• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on iron-deficiency-related indices, oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activity in female marathoners. Fourteen teenage female marathoners participated in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups: mild anemic and control, depending on their hemoglobin (Hb) level. The mild anemic group had significantly lower RBC count and hematocrit (Hct) and Hb levels compared to the control group. The mild anemic group (〈12.5g Hb/dI, n=7) was given iron supplements (60mg Fe/day) for four weeks during the summer training period. RBC count, Hct and Hb levels showed an increasing tendency through iron supplementation, and significant differences in these variables between the anemic and control groups disappeared in the post-period. There was no difference in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) between the anemic and control groups. However, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were significantly higher in the anemic group. The significant difference in enzyme activity between the groups disappeared in the post-period. In addition, superoxide dismutase activity significantly decreased after iron supplementation. In conclusion, antioxidative enzyme activity was up-regulated in an anemic condition and mild iron supplementation decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity of female marathoners while improving their anemic condition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1013-1021
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• 2003

Anemia, the condition of the diminished concentration of hemoglobin per erythrocyte is common in patients with cancer and is a frequent complication of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Cham-Dang-Gui (Angelicae Gigantis Radix) has been used in traditional Korean medicine to treat hematologic deficiencies. In this study, Cyclophosphamide (CYP), an alkylating agent that has a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activities, was intraperitoneally injected into the experimental animals to suppress the bone marrow thereafter, causing anemia. The hemopoietic effects of Cham-Dang-Gui were examined using anemic rat model. Rats were divided into five groups: CON (control group), ANS (CYP-injected + normal diet), AND (CYP-injected + normal diet + Cham-Dang-Gui), ALS (CYP-injected + low iron diet), and ALD (CYP-injected + low iron diet + Cham- Dang-Gui) groups. CYP (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to rats for 3 days to induce anemic condition. Saline or Cham-Dang-Gui was administrated orally during the entire experimental period. CYP injection decreased body weight gain and food consumption in comparison with CON group. Oral administration of Cham-Dang-Gui extract with normal iron diet significantly prevented the lower body weight gain. The blood level of hemoglobin, iron status (serum iron, transferrin, ferritin and TIBC) and blood level of vitamin B-12 in Cham-Dang-Gui treated groups were significantly higher than those of Cham-Dang-Gui untreated groups regardless of amount of iron in the diet. Taken together, it could be concluded that the Cham-Dang-Gui extract could improve anemic condition induced by CYP injection by improving hematological value, iron status and vitamin B12 status in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1989

This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food intake and health condition of elderly women living in Ulsan city. Main results were as follows. 1) Dietary intake data showed the average daily intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, riboflavin and ascorbic acid were lower than Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA). According to the percentage of RDA, Vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. 2) Among the various influencial factors, pocket money, meal-mate, skip meal and health concern influenced on nutrient intake considerably. A meal condition score based on influencial factors, showed significant correlations with all nutrient intake(P<0.001). A health score based n the subjects complains about health condition, showed significant correlations with intake of energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, and niacin(P<0.05). 3) Average hight was below Korea reference, while average body weight of subjects was close to Korean reference. Average body mass index was 23.0. 4) The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 140mmHg/88mmHg, the proportion of hypertension was 32.4 percent. The average hemglobin concentration was 12.7g/dl, only 6.7 percent of subjects were anemic. Serum cholesterol concentration was normal range(140~220mg/dl) in all subjects.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 1992

In order to observe the effects of moxibustion on anemic condition as a acute loss of blood, white rats were induced loss of blood by cadiac puncture. And then morphologically variation of The Bone Marrow was observed the following points of each rat were used ; Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$), Hyeon jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$), and complex of Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$) and Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$) Comparing these above methods with the control group the results were as follow : 1. Moxibustion in Shinsu have an influence on activation of Normoblast and do for hematosis function of bone marrow 2. Formation ablity of R B C(Red Blood Cell) turn up order a list of Moxibustion in Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$), Moxibustion in conplex of Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$) and Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$), moxibustion in Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$) 3. Moxibustion in complex of Shinsu($B_{23}$ or $VII_{23}$) and Hyeon Jong($GB_{39}$ or $XI_{39}$) moderately increase Megakaryocyte

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of anemia associated with Dangguibohyel-tang (DBT) in rats. Using cyclophosphamide-induced (30mg/kg BW) anemic rats, changes in weight gain, the levels of red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), platelet and hemoglobin (Hgb), serum vitamin B12, ALT(GPT) levels and erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression were monitored, and compared with DBT (1,000mg/kg BW, 14d)-treated and EPO (1,000IU/kg BW, 14d, s.c.)-treated rats. Food efficiency ratio (FER) were 31.6%, in normal group, 28.1% in cyclophosphamide-induced control group, 31.7% in DBT-treated group and 25.1%, in EPO-treated group after 14 days. The levels of red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), platelet and hemoglobin (Hgb) of DBT-treated group were significantly higher than those of control. And DBT extract administered group showed dominant effects on the recovery of Hgb level. Serum vitamin B12 and ALT(GPT) levels were significantly increased at DBT-treated groups. EPO gene expression was decreased 91,9% in control group, 79.6% in DBT-treated group and 53.9% in EPO-treated group, respectively. These results suggest that administration of DBT could prevent human patient from chemotherapy derived anemia by improving hematological value and EPO status.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1204-1208
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the hematopoietic effects of Angelica gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba extract (1 g/kg B.W.) on cyclophosphamide-induced (30 mg/kg B.W.) anemic rats. Cyclophosphamide injection group (AG, AS, AA) showed a decrease in weight gain in comparison with the normal group. Compared to the cyclophosphamide-treated control group, oral administration of Angelica gigas extract for 14 days in the normal group significantly prevented body weight loss. The iron level of the A. gigas-administered group was significantly higher than the control groups. The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level of A. gigas-, A. sinensis-, and A. acutiloba-administered groups was significantly higher than in the control. We suggest that administration of A. gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba prevents cyclophosphamide-induced anemia by improving hematological value and iron status.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.25-38
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• 1998

This research was carried out to investigate the health condition, eating behavior and nutritional status of female high school students. The survey was conducted from July 5 to July 18, 1996 with 524 first grade students(15 to 17 years old) of H girl's high school using the questionnaire method. The levels of depression and anxiety were measured by CED-S and Spielburger's STAI-S, respectively. In addition, nutrient intakes were estimated by Convenience Method. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The mean depression and anxiety scores of the subjects were 22.23 and 26.00, respectively. The proportion of subjects with normal weight(BM) was 72.1%. The perceived health condition of subjects was moderate and 15.1% of subjects were anemic. The subjectiv health symptoms were feeling drowsy, tired eyesight, getting tired easily, catching cold frequently and frequent headache. 2. The irregularity of breakfast was high in the subjects. The problems of the eating behavior were irregular meals, unbalanced diets, excessive meals, skipping meals and food prejudice. Forty-nine percent of subjects had good eating behaviors. 3. The mean energy intake of subjects was 1717Kcal. The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats were 62.70%, 13.89% and 23.42%, respectively. The subjects consumed 59.59g of protein, 13.07mg iron, 637.49mg calcium, 553.64 R.E. vitamin A, 0.94mg vitamin B1, 1.08mg vitamin B2, 15.15mg niacin and 49.59mg vitamin C, respectively. Except niacin, other nutrient intakes were less than the Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA), especially, iron. 4. Mother's occupation, subject's pocket money and perceived health condition were negatively correlated with eating behavior, And the depression and anxiety of subjects showed wrong eating behaviors. The effects of socioeconomic variables, depression, anxiety and perceived health condition on the nutrient intake were different depending on the kind of nutrient. The nutrient intakes differed significantly among the group of different eating behavior. The eating behavior was significantly correlated with the nutrient intake.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

An ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a anemic state of heart caused by disproportion between heart's demand and supply of oxygen. A patient who has this IHD feels serious chest pain called angina pectoris. In a keen condition it leads to a necrosis of heart muscles, known as myocardial infarction. In an ischemic heart disease the ECG waves gives us useful information of patients' heart. And CK(creatine kinase) in serum and Troponin T are the principal factors in diagnosis of IHD. In this study, the IHD patient classified by Sasang Constitutional Medicine had a notable medical effects. The symptoms of patient are disappeared and waves of ECG is closed to normal. The result of CK in serum is also recovered. So we report the healing process and results of this patient in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.451-462
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate nutrition intakes and its relation to the obesity and the prevalence of anemia in 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged $2{\sim}6$ years. The hematological parameters, daily nutrient intakes and height and weight were measured. Calorie intakes of 2 and 3year-old-children were over their RDA while those of 4-6 years were below the RDA. Intakes of protein, P, and vit B complex were far over the RDA in all ages of children. Fe and vit A intakes were insufficient in all ages except 3 years while Ca intakes were insufficient in all ages except 2 and 3 years. About 18.2% of the children were evaluated as obese. However, very few children were anemic by hematologic parameters. The mean Hb concentrations were 12.2mg/dl in boys and also in girls. The mean Hct was 36.2% in boys, 35.8% in girls. Serum Fe concentration was 100.1mg/dl in boys, 101.1mg/dl in girls. RBC count was significantly higher in boys while MCH was significantly higher in girls. Intakes of protein, P, Fe, vit $B_1$, niacin, vit C were significantly higher in obese group compared to under weight group. There were significant positive correlations between protein intake and Hb, Hct, MCH, and MCHC. The correlation between Fe intake and Hb or Hct was not significant. In conclusion, it seems that the nutritional status of the most children was in very good condition. However, they needed to take more foods supplying Fe, Ca, and vit A.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.589-596
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, and nutrient intakes of high school students who are living in Seoul. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 174.1 cm and 66.6 kg in 99 male and 161.4 cm and 54.0 kg in 116 female students. Mean BMl for male and female students were 21.9 and 22.3 kg/$m^2$, and subjects with BMI > 25 kg/$m^2$ were 14 and 7%, respectively. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol of subjects were 149.6$\pm 3.1,\; 46.4 \pm 1.3,\; 86.4 \pm 2.3$,/TEX> mg/dl for males and 169.2 $\pm 3.1,\;50.7 \pm 1.0,\; 100.9 \pm 2.7 mg/dl$ for females, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were 12.8 $\pm 0.1 g/dl, \;437.3 \pm 7.2\mug/dl\; in\; male\; and\; 11.9 \pm 0.1 g/dl,\; 439.4 \pm 5.7\mug/dl$ in female, respectively. Based on Hb classification, 45.6% of male and 45.0% of female students fell into anemic condition. Intakes of energy, Ca, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, and folate were below the Korean RDA. In particular Ca (male and female, respectively, 64.6 and 64.3% RDA) and Fe (male and female, respectively, 78.6 and 64.3% RDA) intakes were extremely low. Serum triglyceride was positively significantly correlated with weight (r =0.22), BMI (r =0.279), waist circumference (WC, r =0.235), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF, r =0.197) and obesity index (OI, r =0.279). Hb concentration was positively correlated with height (r + 0.387), weight (r =0.349), BMI (r =0.191) and waistlhip ratio (WHR, r =0.380). As for the correlation between serum profiles and nutrient intakes, the Hb concentration was positively correlated with energy (r =0.163), protein (r =0.149), Na (r =0.153), vitamin A (r =0.165), thiamin (r =0.201) and niacin (r =0.192, p < 0.01). These result suggest that the prevalence of Ca and Fe deficiency of student is high and dietary guideline for prevent anemia in this age needs to contain the adequate intake of energy and its related vitamins.