• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.467-470
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• 2006

Bioactivity directed isolation has led to the isolation of (-)-ent-costunolide (1) as the major active compound. This compound (1) inhibited the growth of the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 28185, (4 mm inhibition zone at $15\;{\mu}g/disc$).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.141-143
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• 2015

Dermatophytosis was found on the right front leg of a 4-month-old female African lion cub (Panthera leo) kept at a zoo with locally marginal alopecia. For diagnosis, culturing on sabouraud dextrose agar was performed and skin scrapings from the lesion were analyzed. The ones from the culture and skin scrapings were identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes. A zookeeper that had been in contacted with the lion for artificial rearing developed skin lesions with well-defined erythematous plaques on the right arm about 1 month after the lesion in the lion was observed. The ringworm was probably transmitted from the lion through continuous contact.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.511-514
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• 2005

The effects of chloroform extract from Riccardia marginata on antifungal activity were investigated. The crude chloroform extract of R. marginata inhibited the growth of the Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, (4 mm inhibition zone at $150\;{\mu}g/disc$) and the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 28185, (6 mm inhibition zone at $150\;{\mu}g/disc$), and inactive to P388 murine leukaemia cells ATCC CCL 46 P388D1, ($IC_{50}\;>25,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ at $150\;{\mu}g/disc$). This crude chloroform extract of R. marginata showed strong antifungal activity against the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

The antifungal activities of the bee venom against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum were determined by using modified broth dilution assay. The most common dermatophytes, named T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, were known to cause a variety of cutaneous infections in humans and animals. The bee venom exhibited prominent antifungal activities against the two dermatophytes tested in this investigation. Moreover, the antifungal activities of the bee venom were much stronger than that of fluconazole, one of the commercial antifungal drugs used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The result suggests that bee venom could be developed as a natural antifungal drug.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2004

The antifungal activities of the essential oil from Agastache rugosa and its main component, estragole, combined with ketoconazole, one of the azole antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by Trichophyton species, were evaluated in this study. The combined effects were measured by the checkerboard microtiter and the disk diffusion tests, against T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. schoenleinii and T. soudanense. Susceptibility of the five Trichophyton species to the oil alone, or ketoconazole alone, differed distinctly. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of ketoconazole combined with estragole or A. rugosa essential oil, against the tested Trichophyton species, were between 0.05 and 0.27, indicating synergistic effects. These drug combinations exhibited the most significant synergism against T. mentagrophytes, with FICIs of 0.05 and 0.09 for estragole and the essential oil fraction from A. rugosa, respectively. Isobolograms based on the data from checkerboard titer tests also indicated significant synergism between ketoconazole and the Agastache oil fraction or estragole, against the Trichophyton species evaluated. Trichophyton susceptibility to ketoconazole was significantly improved by combination with the Agastache rugosa oil fraction or its main component, estragole.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2003

This experimental study was performed to investigate the antifungal effects of mixture of Sophorac Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex by the three types of extraction in the dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The following results were obtained by using Minimum Inhibition Concentration(MIC) and Inhibition Zone. 1. MIC on Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Sample S-2, Sample S-3, and Sample-Y were 10${\mu}l$, respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 2. MIC on Epidermophyton floccosum in Sample S-2, Sample S-3, and Sample-Y were 10㎕ respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 3. MIC on Trichophyton rubrum in Sample S-3, Sample-Y were 10${\mu}l$ respectively, showing the highest antifungal effect. 4. The size of inhibition zone on Trichophyton mentagrophytes for Sample S-3 were 22.3mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 5. The size of inhibition zone on Epidermophyton floccosum for Sample S-3 was 34.3mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 6. The size of inhibition zone on Trichophyton rubrum for Sample-Y was 26.5mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. Whereas. in extractions, that of Sample S-3 was 12.5mm in 10${\mu}l$, showing the highest antifungal effect. 7. From the above results, Sample S-3 on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Sample-Y on Trichophyton rubrum showed the highest antifungal effects. This results suggests that vinegar extraction excels other extraction method using water or ethanol to measure the antifungal effect on dermatophytes. In addition, the result shows that the extract of herbal medicines can be used to tinea pedis and if further study is performed, the use of the extract of herbal medicines will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines. [NOTE] · S-S2 : 12-13w/v$\%$ Vinegar extract of mixture of Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex. · S-S3 : 18-19w/v$\%$ Vinegar extract of mixture of Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Aconti Radix, and Hibisci Syriaci Cortex. · S-Y : Miconazole nitrate

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.260-260
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• 2014

Dermatophytes can invade in keratinized tissues and cause dermatophytosis [1] that rank among the most widespread and common infectious diseases world-wide. Although several systemically and topically administered drugs with activities against these fungi are available, still complete eradication of some of these infections, is difficult and relapses and remissions are often observed [2,3]. In addition, some people are allergic to many of the available drugs which add complications even more. Therefore, the search for novel, selective and more effective therapy is always required and it may help the clinicians to choose the correct treatment for their patients. Non-thermal plasmas primarily generate reactive species and recently have emerged as an efficient tool for medical applications including sterilization. In this study, we evaluated the ability of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the inactivation of clinical isolates of Trichophyton genera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) and Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), which cause infections of nails and skin and, are two of the most frequently isolated dermatophytes [4]. Our results showed that DBD plasma has considerable time dependent inactivation potential on both T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum in-vitro. Furthermore, the mechanisms for plasma based T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum inactivation and planning for in-vivo future studies will be discussed.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.114-119
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• 2001

The effect of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract on the growth of dermatophytes had been investigated. In vitro the extract exhibited high activity against various species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. rubrum, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extract revealed that all the dermatophytes tested had MIC values of 13.6 mg/ml. The extract exhibited fungistatic activity at lower concentrations $({\leq}13.6\;mg/ml\;or\;below\;the\;MIC\;value)$ and fungicidal activity at higher concentrations $({\geq}13.6\;mg/ml$\;or\;above\;the\;MIC\;value)$. The results suggested that the extract acted on the cell wall of the dermatophytes which subsequently leading to the formation of cytopathological and membrane structural degeneration and finally leading to cell lysis and death.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2000

ITSI-5.8S-ITSII rDNA region was amplified from the reference strains and clinical isolates with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. These primers amplified DNA fragments of 550 bp in Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton violaceum, 700 bp in Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans, and 750 bp in Microsporum ferreugineum and Microsporum canis. The restriction enzyme patterns of PCR products digested with 13 restriction enzyme including PstI were distint among the genera, whereas identical in the same species. Examination of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers)1 nucleotide sequence revealed that there was the genetic difference in each genera and species. Phylogenetic relationship among each species showed that the Trichophyton mentagrophytes was more closely related Trichophyton tonsurans than Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum was less related than Microsporum spp..

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.131
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• pp.72-78
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to evaluate the application of Chamaecyparis obtusa and to investigate potential utilization of essential oil from C. obtusa as plant-based medicine. The antifungal activity of essential oil from leaves and twigs of C. obtusa (Sieb. Et Zucc) was determined and the major components of active fractions against Microsporum canis (KCTC6591) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (KCTC6077) were identified by GC/MS analysis. In treatment of essential oil from C. obtusa, the strain M. canis was more resistant than the other, T. mentagrophytes. In the agar diffusion assay, essential oil from C. obtusa inhibited hyphal growth of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes at the concentration of more than 5,000 ppm. The zones named B and C in the TLC assay of essential oil from C. obtusa showed antifungal activities. Among four sub-fractions of n-hexane extract from B and C zones, named as B-1, B-2, C-1 and C-2, the C-2 showed the highest antifungal activity. Instrumental GC/MS analysis for sub-fractions showed that a major component of C-1 was ${\alpha}$-terpineol as terpene alcohol, while C-2 contained sesquiterpenes such as elemol, cedrol and eudesmol.