• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2012

Object : The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and Dampness-Phlegm diagnosis in cerebral infarction patients. Methods : Among 227 of the total recruited patients, 59 patients were diagnosed as left ventricular hypertrophy. We assessed their general characteristics, risk factors, lab findings and Korean medical diagnosis. We compared the assessed variables between left ventricular hypertrophy group and non left ventricular group. We analyzed the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and risk factors. And we also analyzed the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and dampness-phlegm diagnosis. Results : 1. The rate of left ventricular hypertrophy in female patients was larger than the rate of male patients. 2. There were more patients finally diagnosed hypertension in left ventricular hypertrophy group. 3. According to the analysis about the rate of Dampness-phlegm related Index for Pattern Identification by left ventricular hypertrophy, Sallow complexion and obesity were significantly higher in the left ventricular hypertrophy than in the non left ventricular hypertrophy group. 4. In multivariate analysis, Dampness-phlegm group showed close relationship with left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions : According to the analysis, significance between dampness-phlegm diagnosis diagnosed group and left ventricular hypertrophy were clarified. These results can be utilized in the future as a basic material to be used for diagnosis and management of dampness-phlegm diagnosis on cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1986

Using an experimental model of pulmonary hypertension, the effects of anticonstrictive drugs on the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200~250 gm were used. For the experimental model of pulmonary hypertension, a group of animal was given by a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline on a dose of 20mg, 40mg, or 60mg per kg of body weight. After 4 weeks of injection, all animals were sacrificed. Another group of animal was given by a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline in a dose of 40 mg per kg of body weight. The animals were sacrificed, in which they were kept alive for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. For the effects of anticonstrictive drugs on the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, the animals treated with monocrotaline were given daily by an intraperitoneal injection of phenoxybenzamine in a dose of 1.3mg/kg of body weight, and were given propranolol via their drinking water at a concentration of 400mg/liter. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks of administration. The hearts and lungs were examined histopathologically and morphometrically. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The rats treated with monocrotaline showed an interstitial pneumonitis, medial thickening of the pulmonary small arteries and hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall. 2. The medial thickening of the pulmonary arteries in rats treated with monocrotaline was due to muscular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the right ventricular hypertrophy was due to hypertrophy of cardiac muscles. Both medial thickening of the pulmonary arteries and hypertrophy of right ventricular wall were more marked with time and with dose. 3. The daily intraperitoneal injection of phenoxybenzamine suppressed significantly the percentage medial thickness of pulmonary small arteries and the index of right ventricular hypertrophy in rats given a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline, but propranolol has shown no protective effect on the development of medial thickening of pulmonary arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy in treated with monocrotaline. The results described above suggested that monocrotaline is an alkaloid selectively inducing pulmonary hypertension and that a-adrenergic receptor is responsible for the pathogenesis of monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension in rat.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.208-217
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• 2015

The exact diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is very important in the treatment of hypertension. The purpose of our study is to determine the relationship between left ventricular remodeling patterns and electrocardiography (ECG) findings in hypertensive patients. We divided 137 patients into four groups according to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and the relative wall thickness: normal, concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy. LVH on the ECG was defined by three ECG criteria: Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria, Cornell voltage criteria and Romhilt-Estes point score. LVH on the echocardiography was defined by LVMI. The prevalence of ECG LVH was increased in concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy group. The QRS voltages by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria (r = 0.494, P = 0.002) and Cornell voltage criteria (r = 0.628, P < 0.001), and Romhilt-Estes point score (r = 0.689, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with LVMI. Also, the QRS voltages and point scores were significantly increased in the concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy group with increased LVMI. The QRS voltage and Romhilt-Estes point scores were positively correlated with LVMI. The QRS voltages and Romhilt-Estes point scores were also increased in the left ventricular remodeling groups with increased LVMI.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2002

The pathophysiological implications of aldosterone and adrenomedullin in the cardiac ventricular hypertrophy were examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt and monocrotaline (MCT) to selectively elicit left and right ventricular (LV, RV) hypertrophy, respectively. The mRNA expression of aldosterone synthase and adrenomedullin in LV and RV was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of aldosterone synthase and adrenomedullin was increased in LV, while not altered significantly in RV of DOCA-salt-treated rats. On the contrary, the expression was not significantly altered in LV, but increased in RV of MCT-treated rats. The enhanced expression of aldosterone synthase may be causally related with the development of ventricular hypertrophy, and the increased expression of adrenomedullin may act as a counter-regulatory mechanism.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

The present study was aimed to explore pathophysiological implications of nitric oxide in the development of left and right ventricular hypertrophy. To induce selective left and right ventricular hypertrophy, rats were made two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertensive and treated with monocrotaline (MCT), respectively. Six weeks later, the hearts were taken and their ventricular tissue mRNA and protein expression of endothelial constitutive isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. In 2K1C hypertensive rats, the expression of NOS mRNA was increased in parallel with its proteins in the left ventricle, but not in the right ventricle. In MCT-treated rats, the expression of NOS mRNA and proteins were proportionally increased in the right ventricle, but not in the left ventricle. These results suggest that the expression of NOS is specifically increased in association with the ventricular hypertrophy, which may be a mechanism counteracting the hypertrophy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.226-229
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• 1994

In hypertensives, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Animal and human studies suggest an association between left ventricular mass and dietary sodium (Na) intake. This study determined if dietary Na intake in a homogenous ethnic population is associated with electrocardiographic LVH (S in Vl + R in $V5{\geq}5.5 mV$). Blood pressure (BP), body mass index, EKG, and 24 hour urine Na and potassium (K) excretion were determined in 40 otherwise healthy Korean patients with untreated essential hypertension on the standard Korean diet. Among these variables, only Na excretion (mmol/day) was significantly different between those with and without LVH $[LVH+:357{\pm}50,\;LVH-;\;268{\pm}25(p=0.04]$. Thus, dietary sodium intake may be predictive of electrocardiographic LVH.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.209-211
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• 2015

An 8-year-old spayed female Maltese (2.5 kg of body weight) presented with the primary complaint of loud heart murmur and exercise intolerance. Diagnostic imaging revealed severe pulmonic stenosis (peak velocity 5.2 m/s) with right ventricular hypertrophy. The dog revisited after 2 years, at which time, diagnostic imaging revealed severe biventricular hypertrophy, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left atrial dilation and pulmonary hypertension with worsened pre-existing pulmonic stenosis. Postmortem investigation revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and regional myocardial infarction. The case was diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy secondary to severe right and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-27
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• 1987

Mass electrocardiographic (ECG) examination was performed on 13,801 children (male 7,526 and female 6,275) of elementary and middle school in Taegu from May 1. 1986. to April 30. 1987. We read their ECG according to the "Pediatric Electrocardiography." The results were as following; The Incidence of ECG abnormality was 1.05%(male 1.3% and female 0.75%). Fifty eight children (0.42%) had atrial and ventricular hypertrophy; two right atrial hypertrophy, five left atrial hypertrophy, thirty five fight ventricular hypertrophy and sixteen left ventricular hypertrophy respectively. Ectopic beats occurred in 25 children (0.18%) ; They were atrial in 12 children, ventricular in 8 children and junctional in 5 children. There were 62 children (0.45%) of conduction disturbance ; They were first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block in 21 children, type I second degree A-V block in 1 child, A-V dissociation in 1 child, right bundle branch block in 36 children, left bundle branch block in 1 child and WPW syndrome in 2 children. Nonspecific ST, T changes and sinus tachycardia were found in 3 and one children respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1973

Two patients operated upon for tricuspid atresia by Glenn operation are presented. They were five years old and four years old females who were cyanotic shortly after birth, and remained cyanotic. On physical examination, cyanosis on digits and lips, clubbing of fingers, thrill and grade III systolic murmur on 4th I.C.S. along left sternal border were noted. In the first case, chest roentgenograms showed normal pulmonary markings, and the electrocardiogram was interpreted as showing left ventricular hypertrophy with left axis deviation and peaked P-wave in lead IL Right heart catheterization showed high pressure in right atrium and the catheter tip was easily inserted into the left atrium through septal defect. In the second case, chest roentgenograms showed cardiomegaly with sparse pulmonary vascular markings and narrowed vascular pedicle, and the electrocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy with some element of right atrial hypertrophy. Angiocardiogram showed changes characteristic of tricuspid atresia, including "right ventricular window" The findings of right heart catheterization were similar to those of first case. On the basis of these observations, they were diagnosed as tricuspid atresia, and Glenn operation was performed. Normal position of great vessels combined with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis were noted on the first case, and on second case, transposition of great vessels was additional finding. Postoperative course was uneventful and favorable outcome was obtained.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2019

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) refers to the expansion and the enlarged myocardium due to the increased resistance to ejection from the left ventricle to the aorta and/or the periphery, or the long-term burden imposed by the blood increase. Hypertension is a major risk factor that accounts for more than 50% of the causes of cardiovascular disease. If hypertension endure in the long term, the myocardium responds to abnormal heartbeat in the heart. Therefore, the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy also increases. As a result of genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis for European people, PDGFC, MARK3, and BCL2 were related to blood pressures. In this study, the genetic polymorphisms of PDGFC, MARK3, and BCL2 were extracted and selected based on Korean genomic and epidemiologic data, and then logistic regression analysis was performed on LVH. As a result, one SNP (rs9307953) in PDGFC gene, four SNPs (rs6575983, rs17679475, rs2273703 and rs10141388) in MARK3 gene and two SNPs (rs17756073 and rs17070739) in BCL2 gene were statistically significant. The rs6575983 of the MARK3 gene showed the highest significance level ($P=7.2{\times}10^{-3}$) among the SNPs and the relative risk of 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.45). These results suggest that the polymorphisms of PDGFC, MARK3, and BCL2 not only affect European blood pressures but also correlate with LVH in Korean. These results suggest that increased understanding of the genetic correlations of the pathogenesis of LVH.