• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Obejectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yijin-tang on pacemaker potentials of small intestinal interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC). Methods : To dissociate the ICC, we used enzymatic digestions from the small intestine in mice. The electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials in the cultured ICC and the in vivo effects of Yijin-tang on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates (ITR). Results : 1. The ICC generated pacemaker potentials in the murine small intestine. Yijin-tang produced membrane depolarization with concentration-dependent manners in the current clamp mode. 2. Pretreatment with a Ca²⁺ free solution and thapsigargin, a Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum, stopped the pacemaker potentials. In the case of Ca²⁺-free solutions and thapsigargin, Yijin-tang did not induce membrane potential depolarizations. 3. U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors, blocked the Yijin-tang-induced membrane potential depolarizations. However, U73343, an inactive PLC inhibitors, did not block. 4. In the presence of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporine or Rottlerin, Yijin-tang depolarized the pacemaker potentials. However, in the presence of Go6976, Yijin-tang did not depolarize the pacemaker potentials. 5. In mice, intestinal transit rate (ITR) values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of Yijin-tang. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yijin-tang can modulate the pacemaker activity of ICC through an internal/external Ca²⁺ and PLC/PKC-dependent pathway in ICC. In addition, Yijin-tang is a good candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2013

Objectives: Yijin-tang-gamibang has been used in the Korean Medicine for treating various digestive disease. This study was aimed to investigate the effects and safety of Yijin-tang-gamibang in reflux esophagitis through the analysis of articles. Method: A total of 9 articles about Yijin-tang-gamibang and reflux esophagitis were used to develop this article. Results: According to basic research and clinic research data, it is supported that Yijin-tang-gamibang was useful prescription in reflux esophagitis. Yijin-tang-gamibang has favorable protective effects on the reflux esophagitis induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation in rats. After treatment with Yijin-tang-gamibang, patients showed improvement in all symptoms associated with reflux esophagitis and functional dyspepsia, including general condition. And Yijin-tang-gamibang did not show any toxic effect in single oral dose toxicity test. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Yijin-tang-gamibang showed favorable protective effects on the reflux esophagitis. However, it proved insufficient to confirm its efficacy owing to lack of clinical studies of high quality. So, we need well designed studies to verify clinical efficacy of Yijin-tang-gamibang hereafter.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide the information activity and safety of Yijin-tang by analyzing domestic/international papers and theses about Yijin-tang. Methods : Domestic/international papers and theses related to Yijin-tang were reviewed and analyzed. These papers were then classified by year, experimental method and subject. Results : 1. Administration of Yijin-tang showed therapeutic effects on diseases of the circulatory system such as thrombosis and hyperlipisemia in in vivo experiments. 2. Administration of Yijin-tang reduced hemorrhagic erosion and ulcer by inhibition of gastric juice secretion and protection effect of gastric mucosa in in vivo experiments. 3. Both clinical and basic science researches, Administration of Yijin-tang showed improvement of digestive function by up-regulated of digestive enzyme and gut-regulated protein in plasma levels. Conclusions : Administration of Yijin-tang showed therapeutic effects on diseases of the circulatory system and protection effect of gastric mucosa in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, both clinical and basic science researches, administration of Yijin-tang showed improvement of digestive function.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2009

The object of this study was to observe the protective effects of Yijin-tang-gamibang (YJGMB), Yijin-tang has been traditionally used as Korean medicine for treating various digestive diseases. The study showed that it is effective on reflux esophagitis induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation in rats. Three different dosages of Yijin-tang-gamibang extracts, 300, 150 and 75 mg/kg, were once orally administered 1 hour before pylorus ligation. 6 groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study. The results were compared with Omeprazole, antioxidant and proton pump inhibitor, 30 mg/kg treated group. Yijin-tang-gamibang extracts 300 mg/kg were showed similar or slightly lower effects as compared with 30 mg/kg of omeprazole in the present study. Detail mechanism studies should be conduced in future with the efficacy tests of individual herbal composition of Yijin-tang-gamibang and the screening of the biological active compounds in herbs.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the effect of Yijin-tang on gastric motility and its mechanism of action in normal intact and partial pyloric obstructed rats. Methods : Gastric emptying was measured by the number of glass beads expelled from the stomach (containing one hundred of glass beads. ${\phi}1mm$) in 1 hour or 2 hours after glass beads and test drugs (normal saline. Yijin-tang 90mg/kg. Yijin-tang 270mg/kg) administration in normal intact and partial pyloric obstructed rats. In another series of experiments to evaluate the mechanism of Yijin-tang 270mg/kg under delayed conditions, normal intact rats were treated with atropine sulfate (1mg/kg,s.c.), cisplatin (10mg/kg,i.p.), quinpirole HCI (0.3mg/kg,i.p.) and NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. 75mg/ kg,s.c.), respectively. Partial pyloric obstructed rats were modified by wrapping the nonabsorbable rubber ring (D :6mm, W:4mm, T: 1mm) around the 1st portion of the duodenum for 8 weeks. The myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle was recorded by a bipolar electrode placed at the abdominal surface in normal intact and partial pyloric obstructed rats. The gastric myoelectrical activity was measured for 30 minutes before and after orogastric administration of each solution (normal saline, Yijin-tang 270mg/kg) and expressed as dominant frequency, percent of normogastria and power ratio. Results : Yijin-tang improved gastric emptying more than normal saline in normal intact(p<0.001) and partial pyloric obstructed rats(p=0.002). Under the delayed gastric emptying induced by atropine sulfate, cisplatin, quinpirole HCI and NAME. Yijin-tang enhanced gastric emptying significantly in the cisplatin treated group(p<0.001). but didn't in other treated groups. Administration of Yijin-tang 270mg/kg has no significant effect on the myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle in both normal intact rats and partial pyloric obstructed rats. Conclusions : Yijin-tang seems to stimulate the gastric motility through suppressing the 5HT3 receptor and promoting the antroduodenal flow. We expect that Yijin-tang would be effective especially in dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia with partial pyloric obstruction or the side effects of cisplatin such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and delay of gastric emptying.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-25
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Yijin-tang and GamiYijin-tang on the gastrointestinal functions of rats Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental animals, and were administered Yijin-tang (Sample I group, 47.5 mg/ml) and GamiYijin-tang(Sample II group, 38.37 mg/ml, Sample ill group, 85.3 mg/ml) water extract once a day. Changes of gastric juice volume and intestinal mobility index were measured. The effects on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in the rats were also observed. Results: 1. Gastric juice volume was decreased significantly in the sample I group (P<0.05) compared to the control group; there was not significant effect in the sample II and sample III groups. 2. The moving distance of carbon bolus was increased significantly in the sample n (p<0.05) and sample II (p<0.05) groups compared to the control group; there was not significant effect in the sample I group. 3. The intestinal mobility index was increased significantly only in the sample II group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. 4. The feces consistency was increased significantly on the 3rd and 5th day of the sample I group (P<0.05), on 3rd, 4th, and 5th day of the sample II (p<0.05) and the sample III (p<0.05) groups compared to the control group. 5. The feces property index was increased significantly only on the 5th day of the sample III group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. 6. The number of WBC and RBC, levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were not changed in all sample groups compared to the control group. 7. The number of the type B Goblet cells were increased significantly in the sample II (p<0.05) and the sample III (P<0.05) groups, but the number of the type C Goblet cells were decreased significantly only in the sample ill group (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusions: According to the above results, GamiYijin-tang compared to the Yijin-tang were decreased hight significantly in gastrointestinal mucose and histological antidiarrheal function with protection of the goblet cell more excellently were observed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.474-479
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• 2016

This case study reports patients suffering from migraine and vertigo had treated with Samul-tang plus Yijin-tang Gamibang. Two patients had taken Samul-tang and Yijin-tang Gamibang three times a day during hospitalization in oriental hospital. One patient had been hospitalized for 2 weeks and other had been for 3weeks. We control dose of added herbs according to other symptoms like dyspepsia, sleep discomfort, flushing, heating sense and diarrhea for each patients. We measure migraine by migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) and dizziness by korean dizziness handicap inventory (KDHI). Also we measure overall improvement with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The main symptoms had been steadily decreased to VAS2. Patient complaing of dyspepsia, heating sense, flushing had been improved with reduction of dyspepsia and patient with diarrhea, abdominal discomofort had been improved following reduction of diarrhea. Two patients didn't agree with study because this paper was written following retrospective study but patients claimed no side effect. Samul-tang plus Yijin-tang Gamibang may be considered as a treatment of migrainous vertigo with digestive problems.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 1985

Experimental studies were undertaken to investigate for the effect of Yijin-tang on the digestive system and isolated uterus of rats. Yijin-tang was composed of five crude drugs; Pinelliae Tuber, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Hoelen, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma. The results obtained from experiments with water soluble fraction extracted from Yijin-tang were as follows; Spontaneous motilities of isolated ileum of mice and rabbits were suppressed, and contraction of isolated ileum of mice and guinea-pigs induced acetylcholine, barium chloride and histamine were inhibited. The anticathartic action of mice induced by castor oil were significantly observed. The spontaneous motility of isolated uterus of rats was suppressed. Inhibitory effect of gastric juice secretion and antiulcerogenic action were significantly shown in Shay rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2023

Objectives : This study used a network pharmacology approach to explore the active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms of Yijin-tang on Meniere's disease. Methods : The active compounds of Yijin-tang were screened via the TCMSP database and their target proteins were screened via the STITCH database. The GeneCard was used to establish the Meniere's disease-related genes. The intersection targets were obtained through Venny 2.1.0. The related protein interaction network was constructed with the STRING database, and topology analysis was performed through CytoNCA. GO biological function analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis for core targets were performed through the ClueGO. Results : Network analysis identified 126 compounds in five herbal medicines of Yijin-tang. Among them, 15 compounds(naringenin, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, baicalein, baicalin, calycosin, dihydrocapsaicin, formononetin, glabridin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, mairin, quercetin, sitosterol, nobiletin) were the key chemicals. The target proteins were 119, and 7 proteins(TNF, CASP9, PARP1, CCL2, CFTR, NOS2, NOS1) were linked to Meniere's disease-related genes. Core genes in this network were TNF, CASP9, and NOS2. GO/KEGG pathway analysis results indicate that these targets are primarily involved in regulating biological processes, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conclusion : Pharmacological network analysis can help to explain the applicability of Yijin-tang on Meniere's disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives : This study used a network pharmacology approach to analyze the treatment mechanisms of Yijin-tang on Meniere's disease, and comparative analysis the treatment mechanisms of drugs recommended in the Meniere's disease treatment guidelines. Methods : We collected information on the recommended drugs from the Meniere's disease treatment guidelines and their target proteins were screened via the STITCH database. The intersection targets were obtained through Venny 2.1.0. Gene Ontology(GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using ClueGO. Results : The 7 proteins(TNF, CASP9, PARP1, CCL2, CFTR, NOS2, NOS1) were associated with both Yijin-tang and Meniere's disease related genes. The 10 proteins(AQP2, KCNE1, AQP1, AVP, ACE, HRH1, HRH3, NOS1, CA1, CFTR) were associated with both the recommended drugs in the guidelines and Meniere's disease related genes. The 2 proteins(CFTR, NOS1) were common across all three groups. Further, GO/KEGG pathway analysis of the collected proteins revealed that the common mechanisms of action between Yijin-tang and the recommended drugs in the guidelines were related to pathways involving immune dysfunction and disturbances in lymphatic fluid homeostasis. In addition, the recommended drugs in the guidelines appeared to act through mechanisms that improve blood flow through vasodilation. Conclusions : Pharmacological network analysis can help to explain the treatment mechanisms of Yijin-tang on Meniere's disease.