• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

In order to establish the manifestational symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of deficiency of Qi and blood(氣虛, 血虛), stagnation of Qi(氣滯), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), deficiency of Yang(陽虛), and, 546 questionaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. Symptomatic differences of male and female specimens were as follows. HFS of Qi deficiency were similar in terms of inactivity like mental and physical fatigue, enervation in men and women. In blood deficiency, dizziness and light sleep were common in men and women, but mucosal symptoms of conjunctiva, lip, nail bed were more frequent in women than men. Emotional explosion was common in Qi stagnation, then women had more motivation-related symptoms than men. Inner heat was frequently arisen in Yin deficiency in both, and the heat was expressed more common in exterior and upper part in women but in interior abdominal part in men. In Yang deficiency, main symptoms of men were feeling coldness in peripheral, but Qi deficiency symptoms were more common in women former than coldness.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-120
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• 2003

This study is performed to investigate the cause, symptom and acupuncture on Dudurugi through the literature of oriental medicine. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Dudurugi is caused by exogenous pathogenic factors(wind, heat, cold, damp), sthenic inter damage factors(heat accumulated in the intestine and stomach, blood-heat, blood-stasia) and asthenia inter damage factors(asthenia of the spleen and stomach, blood-asthenia, asthenia of energy-blood, yin-asthenia and blood-dryness, yan-asthenia and energy-asthenia). 2. The symptom of Dudurugi is appeared in the skin and its surface is processed apparently or itch. 3. The treatment of Dudurugi was used by expelling the wind with removing pathogen. 4. In the treatment of Dudurugi, The su-yangmyong taejang-kyong of 12 merdians was mainly used and, the kokchi(LI11) of acupoints was most used in the acupuncture and moxibustion. 5. In the treatment of Dudurugi, acupoints of tok-maek and chok-t'aeyangkyong were mainly used in the case of showing symptoms caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and, acupoints of chok-t'aemkyong were mainly used in the case of showing symptoms caused by damp-heat accumulated in the intestine and stomach. When there were any other symptoms accompanied, other acupoints were more used.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

Gu-Chang is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers confined to the oral mucosa. Despite much clinical and research attention, the causes remain poorly understood. In this paper, we will compare Gu-Chang with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis(RAS) in order to know what is the similiarity between Gu-Chang and RAS. So we will arrange various oriental and western medical literatures which are important. As a result of arrangement of the causes, symptoms and therapys of Gu-Chang, we can conclude through the studies as follows. 1. The etiologies of Gu-chang are following. In the Sthenia syndrome, there are evil heat of external factor, heat of heart and spleen, insomnia, heat of upper warmer, stress and diet, heat of lung and heart, excessive heat of upper warmer, inappropriate food intake, heat conveyance of organ, heat of stomach merdian, moistured heat of spleen and stomach and stasis of liver energy. In the Asthenia syndrome, there are deficiency of stomach energy, deficiency of upper warmer leading to heat, deficiency of middle warmer leading to cold, deficiency of lower warmer leading to heat, deficiency of middle energy, deficiency of blood, decreased fire and deficiency of soil, yin fire of lower warmer, deficiency of heart yin, deficiency of spleen yin and deficiency of qi and blood. 2. In western medicine the causes of RAS is presumed as local, microbial, systemic, nutritional, genetic, immunologic factors. 3. Once Gu-chang is compared with RAS, in the deficiency of yin leading to hyperactivity of fire, deficiency of yin leading to floating of fire and stasis of liver energy, recurring of Gu-chang is similar to RAS. Although recurring of Gu-chang due to tripple warmer of excessive fire has no recurrance, since there are the degree of Pain, site of lesion, dysphagia etc, it is similar to major RAS. It is may be believed that Sthenia Gu-chang is similar to major RAS, shape of recurring, site of lesion, degrree of Pain and white color of Asthenia Gu-chang are similar to minor RAS, but there is no similarity concerning herpes RAS in the literatures that describe the symptoms. 4. Generally, the treatment of Gu-chang is divided into Asthenia and Sthenia Syndrome. The method of cure to Sthenia syndrome is heat cleaning and purge fire, Asthenia syndrome is nourish yin to lower and adverse rising energy and strength the middle warmer and benefit vital energy. 5. Following is the medication for Sthenia syndrome. Heat of heart and spleen is Do Jok San, Yang Gyek San, Juk Yup Suk Go Tang, evil heat of external factor is Yang Gyek San Ga Gam, Stasis of liver energy is Chong Wi Fae Dok Yum, moistured heat of spleen and stomach is Chong Gi Sam Syep Tang. The medication for Asthenia Syndrome is following. Deficiency of upper warmer leading to heat is Bo Jung Ik Gi Tang, deficiency of middle warmer leading to cold is Bu Ja Lee Jung Tang, deficiency of lower warmer leading to heat is Yuk Mi Ji Hwang Tang, deficiency of yin leading to hyperactivity of fire is Ji Baek Ji Hwang Hwan, deficiency of yin leading to floating of fire is Lee Jung Tang Ga Bu Ja Medicine for external use were Yang Suk San, Boo Wyen San, Rok Po San, Yoo Hwa San ate. 6. In western medicine, there is no specific treatment for RAS, and management strategies depend on dinical presentation and symptoms and includes antibiotics, oral rinses, glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory drugs, vitamines, analgesics, laser and antiviral agents.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

From the 24 kinds of literature on the Consumptive disease, it can be concluded as follows. 1. The consumptive disease is the Imparement of deficiency type due to overstrain. it is a general term for these all symptom such as and Deficiency of primordial Qi and Essence of life and blood. 2. The excessive fire due to Yin-Deficiency and the injury of spleen-stomach is accounted much of the cause of Consumptive disease. 3. The main cause of the Hepatic asthenia are the Anger, Consumption and over-thinking. 4. The symptoms of the Consumptive disease are mainly caused by the functional disorder of Liver taking charge of tendons. storing and regulating blood, Heart being in charge of blood circulation. taking charge of mental activities. Spleen taking charge of muscles, transforting and transforming nutrients. Lung taking charge of skins and hairs, taking charge of respirations, Kidney taking charge of bones, storing essence of life. 5. The main symptoms of Hepatic asthenia are flaccidity of muscles and temeons which causes limited movement caused by muscular atonia and the loss of bightness of eyes. 6. The main treatments of Consumptive disease are the invigorating the Spleen-stomach and the invigorating the Kidney and storing essence of life. 7. The treatments of Hepatic asthenia are the moderating the middle and the nourishing the muscles and tendons.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the concept of purpura in the western and oriental medicine. Method: We surveyed the western and oriental medical books from to recent published books. Result and Conclusion: The cause of purpura is devided into two branchs. One is sthenia syndrome includes stomach-heat, blood-heat and abnormal weather in four seasons. The other is asthenia syndrome includes deficiency of stomache energy, spleen asthenia and deficiency of Yin. In children, the cause of purpura is improper diet, inherent defect and the above things. The treatment of oriental medicine is classified into herbal medication, acupuncture therapy and external treatment

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.211-243
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment, medicine of Wei symptom through the literature of oriental and western medicine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Wei symptom is the symptom that reveals muscle relaxation without contraction and muscle relaxation occures in the lower limb or upper limb, in severe case, leads to death. 2. Since the pathology and etiology of Wei symptom was first described as "pe-yeol-yeop-cho"(肺熱葉焦) in Hung Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), for generations most doctors had have accepted it. but after Dan Ge(丹溪), it had been classified into seven causes, damp-heat(濕熱), phlegm-damp(濕痰), deficiency of qi(氣虛), deficiency of blood(血虛), deficiency of yin(陰處), stagnant blood(死血), stagnant food(食積). Chang Gyeng Ag(張景岳) added the cause of deficiency of source qi(元氣). 3. The concept of "To treat Yangming, most of all"(獨治陽明) was emphasized in the treatment of Wei symptom and contains nourishment of middle warmer energy(補益中氣), clearance of yangming-damp-heat(淸化陽明濕熱). 4. Since Nei-ching era(內經時代), Wei and Bi symptom(痺症) is differenciated according to the existence of pain. After Ming era(明代) appeared theory of co-existence of Wei symptom and pain or numbness but they were accepted as a sign of Wei symptom caused by the pathological factor phelgm(痰), damp(濕), stagnancy(瘀). 5. In the western medical point of view, Wei symptom is like paraplegia, or tetraplegia. and according to the causative disease, it is accompanied by dysesthesia, paresthsia, pain. thus it is more recommended to use hwal-hyel-hwa-ae(活血化瘀) method considering damp-heat(濕熱), qi deficiency of spleen and stornach(脾胃氣虛) as pathological basis than to simply differenciate Wei and Bi symptom according to the existence of pain. 6. The cause of Gullian-Barre syndrome(GBS) is consist of two factors, internal and external. Internal factors include asthenia of spleen and stomach, and of liver and kidney. External factors include summur-damp(暑濕), damp-heat(濕熱), cold-damp(寒濕) and on the basis of "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治), the cause of GBS is classified into injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), infiltration of damp-heat(濕熱浸淫), asthenia of spleen and kidney(脾腎兩虛), asthenia of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), asthenia of liver and kidney (肝腎兩虛). 7. The cause of GBS is divided by according to the disease developing stage: Early stage include dryness-heat(燥熱), damp(濕邪), phlegm(痰濁), stagnant blood(瘀血), and major treatment is reducing of excess(瀉實). Late stage include deficiency of essence(精虛), deficiency with excess(虛中挾實), and essencial deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎精不足) is major point of treatment. 8. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the stage. In case of summur-damp(暑濕), chung-seu-iki-tang(淸暑益氣湯) is used which helps cooling and drainage of summer-damp(淸利暑濕), reinforcement of qi and passage of collateral channels(補氣通絡). In case of damp-heat, used kun-bo-hwan(健步丸), In case of cool-damp(寒濕), used 'Mahwang-buja-sesin-tang with sam-chul-tang'(麻黃附子細辛湯合蓼朮湯). In case of asthenia of spleen and kidney, used 'Sam-lyeng-baik-chul san'(蔘笭白朮散), In case of asthenia of liver and kidney, used 'Hojam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 9. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治). In the case of injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), 'Chung-jo-gu-pae-tang'(淸燥救肺湯) is used. In case of 'infiltration of damp-heat'(濕熱浸淫), us-ed 'Yi-myo-hwan'(二妙丸), In case of 'infiltration of cool-damp'(寒濕浸淫), us-ed 'Yui-lyung-tang', In case of asthenia of spleen, used 'Sam-lyung-bak-chul-san'. In case of yin-deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), used 'Ji-bak-ji-hwang-hwan'(知柏地黃丸), or 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 10. Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy is occuered by compression or ischemia of spinal cord. 11. The cause of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy consist of 'flow disturbance of the channel points of tai-yang'(太陽經兪不利), 'stagnancy of cool-damp'(寒濕凝聚), 'congestion of phlegm-damp stagnant substances'(痰濕膠阻), 'impairment of liver and kidney'(肝腎虛損). 12. In treatment of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy, are used 'Ge-ji-ga-gal-geun-tang-gagam'(桂枝加葛根湯加減), 'So-hwal-lack-dan-hap-do-hong-eum-gagam(小活絡丹合桃紅飮加減), 'Sin-tong-chuck-ue-tang-gagam(身痛逐瘀湯加減), 'Do-dam-tang-hap-sa-mul-tang-gagam'(導痰湯合四物湯加減), 'Ik-sin-yang-hyel-guen-bo-tang'(益腎養血健步湯加減), 'Nok-gakyo-hwan-gagam'(鹿角膠丸加減). 13. The cause of muscle dystropy is related with 'the impairement of vital qi'(元氣損傷), and 'impairement of five Zang organ'(五臟敗傷). Symptoms and signs are classified into asthenia of spleen and stomach, deficiency with excess, 'deficiency of liver and kidney'(肝腎不足) infiltration of damp-heat, 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 14. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang'(補中益氣湯), 'Gum-gang-hwan'(金剛丸), 'Yi-gong-san-hap-sam-myo-hwan'(異功散合三妙丸), 'Ja-hyel-yang-gun-tang'(滋血養筋湯), 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸) are used for muscle dystropy. 15. The causes of myasthenia gravis are classified into 'insufficiency of middle warmer energy'(中氣不足), 'deficiency of qi and yin of spleen and kidney'(脾腎兩處), 'asthenia of qi of spleen'(脾氣虛弱), 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 16. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang-gagam'(補中益氣湯加減), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-gi-guk-yang-hyel-tang'(四君子湯合杞菊地黃湯), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-u-gyi-eum-gagam'(四君子湯合右歸飮加減), 'Pal-jin-tang'(八珍湯), 'U-gyi-eum'(右歸飮) are used for myasthenia gravis.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.337-380
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• 1996

'Nei Jing(內徑)' first defined the interrelationship of the true and tile false between evil factor affecting health(雅氣) and vital essence energy(精氣). According to 「'Nei Jing(內徑)', the above interrelationship is explained as 'If state of evil domination is considered as sthenia-syndrome(雅氣盛則實), if the consumption of healthy energy Is considered as asenia-syndrome(精氣尊則虛): 'Nei Jing(內徑)', proposed major features of the medicall treatment by 'regluate the vatal energy of asthenia and sthenia, treat the sthenia-syndrome by purgation, and treat the asenia-syndrome by therapy of invigoration(調其氣之虛實, 實則瀉之, 虛則補之): The above interrelationship was interpreted as 'treat the asthenia-syndrome of child organ by invigorating the mother organ(虛者補其母)'in the 69th of 'The Classic on Difficulty',(難經 六十九難). Go-Mu(高武) of Myung-dynasty describe therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法), which locating acupuncture points according to the Therorr of Five Element in the five shu points of itself-meridian(自經 五유穴), based on the generation in the ${\ulcorner}$A Synthetical Book of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(針灸聚英)${\lrcorner}$, Sae-hyun Jang(張世賢) further extended location acupuncture points of the five shu points to the other-meridian in the ${\ulcorner}$Gyeo Jung Do Ju Nan Gyung(校正圖註難經)${\lrcorner}$ Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) was originated in 1644, the middle of the Yi-dynasty. It linked the reinforcing and reducing in acupuncture therapy which incorporated tlle asthenia-syndrome and sthenia-syndrome of the hollow organs, based on principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory(陰陽五行學說), not only to the generation in the 5 element(相生關係) but also to the restriction in the 5 element(相剋關係). Furthermore it was devised for the medical treatment by comning therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法) with that of the other-meridian. Even though many original forms(正形) of the therapy for invigoration and purgation of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory comply with the principle of the generation and the restriction based on the principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory are abailable, variational forms(變形) are also recognized by examining the nature of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法), For this reason, it is very difficult to understand the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) thoroughly. therefore, those variational forms are obstacles for the beginners to study the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method. In order to understand the principle of the practical clinical application of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method, this study investigated which principle was based on the variations of the locating acupuncture points' method for the acupuncture prescription.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.267-285
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• 2000

According to the literatural study on the causes of Infertility in women, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of Infertility in women were arranged scholarly thoery during to Jin-Yuan era (金 元 時代) from Huang-Di-Nei-Jing(黃帝內經), and literatures after Ming-Qing era(明 淸 時代) divided and added one's own thoery since they choose preceding thoery. 2. In the Modern Medicine, the causes of Infertility in women are divided the product obstruction of Oocyte, the union obstruction of sperm and oocyte by abnormality of vagina, cervix, corpus, fallopian tubes, pelvic, and peritoneum, Endocrine factor, Immunologic factor, and Emotion factor. 3. In the Oriental Medicine, the causes of Infertility in women are attached importance to functional side as 'asthenia-cool of uterus'(子宮虛寒), 'deficiency of vital energy and blood'(氣血虛), 'deficiency of yin'(陰虛), 'impairement of seven emotion'(七情傷), 'disease of extra mierdians'(寄經病), and so forth; while on the other in the Modern Medicine, the causes of Infertility in women are attached importance to organic side as abnormality of uterus and ovary. 4. In the successive literatures, 'asthenia-cool of uterus'(子宮虛寒) occupied most frequency in the causes of Infertility in women and in the next obesity(體肥), 'deficiency of vital energy and blood'(氣血虛), menstrual irregularity(月經不調), deficiency of yin'(陰虛), 'impairement of seven emotion'(七情傷), emaciation(體瘦), 'disease of extra mierdians'(寄經病), and so forth occupied much frequency. 5. In the bodily form, obesity(體肥) and emaciation(體瘦) occupied comparatively more frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 1996

In order to satisfy the demand of good treatment of Oriental medicine, I investigated many books mentioned about Liver spot. The results were as follows: 1. They have called the Liver spot many other terms in the oriental medicine. 2.. The Liver spot is facial disease, so it is deeply related with yang-myong kyong(陽明經) 3. As the external cause of the Liver spot, wind and fire evil have been emphasized. 4. Intoxication of bud of banha(半夏) poison and alcohol absorption can be one of the causes. 5. As the internal cause of the Liver spot, each other vapour asthenia fever from constipation seven modes of emotion, asthenia of the spleen and stomach and insufficiency of kidney-yin(腎陰) 6. Nowadays, the deficiency of kidney-yang(腎陽) is also included as the cause of the Liver spot. 7. Many oriental doctors have talked about the relationship between the Liver spot and women, but I can't find any concrete talking about the relationship between menstration and the Liver spot, pregnancy and the Liver spot. 8. They have administrated many other herb medicines for the treatment the Liver spot.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 1998

In the literatual studies on the causes and treatments of the melasma, the results were as follows. 1. Melasma is the blackish patch on the face, is belong to the cartegory of the 'Myunjin(面塵)', 'Myunganzung(면간증)', 'Jakban(雀斑)' etc. in Oriental medicine 2. Melasma is deeply associated with Yangming channel in Meridian, with the spleen, stomach, heart and kidney in Viscera. 3. The pathogenic factors of Melasma is divided five parts. One is insufficient of Yangming's energy in Neijing(內經). Two is incoordination between vital energy and blood caused by wind-evil and phlegm-retention syndrome. Three is anxiety impairing the spleen. Four is kidney-asthenia and fire-hyperactivity. Five is heat-evil. 4. In the treatments of Melasma, Sthenia-syndrome was used cooling blood and activating blood circulation, or dispelling wind-evil and promoting meridian, or expelling fire-evil and removing toxic material etc. Asthenia-syndrome was used invigorating the liver and kidney, or nourishing yin and keeping fire downwards etc. 5. Melasma is concerned with sun-light, is mostly seen in female. 6. In the prescription of Melasma, it was used Jujesamultang(酒製四物湯加減), Okyong -san(玉容散), Chunghwasungitang(沖和順氣湯), Okyongseosisan(玉容西施散), Yukmiji-hwanghwan(六味地黃丸) etc.