• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.600-605
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• 1996

Optimum inoculum concentration for the production of taxol was determined in Taxus brevifolia and Taxus cuspidata cell suspension cultures. By fresh weight, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 g/flask of cells were inoculated and cell growth as well as taxol production were examined. In both Taxus cell cultures, the higher the inoculum concentration, the shorter the length of the lag period. The optimum inoculum concentration for taxol production was found to be 5 g/flask. To produce taxol in large quantity, utilization of proper medium was thought to be important. In case of using a production medium with 6% sucrose, taxol production was noticed. Its level reached the maximum at the 9th day of culture and decreased afterwards. However, taxol was not detected from cell cultures in growth medium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate variations in taxol contents of bark, shoots, needles of three native Taxus species in Korea. Sample materials were collected in early October of 1992 from five individual, trees each of the five populations of Taxus cuspidata located at Mt. Halla, Mt. Jiri, Mt. Deokyu, Mt. Sobaek, and Mt. Taebaek and two individual trees of Taxus cuspitosa in Mt. Seolak and in March of 1993 from the five individual trees of Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia in Ulleung Island. The collected materials were analyzed by HPLC to determine the amount of taxol content. Regardless of species and population, the taxol content was highest in bark and followed by shoots and needles. In Taxars cuspidata the taxol content in the bark was highest for the population of Mt. Halla (0.017%) and decreased in the order of Mt. Jiri, Mt. Sobaek, Mt. Deokyu, and Mt. Taebaek. The taxol content in the shoots was highest for the population of Mt. Halla(0.0053%) and decreased in the order of Mt. Sobaek, Mt. Jiri, Mt. Deokyu, and Mt. Taebaek. The taxol content in the needles was higher for the population of Mt. Halla(0.0013%) than any other populations and decreased in the order of Mt. Taebaek, Mt. Sobaek, Mt. Deokyu and Mt. Jiri. The taxol contents of Taxus caespitosa(0.0035%) were lower than that of Taxus cuspidate in all of the three plant parts. The taxol content of Taxus cuspidate var. latifolia(0.0064%) was higher than that of Taxus cuspidate for shoots and needles, but lower than that of Taxus cuspidate. There was a tendency of increasing taxol contents of bark and shoots of Taxus cuspidate, as latitude decreased. This study indicated that taxol content was relatively high in the populations of Taxus cuspidate. Particularly taxol content in the bark of the Taxus cuspidate in Mt. Halla population was about the same as that of pacific yew, indicating a high potential for commercial use.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1993

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Taxus cuspidata forest and at Birobong area in Sobeaksan. 24 plots(400$m^2$) set up with random sampling method. Four groups were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Symplocos chinensis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Pinus densiflora, Taxus cuspidata and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera, Acer mono and Styrax obassia, and high negative correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Taxus cuspidata, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Taxus cuspidata, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 1.3702-2.9119. To conserve Taxus cuspidata forest at Birobong area in Sobeaksan, research and rescription on the declining of Taxus cuspidata. forest was needed and Quercus mongolica, Styrax obassia, Tripterygium regelii and Weigela subsessilis in the Taxus cuspidata forest should be cleared out.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1987

This study was executed to examine helical structure and other feature, of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger through photomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation, and the obtained result, were summarized as follows: 1. Tracheid transition from springwood to summerwood was abrupt, mel slightly gradual in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and summerwood width of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger was wider than that of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. 2. Normal vertical and horizontal resin canals and surrounding thick epithelial cells were present in Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but not present in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. 3. Instead of helical thickening, helical chicks were observed only in summerwood trachieds of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger. However, helical thickenings forming S, Z., and horizontal helix perpendicular to long axis of tracheid were observed in springood and summerwood tracheids of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and these helical thickenings were considered as analogous to the innermost layer of secondary wall. 4. Uniseriate and fusiform rays were appeared on tangential surface of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but oly uniserate ray was observed on tangential surface ot Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. The fusiform rays of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger usually contained one horizontal resin canal bot occasionally two horizontal resin canals were contained in a fusiform ray. 5. Trabeculae and crassulae were observed in the tracheids of Larix gmelimii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but not observed in the tracheids of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2000

The ethanolic extract of the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. afforded six taxoids, belonging to the skeletally three different groups, $2{\alpha},\;5{\alpha},\;10{\beta}-triacetoxy-14{\beta}-(2-methyl)-butryloxy-4(20)$,11-taxadiene (1), taxusin (2), baccatin VI (3), baccatin III (4), $1{\beta}-hydroxybaccatin$ I (5) and taxol (6). The isolation and structure elucidation of three taxoids (3-5) have been presented in this study. This is the first report for the presence of these taxoids in Taxus baccata L. growing in Turkey.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Taxus cuspidata forest at Janggunbong area in Taebaeksan, 18 plots(20m$\times $20m) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Major woody species growing with Taxus cuspidata were Acer pseudo- sieboldianum, Euonymus macroptera, Prunus padus, Abies nephrolepis. High positive correlations was proved between abies nephrolepis and Pinus doraiensis, Betula ermanii and Magnolia sieboldii, and high negative correlations was proved between Acer pseudo- sieboldianum and Tripterygium regelii, Weigela subsessilis and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Taxus cuspidata and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 2.3015(0.9991) and this value was relatively lower than that of other subalpine forest. Taxus cuspidata trees were severely stressed and vigor-lossed and 8.22% of surveyed Tacus cuspidata trees were dead tree. Dead trees were distributed mainly in 20~60cm DBH class and a few seedlings of Taxus cuspidata were observed. To conserve Taxus cuspidata forest at Janggunbong area in Taebaeksan, intensive research, prescription on the decline of Taxus cuspidata and proper forest management were needed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 1990

Yew cortex, twigs and leaves(Florida yew, Taxus floridana Nutt et Champ; Pacific, yew Taxus brevifolia Nutt(Taxaceae)) were extracted with MeOH and $CHCI_3$, respectively, and then the chloroform extract was fractionated by silica column chromatography. As biologically active substances, taxol derivatives were identified and several biological activity tests were followed. The results showed that it bad no antimosquito activity and inhibited the growth of root meristem of cress seeds. The chloroform ext. of Florida yew showed 91%, inhibition rate at 400 ppm and the taxol fractions of Pacific yew did 91% at 200 ppm, 94% at 100 ppm. In the antitumor activity tests in vitro against a cultured cell line of L1210 mouse leukemia, Pacific yew showed 99% inhibition rate at 1.0 ppm and Florida yew did 97% at 10 ppm.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.398-401
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• 2000

Taxiods inclusive paclitaxel were produced isolated and purified from plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis in large-scale process. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. These compounds were exactly identical as those in previous studies from the other biomasses of Taxus chinensis and also other species. Also the concentrations of these compounds were compared with the concentration of the paclitaxel in various batches of plant cell cultures. As paclitaxel concentration increased at the end of cell cultures. the concentrations of the other paclitaxel derivatives decreased. The profile of these taxoids production can provide information for better understanding of structure-activity relationships and biosynthesis Importantly it can be utilized as an useful parameter for the quality control of paclitaxel production.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to review the taxonomic position of Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia endemic to Ulleung Island with related taxa T. cuspidata var. cuspidata, T. caespitosa, and T. cuspidata var. nana based on external morphological characters and DNA barcoding study. T. cuspidata var. latifolia was similar to T. cuspidata var. cuspidata in the arbor, straight trunk, and symmetric arrangement of leaf. But the unique differences between T. cuspidata var. latifolia and T. cuspidata var. cuspidata were leaf size and the exposure of seed from aril. Additionally, sequences of four chloroplast DNA regions including matK, rbcL, trnL intron and trnL-trnF spacer regions were analyzed. Korean Taxus species and their related taxon T. cuspidata var. nana were strongly supported as a monophyletic group in neighbor-joining analysis. Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia showed 100% sequence identity to related taxa. Korean endemic T. caespitosa is also distinguishable from related taxa by prostrate stems and spiral arrangement of leaf. The examinations of external morphology and DNA barcoding study suggest that the taxonomic position of T. cuspidata var. latifolia should be maintained as a variety of T. cuspidata.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.308-312
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• 1995

The effects of nitrogen, phosphate in modified B5 medium and cell immobilization on cell growth and taxol production were investigated using cell cultures of Taxus cuspidata. The ratio of nitrate to ammonium was found to be an important parameter. The ratio of 1 increased taxol production 10-fold, compared to the original ratio of 20 in modified B5 medium. Reducing phosphate concentration inhibited cell growth, but increased taxol production noticeably. Immobilized cells produced a taxol concentration of ${\sim}120\;g/l$