamine were administered at 10 min before the addition of SP. Otherwise,to find effect of SP antagonists on the action of SP, [D-Pro2, D-Try7,9]SP, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]SP and [D-Pro4, D-Trp7,9]SP were administered as a same fashion. These following results were obtained. 1] SP induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle under resting condition and the contraction was increased dose-dependently. 2] Cholinergic blocker[atropine], neural blocker[tetrodotoxin] and adrenergic blocker[propranol and phentolamine] didn`t have an effect on the contractile response. 3] Three SP antagonists inhibited the contractile response. 4] Isoproterenol relaxed the contraction induced by SP. The above results suggested that SP induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle directly act to the smooth muscle in rabbits. The autonomic nervous system did not seem to participate in the SP action.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Atherosclerosis is a pathologic process occurring within the artery, in which many cell types, including T cell, macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, interact, and cause chronic inflammation, in response to various inner- or outer-cellular stimuli. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a complex interaction of inflammation, lipid deposition, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix remodeling, which will result in the formation of an intimal plaque. Although the regulation and function of vascular smooth muscle cells are important in the progression of atherosclerosis, the roles of smooth muscle cells in regulating vascular inflammation are rarely focused upon, compared to those of endothelial cells or inflammatory cells. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss here how smooth muscle cells contribute or regulate the inflammatory reaction in the progression of atherosclerosis, especially in the context of the activation of various membrane receptors, and how they may regulate vascular inflammation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권3호통권83호
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• pp.420-426
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 유전자 발현에 중요한 조절 역할을 하는 DNA 메틸화를 식이성 폴리페놀의 하나인 녹차의 대표적인 추출물 EGCG로 억제하였을 때 C2C12 myoblast 세포에 일어나는 현상을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 smooth muscle의 지표인 transgelin, smooth muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA와 단백질이 현저히 증가함을 보였고, 형태학적으로도 smooth muscle의 전형적인 모습을 보였다. 식이에 포함된 DNA 메틸화 억제제인 EGCG가 C2C12 myoblast를 smooth muscle로 분화를 유도하였으며, 암 예방 차원에서의 EGCG의 역할 외에 혈관질환과 같은 smooth muscle에 관련된 예방과 치료차원에서 EGCG의 역할이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 C2C12 myoblast를 smooth muscle로 유도하는 결정적인 신호전달 역할을 하는 유전자에 대한 연구는 수행하지 못하였다. 따라서 EGCG에 의해 변화되는 유전자에 대한 기전연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.165-177
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• 1990

In order to study the effects of HWA GAE SAN known clinically for their effects of treatment for cough and asthma, the study was carried out to investigate the effect of HWA GAE SAN extract on the contractile force of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Preparation of isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the oxygeneted Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$ and recorded the developed tension by the drug with the isometric transducer (Nacro F-60). The restin tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle in normal state showed a significant atony to the increase of density of HWA GAE SAN. 3. The atonic effect of the trachea smooth muscle was restricted after prescription of Pyrilamine& Cyproheptadine. Hireceptor broker, which were prearranged. 4. After 5, 15, 50& $150{\mu}l/ml$ of HWA GAE SAN were prescribed, the atony of trachea smooth muscle was caused by Histamine. 5. After 50& $150{\mu}l/ml$ of HWA GAE SAN were prescribed, the atony of trachea smooth muscle was remarkably dwindled which was caused by Acetylcholine. 6. After $150{\mu}l/ml$ of HWA GAE SAN were prescribed, the atony of trachea smooth muscle was remarkably dwindled which was caused by 5-Hydroxytryptamine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Yeemosan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine was significantly inhibited by Yeemosan. 2. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of isolated guinea pig pretreated propranolol was significantly inhibited by Yeemosan. 3. Effects of Yeemosan extract on the contractile response of the isolated guineapig trachea smooth muscle pretreated methylene blue was not significant. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of isolated guinea pig to prostaglandin $F2{\alpha)$ was significantly inhibited by Yeemosan. 5. Effects of prostaglandin $F2{\alpha)$ on the contractile response of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle pretreated Yeemosan was not significant. According to the above results. it was suggested that the contractile response mechanism of the guinea pig trachea smooth muscle to Yeemosan was related to sympathetic nervous system receptor and other mechanism should have further study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1992

In order to study the effects of Yunpaejaesueum known clinically for their effects of treatment for cough and asthma, the study was carried out to investigate the effect of Yunpaejaesueum extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated Kreb's Henseleite bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric transducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig was remakably relaxed by the administration of Yunpaejaesueum. 3. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of histimine 10-4 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 4. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of acetylcholine 10-4 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 5. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of 5-hydroxytryptamine 10-4 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 6. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of prostaglandin F2a 10-7 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Shihogigiltang extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric transducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle of the isoiated guinea pig was significantly relaxed by the administration of Shihogigiltang extract. 3. ShihogigiItang significantly inhibited the contractile response of histamine 10-4 M is isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine 10-4 M was significantly inhibited by Shihogigiltang extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by 5-hydorxytryptamine 10-4 M was significantly inhibited by Shihngigiltang extract. 6. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by prostaglandin $F2\;{\alpha}$ 10-7 M was significantly inhibited by Shihngigiltang extract.